Skip to main content

Full text of "The Wiltshire archaeological and natural history magazine"

See other formats 


THE 


WILTSHIRE 

Irrjnentogtral  anil  Jiatirail  Iktottj 

MAGAZINE, 


$3u&lMrt)rtr  tmter  tl;c  Direction  of  tije 

FORMED    IN    THAT    COUNTY,   A.D.    1853. 


VOL.  XXVII. 


DEVIZES  : 
HUERY  &  PEARSON,  4,  ST.  JOHN  STREET. 

JUNE,  1894, 


THE  EDITOR  of  the  Wiltshire  Magazine  desires  that  it  should 
be  distinctly  understood  that  neither  he  nor  the  Committee  of  the 
Wiltshire  Archaologieal  and  Natural  History  Society  hold  themselves 
in  any  way  answerable  for  any  statements  or  opinions  expressed 
in  the  Magazine;  for  all  of  which  the  Authors  of  the  several 
papers  and  communications  are  alone  responsible. 


CONTENTS    OF   VOL.     XXVII. 


No.   LXXIX.     JUNE,  1893. 

PAGE 

Account  of  the  Thirty-ninth  General  Meeting,  at  Cirencester 

Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892  :  By  C.  B.  PONTING,  P.S.A 15 

Broughton  Gifford— Copy  of  Deed,  belonging  to  the  Rev.  S.  S.  Keddle, 
relating  to  the  Tithes  of  Monkton  Farm,  in  the  Parish  of  Broughton 
Gifford :  Communicated  by  the  Rev.  E.  W.  WATSON  ;  translated  by 
Rev.  ALAN  BRODRICK  „ 41 

Notes  on  pre-Norman  Sculptured  Stones  in  Wilts  :  By  the  Rev.  E.  H. 

GOEDARD 43 

Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  of  the  Early  Christian  Monuments  of  Wilt- 
shire :  By  J.  ROMILLY  ALLEN,  F.S.A.,  Scot 50 

Notes  on  Sections  of  Stonehenge  Rocks  belonging  to  Mr.  W.  Cunnington  : 

By  J.  J.  H.  TEALL,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Sec.  G.S 66 

Richard  Jefferies :  By  GEORGE  E.  DABTNELL    69 

In  Memoriam  William  Collings  Lukis,  M.A.,  F.S.A 99 

Corrections 102 

Natural  History  Notes 102 

Archaeological  Notes 103 

Donations  to  Museum  and  Library    105 


No.  LXXX.     DECEMBER,  1893. 

The  Battle  of  Ethandune  :  By  WALTER  MONEY,  F.S.A.  , 109 

The  Wilts  County  Court— Devizes  versus  Wilton  :  By  JAMES  WAYLEN  113 
The  Church  of  All  Saints,  the  Leigh,  near  Cricklade  :  By  C.  E.  PONTING, 

F.S.A 121 

Contributions  towards  a  Wiltshire  Glossary  :  By  G.  E.  DARTNELL  and 

The  Rev.  E.  H.  GODDARD  124 

Unpublished  Documents  relating  to  the  Arrest  of  Sir  William  Sharington, 

January,  1549  ;  By  the  Rev.  W.  GILCHHIST  CLARK  159 

Notes  on  an  undescribed  Stone  Circle  at  Coate,  near  Swindon  :  By  A.  D. 

PASSMORE 171 

Notes  on  Archaeology  174 

Notes  on  Natural  History  183 

Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library — June  1st  to  November  1st,  1893  186 


iv  CONTENTS   OF   VOL.    XXVII. 

No.    LXXXI.,  JUNE,  1894. 

Account  of  the  Fortieth  General  Meeting,  at  Warminster 193 

Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park,  an  Entrenchment 

of  the  Bronze  Age :  By  Li-General  PiTT-RivEBS,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,F.S.A.  206 
A  Plea  for  the  Further  Investigation  of  the  Architectural  History  of 

Longleat:  By  C.  H.  TALBOT 223 

Notes  on  a  Sun- Dial  from  the  Monastery  of  Ivy  Church,  near  Salisbury  : 

By  the  late  Rev.  ROBERT  DIXON,  LL.D 236 

Notes  on  Encaustic  Tiles  at  Heytesbury  House  :  By  HAEOLD  BRAKSPEAB, 

A.R.I.B.A 241 

Notes  on  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster :  By  C.  E. 

PONTINO,  F.S.A 245 

Notes  on  the  Opening  of  a  Tumulus  on  Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  1893  :  By  the 

Rev.  E.  H.  GODDAED 279 

Notes  on  Food-Vessels  from  Oldbury  Hill :  By  W.  CUNNIN GTON,  F.G.S.  291 
Notes  on  the  Discovery  of  Romano-British  Kilns  and  Pottery  at  Brooms- 
grove,  Milton,  Pewsey  :  By  B.  H.  CUNNINQTON,  F.S.A.  Scot 294 

In  Memoriam  James  Waylen,  with  Bibliographical  Notes  of  his  Writings  301 

Notes,  Archaeological  and  Historical  .  308 

Wiltshire  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Articles  316 

Additions  to  Museum  and  Library 324 

Illustrations. 

Elevation  of  Saxon  Doorway,  Somerford  Keynes,  28.  Ashton  Keynes,  Chancel 
Arch  (drawn  before  its  enlargement),  30.  Fonts  at  Oaksey,  Somerford  Keynes, 
Ashton  Keynes,  and  Siddington,  32.  Part  of  Cross  (?),  Wantage,  47.  Photo- 
print of  Sepulchral  Slab,  G.,  Cricklade  ;  Sepulchral  Stone,  H.,  Cricklade  ;  and 
part  of  Cross  C,  Ramsbury,  52.  Diagrams  of  knots,  Figs.  1  and  2, 52.  Ditto, 
Figs.  3  and  4,  53.  Ditto,  Fig.  5,  54.  Ditto,  Fig.  6,  55.  Ditto,  Figs.  7  and 
8,  56.  Ditto,  Figs.  9  and  10,  57.  Ditto,  Figs.  11  and  12,  58.  Ditto,  Figs. 
13,  14,  and  15,  59.  Ditto,  Figs.  16,  17,  and  18,  60.  Ditto,  Fig.  19,  61. 
Photo-print  of  Four  Sides  of  Cross  B,  Ramsbury,  54.  Two  sides  of  Base  of 
Cross  A,  Ramsbury ;  and  Stone  in  Knock  Church,  57.  Sculptured  Slab, 
Bradford-on-Avon,  61.  Panel  on  Pier  of  Arch,  Britford,  and  Cross  Base  A, 
Ramsbury,  64.  Photo-print  of  Stones  :  Colerne  I,  Ramsbury,  Base  of  Cross  A, 
and  Colerne  J,  64.  Photo-print  of  Sepulchral  Slabs,  D,  E,  and  F,  Ramsbury, 
65.  Saxon  North  Doorway,  Somerford  Keynes,  and  Sculpture  of  Scandinavian 
type,  Somerford  Keynes,  65.  Sculpture  on  Pier  of  Arch,  Britford,  65. 

All  Saints  Church.  The  Leigh— North  Elevation,  121.  Ditto— South  Elevation, 
121.  Ditto— West  and  East  Elevations,  122.  Ditto— Detail  of  Roof,  Section 
through  Tower  looking  West,  and  Piscina,  123.  Sketch-plan  of  Circle  of  Stones 
at  Day  House  Farm,  171.  Plan  of  Three  Stones  near  Day  House  Farm,  172. 

Drawing  Room  of  Stockton  House,  204.  Central  Panel  of  Chimney  Piece  in 
Bedroom  at  Stockton  House,  204.  Plan  of  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore 
Park,  206.  Average  Section  of  Rampart  and  Ditch,  South  Lodge  Camp, 
Rushmore  Park,  207.  Bronze,  Bone,  and  Earthenware  Objects,  found  in  th  e 
South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park,  208.  Grain-rubbers  found  in  South 
Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park,  218.  Stone  Tables  at  Lacock  Abbey,  226. 
Ancient  Sun -Dial  from  the  Priory  of  Ivy  Church,  236.  Encaustic  Tiles  from 
Hoytesbury  House— Plate  I.,  241.  Ditto— Plate  II.,  243.  Hill  Deverill— 
Old  Building  and  Tomb,  271.  Bronze  Celt  from  Kingston  Deverill,  284. 
Articles  found  on  Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  1893,  285.  Ditto  ditto,  286.  Two 
Food- vessels  from  Oldbury  Hill  and  two  Urns  found  at  Broomsgrove  Farm, 
near  Milton,  Pewsey,  294.  Font  in  Hilperton  Church,  308. 


THE 


WILTSHIRE  MAGAZINE. 


"MUI/TOBUM  MANIBUS  GBANDE  LEVATUR  ONUS." — Ovid. 


THE   THIRTY-NINTH  GENERAL  MEETING 

OF   THE 

iltefjtre  arrfjattlostcal  an*  Natural  Ststors  Soctetg, 

HELD  AT  CIRENCESTER, 

August  23rd,  24^,  and  25M,  1893. 

W.  CRIPPS,  Esq.,  C.B.,  F.S.A., 

PEESIDENT   OF   THE    MEETING. 

jHE  Annual  Meeting  of  1892  was  held  in  conjunction  with 
the  Summer  Meeting  of  the  Bristol  and  Gloucestershire 
Archaeological  Society  at  Cirencester,  where  the  Society  had  never 
met  before,  though  a  day  was  spent  there  during  the  Swindon 
Meeting  in  1873  (vol.  xiv.,  p.  142),  somewhat  later  in  the  year 
than  usual,  owing  to  the  original  arrangements  for  July  having 
been  upset  by  the  occurrence  of  the  General  Election. 

The  General  Meeting  of  the  Society  was  appointed  for  11.30  on 
the  23rd,  at  the  King's  Head  Hotel,  but  owing  to  the  difficulty  of 
getting  to  Cirencester  so  early  in  the  day,  very  few  Members  of  the 
Society  were  present,  and  the  Report  was  taken  as  read  by  THE 
SECRETARY,  the  officers  being  formally  re-elected  for  the  ensuing  year. 

THE   REPORT. 

"  Your  Committee  reports  that  it  has  met  four  times  since  the 
General  Annual  Meeting  at  Wilton  last  year. 

"  At  these  meetings  thirty-four  new  Members  have  been  elected, 

*#*    NOTE. — In  compiling  this  report  the  Editor  desires  to  acknowledge  his 

indebtedness  to  the  columns  of  the  Wilts  and  Gloucestershire  Standard. 
TOL.    XXVII. — NO.   LXXIX.  B 


2  The  Thirty-Ninth  General  Meeting. 

raising  the  total  number  of  Members  at  the  beginning  of  July  last 
from  three  hundred  and  seventy-eight  to  three  hundred  and  ninety- 
eight,  in  spite  of  losses  by  deaths  and  resignations. 

"  We  have  to  record  amongst  the  former  the  loss  of  Mr. 
Nightingale  and  Mr.  Swayne,  both  original  Members,  both  regular 
in  attendance  at  our  Annual  Meetings,  and  both  valued  contributors 
to  local  history.  Obituary  notices  of  each  will  be  found  in  No.  77 
of  the  Magazine.  We  have  also  to  deplore  the  loss  of  Mr.  R.  S. 
Holford,  a  life  Member ;  of  Miss  Chafyn  Grove,  who  added  lustre 
to  the  old  Wiltshire  name  she  bore  by  many  good  and  generous 
deeds ;  of  Mrs.  Fisher,  widow  of  Canon  Fisher,  an  original  Member  ; 
of  Mrs.  Powell ;  and  others,  making  ten  in  all ;  whilst  we  are  glad 
to  find  only  two  have  felt  called  upon  to  resign  their  membership. 

"  We  hope  during  the  ensuing  year  to  raise  our  numbers  to  some- 
thing over  four  hundred,  and  to  be  able  to  maintain  that  number 
at  least  in  future  years. 

"  We  are  glad  to  announce  that  we  have  enlisted  the  services  of 
Mr.  Henry  Wilkins,  of  Calne,  Mr.  C.  W.  Holgate,  of  the  Palace, 
Salisbury,  and  Mr.  Joshua  W.  Brooke,  of  Marlborough,  as  Honorary 
Local  Secretaries.  Mr.  Wilkins  takes  the  place  of  Mr.  Plenderleath, 
whose  removal  from  the  county  causes  the  loss  of  an  active  and 
useful  Member.  Mr.  Holgate  takes  the  place  of  Mr.  Swayne,  and 
gives  promise  of  much  assistance  to  us  in  the  south  of  the  county, 
where  we  need  help.  The  extraordinary  collection  of  antiquities, 
more  especially  of  flints  and  Roman  coins,  made  by  Mr.  Brooke  in 
the  neighbourhood  of  Marlborough  within  a  very  short  period  of 
time  makes  it  matter  for  congratulation  that  he  has  consented  to 
take  an  active  share  in  the  working  of  our  Society. 

"  We  call  attention  with  great  regret  to  its  being  the  third  and 
last  year  of  office  of  our  President,  General  Pitt- Rivers ;  unless  his 
health  will  permit,  and  he  can  be  persuaded  to  confer  upon  us  the 
great  favour  of  consenting  to  hold  office  for  another  year. 

"Numbers  76  and  77  of  the  Magazine  have  been  issued  during 
the  past  year,  both  containing  much  interesting  information.  For 
the  increased  number  of  illustrations — adding  much  to  the  interest 
of  the  articles — we  have  to  thank  the  writers  who  in  many  cases 


The  Report.  3 

bave  borne  tbe  cost  of  them.  The  '  Wiltshire  Glossary '  is  a 
distinct  addition  to  our  store  of  local  information.  It  will  be  seen 
from  the  lists  of  '  Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library '  at  the 
end  of  these  two  numbers  that  our  grounds  for  an  appeal  for  ad- 
ditional space  become  every  year  more  urgent.  We  are  almost 
compelled  now  to  decline  the  offer  of  anything  which  is  not  directly 
connected  with  the  county.  Amongst  the  additions  to  the  Library 
we  call  especial  attention  to  Mr.  Nightingale's  very  complete  work 
on  '  The  Church  Plate  of  the  County  of  Wilts ' ;  to  the  large  volume 
of  '  Original  Drawings  of  the  Church  Plate  of  North  Wills3 ;  and 
to  the  third  vol.  of  General  Pitt- Rivers'  most  elaborate  work 
describing  his  Excavations  of  Wiltshire  Earthworks. 

"  The  Librarian  of  the  British  Museum  recently  made  a  public 
appeal  for  copies  of  election  literature,  pamphlets,  addresses,  portraits, 
&c.  We  did  the  same,  and  have  received  some  replies. 

"  As  to  finance,  the  account  of  receipts  and  disbursements  for  the 
year  1891  is  printed  at  the  end  of  the  last  number  of  the  Magazine. 
It  may  be  observed  that  during  the  year  only  two  hundred  and 
sixty-two  Members  paid  their  subscriptions  for  the  year  as  against 
two  hundred  and  eighty  who  did  so  in  1890.  This  goes  far  to 
account  for  the  fact  that  the  total  amount  received  for  subscriptions 
in  1891  is  about  £26  less  than  in  1890.  We  would  again  strongly 
urge  upon  Members  the  desirability  of  punctual  payment  of  their 
subscriptions  as  they  fall  due  on  the  1st  of  January  in  each  year. 
The  amount  received  for  payment  on  admission  to  the  Museum  does 
not  appear  to  show  an  increase  of  attendance  in  proportion  to  the 
increase  in  the  value  and  interest  of  our  collections.  Two  numbers 
only  of  the  Magazine  having  been  printed  and  paid  for  within  the 
year  the  cost  of  this  item  is  less  than  in  1890,  when  three  numbers 
were  paid  for.  Considerable  expense  had  to  be  incurred  at  the 
Museum  in  connection  with  the  public  sewers,  through  which  rats 
had  worked  up  under  our  floors.  The  balance  carried  forward  to 
this  year's  account  is  nearly  £30  less  than  last  year,  chiefly  owing 
to  the  large  amount  of  unpaid  subscriptions. 

"  Canon  Jackson's  Wiltshire  Collections  were  referred  to  in  our 
report  last  year,  and  some  discussion  arose  at  the  Meeting  with 

B  2 


4  The  Thirty-Ninth   General  Meeting. 

respect  to  them.  It  is  very  desirable  that  we  should,  as  a  Society, 
keep  in  mind  that  these  collections — the  work  of  a  lifetime  and  the 
value  of  which  it  is  difficult  to  estimate — are  deposited  with  the 
Society  of  Antiquaries  at  Burlington  House.  It  is  hoped  that  they 
may  soon  be  catalogued,  and  that  we  may  be  furnished  with  a  copy. 

"  A  much  needed  catalogue  of  our  books,  prints,  documents,  and 
papers  is  being  prepared  by  our  Librarian,  Mr.  Bell ;  and  we  are 
indebted  to  another  diligent  Member,  Mr.  Willis,  for  undertaking 
to  catalogue  the  tokens,  which  have  been  considerably  added  to  of 
late. 

"  The  amount  subscribed  towards  the  cost  of  enlargingthe  Society's 
Museum  as  a  memorial  to  the  late  Canon  Jackson  is  not  sufficient 
to  enable  the  Committee  to  carry  out  Mr.  Ponting's  design.  The 
amount  promised  is  £259  13$.,  of  which  £12]  16s.  has  been  paid 
into  the  bank. 

"  The  Committee  has  under  consideration  a  modified  scheme 
which  it  is  hoped  to  carry  out.  Suggestions  have  been  made  of 
economical  or  temporary  structures,  but  the  Committee,  however 
much  the  mere  acquisition  of  space  may  be  an  object,  does  not  intend 
to  lose  sight  of  that  dignity  which  should  be  a  characteristic  of  a 
memorial  of  Canon  Jackson.  Subscribers  have  been  requested  in 
the  Magazine  to  pay  their  promised  subscriptions  to  the  Secretaries, 
and  it  is  hoped  they  will  do  so. 

"  Before  concluding  this  report  the  Committee  considers  that  it 
is  not  travelling  beyond  its  province  if  attention  is  called  to  some 
notable  works  of  preservation  of  ancient  buildings  within  the  county 
which  have  been  recently  accomplished.  The  completion  of  the 
important  work  of  restoration — or  rather  of  repair  on  most  con- 
servative lines — at  Edington  Church ;  and  the  work  now  going  on 
at  Ramsbury  Church,  where  the  fine  old  roof  of  the  nave  has  been 
happily  saved,  are  matters  for  congratulation.  The  finding  of  the 
Saxon  stones  at  Ramsbury,  the  careful  restoration  of  the  unique 
octagonal  sacristy  at  P^nford,  the  work  done  at  the  Churches  of 
Froxfield,  Upton  Lovel,  and  Tytherington,  and  at  the  Old  Manor 
House  at  South  Wraxall  are  all  matters  of  interest  to  the  archaeolo- 
gists of  the  county.  It  is,  moreover,  a  pleasure  to  the  Committee 


The  Opening  Meeting.  5 

to  record  that  most  of  these  works  have  been  carried  out  under  the 
superintendence  of  Mr.  Ponting,  a  native  of  the  county,  and  a 
Member  of  the  Society,  to  whose  assistance  in  making  the  Annual 
Excursions  of  real  interest,  and  in  many  other  ways,  they  are  greatly 
indebted. 

"  In  looking  forward  to  the  future  we  feel  that  a  vast  deal  yet 
remains  to  be  done  before  the  subjects  dealt  with  by  the  Society 
can  be  said  to  be  exhausted. 

"  New  lights  are  constantly  being  cast  on  old  material,  whilst 
the  shadows  of  doubt  sometimes  thrown  on  old  sources  of  information 
need  constant  investigation. 

"  One  by  one  our  founders  and  supporters  are  removed  from  our 
midst,  but  it  is  hoped  new  hands  and  new  minds  may  be  found  to 
take  up  the  work  so  carefully  and  fondly  dealt  with  in  the  past. 

"  We  feel  certain  that  we  may  look  forward  to  an  increase  of 
prosperity  for  our  Society,  to  an  increase  of  its  Members,  of  its 
means,  and  of  its  value  and  importance  in  the  eyes  of  all  intelligent 
and  patriotic  Wiltshiremen." 

The  Gloucestershire  Society  having  in  the  meantime  concluded 
their  business  meeting,  the  Members  of  the  Wiltshire  Society 
joined  them  in  the  Town  Hall  at  12  o'clock,  where  MR.  WILFRED 
CRIPPS,  C.B.,as  Chairman  of  the  Local  Committee, gave  the  Members 
of  both  Societies  a  very  hearty  welcome  to  Cirencester. 

SIR  JOHN  DORRINGTON,  Bart.,  then  expressed  the  very  great 
regret  of  the  Gloucestershire  Society  that  General  Pitt- Rivers, 
F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  the  President  of  the  Wiltshire  Society,  was  pre- 
vented by  the  state  of  his  health  from  presiding  over  both  the 
Societies  at  the  Meeting,  and  proposed  that  in  his  absence  Mr. 
Wilfred  Cripps,  C.B.,  the  well-known  author  of  "  Old  English 
Plate"  should  be  invited  to  act  as  President  of  the  Meeting,  a 
proposal  which  MR.  MEDLICOTT,  on  behalf  of  our  own  Society, 
cordially  seconded. 

MR.  CRIPPS  then  took  the  chair,  and  after  referring  in  a  few 
words  to  the  great  work  accomplished  by  General  Pitt- Rivers  in 
many  ways  for  the  advancement  of  archeology,  proceeded  to  give 
an  interesting  address  on  the  early  history  of  Cirencester,  stating 


6  The  Thirty-Ninth   General  Meeting. 

that  its  occupation  by  the  Romans  could  be  traced  by  means  of  coins 
from  the  time  of  Claudius  to  that  of  Honorius,  and  that  it  seemed 
to  have  continued  an  important  station  down  to  the  end  of  the 
Roman  occupation,  after  which,  but  how  soon  after  it  was  difficult 
to  say,  it  was  overthrown  and  destroyed  by  the  invading-  Saxons. 
At  the  conclusion  of  the  Meeting  COL.  FORBES,  on  behalf  of  one 
hundred  and  twenty-eight  Members  of  the  Bristol  and  Gloucestershire 
Society,  presented  a  silver  bowl  and  a  purse  of  £80  to  the  Rev.  W. 
Bazeley,  as  some  acknowledgment  of  his  services  to  the  Society  in 
acting  as  General  Secretary  for  the  last  thirteen  years.  MR.  BAZELEY 
having  replied,  the  Meeting  terminated,  and  the  Members  proceeded 
to  the  Corinium  Museum,  where  the  Curator,  MR.  C.  BOWLY,  pointed 
out  the  chief  objects  of  interest — almost  all  of  them  Roman  remains 
found  in  Cirencester  itself.  One  of  the  two  fine  mosaics  in  the  floor 
is  specially  interesting  from  the  fact  that  ruby  glass  tesserse  are 
found  in  the  figure  of  Flora,  for  such  glass  tessera  are  rare  in  mosaics 
in  England,  and  these  upon  being  analysed  proved  to  owe  their 
colour  to  copper,  and  not  to  gold,  which  until  lately  has  been  used 
in  modern  times  for  the  production  of  ruby  glass.  MR.  BOWLY 
also  drew  attention  to  the  well-known  acrostic  inscribed  on  a  tile  :— 

EOTAS 
OPERA 
TENET 
AREPO 
SATOR 

which  nobody  has  been  able  to  satisfactorily  translate,  but  which 
seems  to  have  been  a  kind  of  charm  used  in  many  countries  and  in 
different  ages. 

After  lunch  the  splendid  Parish  Church  was  visited,  under  the 
able  guidance  of  the  Rev.  E.  A.  FULLER  (for  Mr.  Fuller's  description 
see  vol.  xiv.,  p.  136  of  this  Magazine],  who  gave  a  full  account  of 
its  history  and  architecture — as  also  of  the  very  remarkable  parvise 
over  the  south  porch,  which  is  now  known  as  the  Town  Hall,  and 
which  forms  such  a  conspicuous  object  from  the  street.  This,  he 
said,  had  been  considerably  altered  in  1828.  The  blue  velvet  cope 
of  1470  and  the  very  interesting  silver-gilt  communion  plate  were 


Places  Visited  in  Cirencester.  1 

inspected  with  much  interest.  The  latter  comprises  two  of  the  very 
earliest  examples  of  the  Post-Reformation  flagons,  of  the  "  round 
bellied  "  shape  which  preceded  the  later  tankard — these  particular 
specimens  being  hall-marked  1576  ;  two  chalices  with  paten  covers, 
of  1570,  which  have  a  gadrooned  flange  on  the  stem  close  under 
the  bowl  and  in  other  respects  seem  to  follow  the  earlier  shape  in 
vogue  during  the  reign  of  Edward  VI.  But  the  most  interesting 
piece  of  all  is  the  beautiful  silver-gilt  cup,  made  in  1535,  which  in 
all  probability  once  belonged  to  Queen  Anne  Boleyn — as  it  bears 
her  badge  on  the  cover.  (The  flagons,  the  chalices,  and  this  secular 
cup  will  be  found  well  illustrated  in  Cripps'  Old  English  Plate,  pp. 
170,  177,  and  181,  third  ed.) 

From  the  Church  the  party  proceeded  to  the  gardens  of  the  Abbey, 
the  history  of  which  Mr.  Fuller  had  already  given  them.  The  house 
itself  is  a  perfectly  plain  building,  with  no  mark  of  antiquity  about 
it — but  there  is  a  very  remarkable  Roman  capital  of  large  size  and 
richly  carved  acanthus  foliage  and  human  figures  preserved  on  the 
lawn. 

St.  John's  Hospital  was  next  visited,  of  which  a  double  arcade  of 
three  Early  English  arches  still  roofed  over  remains — and  the  so- 
called  "  Saxon  Arch/'  really  the  gateway  of  the  Abbey.  (See  Wilts 
Mag.,  vol.  xiv.,  p.  145.)  The  party  then  walked  a  considerable 
distance  along  the  line  of  the  earthwork  which  now  forms  the  sole 
remains  of  the  ancient  wall  of  the  Roman  city.  This  earthwork 
was  originally  faced  on  the  outside  with  masonry — but  all  trace  of 
this  above  ground  has  disappeared.  At  one  point,  now  occupied  by 
a  mill,  the  double  ditch  outside  the  wall  is  still  well  seen.  At  this 
point  the  weather,  which  had  been  somewhat  threatening  all  the 
afternoon,  grew  worse  and  rain  began  to  fall,  and  the  Members 
hastened  back  to  tea,  which  was  hospitably  provided  for  them  by 
ME.  and  MRS.  CRIPPS  (Countess  Bismarck). 

After  tea,  the  Roman  pavement  at  the  Barton,  still  carefully 
preserved  in  situ  and  roofed  over,  was  inspected,  and  to  those  who 
had  not  seen  it  before  this  was  certainly  one  of  the  chief  treats  of 
the  Meeting,  for  probably  there  are  few,  if  any,  finer  mosaic  pave- 
ments in  England — Orpheus  in  the  centre  plays  his  lyre  surrounded 


8  The  Thirty-Ninth  General  Meeting. 

by  an  inner  circle  of  birds  and  an  outer  circle  of  beasts,  amongst 
which  a  lion,  a  leopard,  and  a  tiger  still  remain  fairly  perfect — their 
attitudes,  expressions,  and  colouring  being  rendered  in  a  singularly 
spirited  way — evidently  by  an  artist  who  knew  the  beasts  themselves 
in  life  (see  Buckman  and  Newmarch's  "  Remains  of  Roman  Art  in 
Cirencester") 

MR.  CRIPPS  also  exhibited  at  his  own  house  a  large  collection  of 
Roman  objects,  coins,  fibula?,  armillae,  bronze  and  bone  pins,  bodkins, 
spatulae,  glass,  and  pottery,  including  many  fine  Samian  examples 
of  bowls,  &c.,  which  had  recently  been  found  during  building 
operations  on  his  property — together  with  choice  examples  of  English 
silver  plate,  and  many  other  objects  of  interest. 

The  next  proceeding  was  the  Dinner  at  the  King's  Head  Hotel, 
during  which  a  thunderstorm  raged  outside.  The  speeches  were 
cut  short — the  only  toast  besides  that  of  the  Queen  being  introduced 
by  the  Chairman  very  happily  by  the  following  story.  In  ancient 
days  there  was  a  long-standing  feud  between  the  Worshipful  Company 
of  Skinners  and  the  Worshipful  Company  of  Merchant  Taylors,  of 
London,  and  the  quarrel  became  so  serious  that  the  Lord  Mayor 
was  called  in  to  mediate.  He  decided  that  the  dispute  should  be 
settled  by  each  company  entertaining  the  other  in  alternate  years. 
The  Chairman  said  he  was  dining  with  the  Merchant  Taylors  on 
one  of  these  interesting  occasions,  and  the  toast  of  the  evening  was 
proposed  in  this  form  :  u  Merchant  Taylors  and  Skinners,  Skinners 
and  Merchant  Taylors,  root  and  branch,  long  may  they  flourish 
together."  In  the  same  form  he  would  propose  the  toast :  "  The 
Wiltshire  Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society,  the  Bristol 
and  Gloucestershire  Archaeological  Society ;  the  Bristol  and  Glou- 
cestershire Archaeological  Society,  the  Wiltshire  Archaeological  and 
Natural  History  Society,  root  and  branch,  long  may  they  flourish 
together ! " 

The  Conversazione  was  held  in  the  Town  Hall,  the  first  paper 
being  read  by  MRS.  BAGNALL  OAKELY,  on  three  panels  in  Dagling- 
worth  Church  with  Saxon  sculptured  figures,  apparently  originally 
portions  of  a  reredos.  Mrs.  Bagnall  Oakeley  called  attention  to  the 
difference  of  treatment  of  the  same  subjects  by  the  Saxon,  the  Irish, 


Conversazione  at  the  Town  Hall.  9 

and  the  Norman  artists — exhibiting  many  drawings  lately  made  in 
Ireland,  and  mentioning  amongst  other  points  in  Saxon  work  that 
both  in  sculptures  and  in  illuminations  St.  Peter  was  represented  as 
a  young  man  and  beardless,  contrary  to  the  usual  custom  in  post- 
Saxon  art.  She  contended  that  in  the  sculptures  in  the  south  porch 
of  Malmesbury  Abbey  St.  Peter  was  so  represented  and  that  this 
pointed  to  those  sculptures  being  of  considerably  earlier  date  than 
is  commonly  assigned  to  them — a  conclusion  with  which,  however, 
all  her  audience  were  not  inclined  to  agree. 

THE  PRESIDENT  next  read  a  paper  on  Kecent  Roman  Finds  in 
Cirencester,  chiefly  in  a  part  of  the  town  now  known  as  Ashcroffc — 
lately  built  over,  probably  for  the  first  time  since  the  Roman 
occupation.  Here  the  line  of  a  Roman  road  running  north  and 
south  had  been  laid  bare,  with  portions  of  tessellated  pavements  and 
here  and  there  the  foundations  of  buildings,  but  the  whole  ground 
appeared  to  have  been  dug  over  before  in  order  to  get  out  the  wrought 
stones  of  the  Roman  buildings — a  fact  which  accounted  for  the 
pavements  everywhere  being  found  alone  without  the  walls  which 
originally  surrounded  them,  for  the  tessera,  being  of  no  use  to  the 
searchers  for  building  stone,  were  left  undisturbed.  The  various 
objects  already  exhibited  in  the  afternoon  were  then  described,  and 
the  most  curious  find  of  all — an  article  in  jet,  apparently  consisting 
of  a  group  of  a  nude  torso  and  part  of  a  clothed  figure  with  a  pointed 
hood  hanging  on  its  shoulders,  but  without  either  heads  or  limbs — 
was  commented  on  and  handed  round.  It  had  puzzled  even  Mr. 
Franks  and  other  authorities  of  the  British  Museum;  and  nobody 
present  would  hazard  a  conjecture  as  to  what  it  was. 

MR.  CHRISTOPHER  BOWLY  then  gave  an  account  of  what  he 
described  as  probably  the  most  important  find,  in  the  way  of  Roman 
inscriptions,  made  in  the  South  of  England  for  some  years — a  four- 
sided  base,  17in.  square,  of  a  memorial  column:  which  was  lately 
discovered  in  a  garden  in  Victoria  Road.  The  inscription  is  as 
follows  on  three  sides  of  the  stone,  the  fourth  side  being  blank. 
The  letters  in  black  type  now  exist,  those  in  italics  are  supposed  to 
have  been  erased  or  broken  off,  or  are  the  filling  up  of  contractions. 
The  principal  face  of  the  stone  contains  a  dedication  to  Jupiter. 


10  The  Twenty  -Ninth  General  Meeting. 

The  second  and  third  faces  are  in  hexameters  :— 

•I'O  SEPTIMIVS  NVMET 

L  '  SEPT  RENOVAT  ECTAM 

VPPR  PRIMAE  RISCARE 

REST  PROVINCIAE  CIONECO 

CIVST  RECTOR  VMNAM 

|o»»    Optimo    Maximo 
L    SEPT*m*w     [cognomen} 
V*r    Perfectissimvi    pRaeses    [prov    Brit} 


|VST*»<> 

•vNVM    ET   "ECTAM 
rRISCA    RE'tCIONE 
CO'VMNAM 

SEPTIMIVS    RENOVAT    PRIMAE 
PROVINCIAE    RECTOR 

"  Statue  and  column  raised  by  old  religion,  Septimius,  Governor  of 
the  first  Province,  renews."  Dr.  Hubner  says  the  lettering  on  the 
stone  is  that  of  the  end  of  the  third  century,  and  this  will  very  well 
agree  with  the  other  facts.  It  was  in  the  reign  of  Diocletian  (284 
to  305)  that  Britain  was  divided  into  Britannia  Prima,  Secunda,  &c., 
which  divisions  were,  with  a  few  modifications,  retained  till  the  end 
of  the  fourth  century.  This  stone  is  the  only  epigraphic  testimony 
to  the  fact  known  to  exist;  it  also  goes  far  to  show  that  Cirencester 
was  in  Britannia  Prima.  Mr.  Haverfield  says  that  the  mere  finding 
of  a  definitely  fourth  century  inscription,  not  being  a  milestone,  is 
a  notable  fact  in  Romano-British  epigraphy. 

The  Evening  Meeting  concluded  with  the  reading  of  a  paper  by 
the  Rev.  E.  A.  FULLER,  on  "An  Illegal  Merchant  Guild  granted 
to  Cirencester  by  Henry  IV."  in  which  he  said  that  Cirencester 
never  had  a  Mayor  or  Corporation,  it  was  still  subject  to-day,  as  it 
had  been  all  through  history,  to  the  control  of  the  officers  of  the 
lord  of  the  manor. 

WEDNESDAY,   AUGUST   24m. 

The  Members  of  both  Societies  left  Cirencester  soon  after  9  o'clock 
and  drove  direct  to  Fairford  Church.  Here,  in  the  unavoidable 
absence  abroad  of  the  Vicar,  the  Rev.  F.  R.  Carbonell,  they  were 
received  by  the  REV.  W.  H.  WILMOT,  who  conducted  them  round 
the  Church,  each  window  being  carefully  examined  and  its  particular 
points  of  interest  explained,  after  a  paper  by  the  Vicar  on  the 


Excursion  on  Wednesday,  August  2M.  11 

history  and  the  general  scheme  of  illustration  in  the  windows  had 
been  read — the  conclusion  to  which  he  came  after  noticing  the 
traditions  (1)  of  the  glass  having  heen  captured  at  sea  by  John 
Tame,  and  (2)  of  its  being  the  work  of  Albert  Durer — being  that 
it  was  made  for  the  Church,  in  England,  with  perhaps  the  aid  of 
Flemish  and  German  artists. 

This  grand  series  of  twenty- eight  windows  was  undoubtedly  the 
chief  attraction  of  the  Meeting  to  very  many  of  the  Members,  and 
a  considerable  time  was  devoted  to  the  inspection  of  them.  They 
are  now  to  be  seen  to  much  greater  advantage  than  formerly,  inas- 
much as  they  have  recently  undergone  a  most  careful  process  of 
re-leading  and  repair — many  portions  which  had  been  misplaced 
having  been  restored  to  their  proper  positions,  and  in  cases  where 
portions  are  altogether  lost  the  space  has  been  filled  in  with  plain  glass 
without  any  attempt  at  "  restoration  "  beyond  showing  the  probable 
outline  of  the  parts  of  the  figures  lost,  in  lead.  The  good  effect  of 
this  very  judicious  treatment  is  the  more  apparent  in  comparison 
with  the  great  west  window,  which  some  time  ago  was  "  restored  " 
on  the  principle  then  prevalent  of  endeavouring  to  replace  the  old 
glass  with  new,  the  result  being  a  singularly  disastrous  effect.1 

On  the  architecture  of  the  Church  itself  a  paper  was  read  by  MR. 
F.  W.  WALLER,  under  whose  careful  superintendence  the  late  works 

1  In  reference  to  coloured  glass  a  very  interesting  point  was  mentioned  by  a 
Member  of  the  Gloucestershire  Society,  ME.  F.  F  TUCKETT,  F.B.G.S.,  who  has 
paid  much  attention  to  the  matter,  viz.,  that  one  infallible  way  of  distinguishing 
ancient  from  modern  glass  is  by  the  fact  that  wben  tbe  sun  shines  on  old  glass 
it  transmits  no  colour  to  the  walls  or  other  objects  on  which  the  sunbeams  fall, 
whereas  when  it  shines  on  new  glass  the  colours  are  transmitted.  Mr.  Tuckett, 
in  a  short  paper  he  has  written  on  the  subject  for  the  Clifton  Antiquarian  Club 
(December,  1887),  asserts  that  he  has  tried  the  experiment  at  Fairford  itself,  at 
Chartres,  at  Oxford,  Lichfield,  Bristol,  &c.,  always  with  the  same  result,  and 
that  although  the  fact  is  by  no  means  generally  known,  he  is  fully  confirmed  in 
his  statement  by  others  who  have  specially  studied  the  finest  specimens  of  old 
glass  at  Chartres  and  elsewhere.  He  attributes  this  fact  not  so  much  to  any 
inherent  difference  between  the  make  of  the  old  glass  and  the  modern — though 
the  more  ancient  glass  was  certainly  less  clear  than  the  modern — but  to  the  fact 
that  glass  when  exposed  to  the  atmosphere  undergoes  a  slow  but  certain  de- 
composition on  its  outer  side,  the  effect  of  which  is  to  render  it  impervious  to  the 
sun's  rays  so  far  as  the  transmission  of  colour  is  concerned,  even  though  the 
colours  of  the  glass  itself  may  appear  as  brilliant  as  ever  to  the  eye. 


12  The  Thirty-Ninth  General  Meeting. 

of  repair  have  been  carried  out — and,  though  the  windows  are  the 
chief  point  of  attraction,  yet  there  is  much  in  the  fabric  that  merits 
attention  also.  The  present  building  was  dedicated  in  1493,  though 
there  are  some  small  remains  visible  of  an  earlier  building  of  the 
thirteenth  or  fourteenth  century.  MR.  WALLER  called  attention 
especially  to  the  richly-carved  screens  with  their  delicate  cresting, 
the  handsome  roofs,  the  good  work  of  the  stalls,  and  the  very 
picturesque  tomb  of  the  founder. 

After  luncheon,  to  which  nearly  one  hundred  members  of  the  party 
sat  down,  a  start  was  made  for  Kempsford — ME.  WALLER  again 
acting  as  cicerone  to  the  very  interesting  Church,  with  its  Norman 
nave,  and  fine  central  tower  and  chancel.  Here,  in  addition  to  many 
other  points  of  interest,  an  excellent  opportunity  was  afforded  of 
comparing  the  very  good  modern  glass  with  the  fine  examples  of 
sixteenth  century  work  just  seen  at  Fairford,  and  in  the  opinion  of 
many,  Mr.  Kempe's  fine  series  of  windows  at  Kempsford,  of  which 
the  Vicar,  Canon  St.  John,  is  justly  proud,  did  not  appear  to  dis- 
advantage in  the  comparison. 

Cricklade  was  the  next  point  made  for — the  Church  of  S.  Sampson, 
with  its  splendid  central  tower,  singularly  interesting  as  being  of  so 
late  a  date,  being  first  visited.  Here  THE  VICAR  (the  Rev.  H.  F. 
Morton)  read  a  short  paper  from  Notes  and  Queries,  by  Mr.  R.  Kinneir, 
on  what  the  writer  regards  as  a  set  of  four  playing  cards  sculptured 
amongst  a  host  of  other  emblems — heraldic,  sacred,  and  nondescript 
—on  the  inside  walls  of  the  tower;  but  inasmuch  as  the  "club"  is 
plainly  a  quatrefoil,  and  the  "  spade  "  bears  no  resemblance  to  the 
figure  on  the  card,  it  seemed  to  the  majority  of  those  present  that 
the  erudite  and  occult  meaning  sought  to  be  imported  into  these 
emblems  was  somewhat  far-fetched. 

MR.  PONTING  followed  with  a  description  of  the  architecture,  and 
then  the  party  divided  between  the  Vicarage  of  S.  Sampson  and 
the  Rectory  of  S.  Mary's,  where  MRS.  MORTON  and  MRS.  McKAYE 
most  kindly  provided  tea. 

St.  Mary's  Church  and  its  beautiful  cross  was  then  visited ;  MR. 
PONTING  again  pointing  out  its  chief  features — after  which  the 
carriages  started  for  Siddington. 


Excursion  on  Thursday,  August  ZM.  13 

MR.  BOWLY'S  grounds  were  first  visited  to  see  the  newly-discovered 
Roman  inscription — on  which  he  had  read  a  paper  the  night  before 
— and  also  a  Roman  tombstone  now  preserved  there.  The  very 
interesting  Church  was  afterwards  seen,  with  its  very  curious  and 
rich  transition  Norman  chancel  arch,  its  tall  tub  font  with  network 
ornament  covering  it,  and  the  fine  south  doorway  with  its  sculptured 
tympanum  and  beak  head  and  chevron-ornament  round  the  arch. 
The  sculpture  in  the  tympanum  presents  a  difficulty  in  the  kneeling 
figure  on  the  right  side.  The  figure  opposite  is  plainly  S.  Peter 
receiving  the  key  from  the  Saviour,  and  it  was  suggested  that 
probably  the  other  kneeling  figure  may  be  that  of  the  donor  or 
builder  of  the  Church. 

Here  some  ancient  glass  was  exhibited  which  had  once  belonged 
to  the  Church,  but  was  now  lying  loose  in  the  house  of  one  of  the 
Churchwardens,  and  the  REV.  W.  BAZELY  called  attention  to  it  and 
expressed,  in  the  name  of  the  Members  of  the  Gloucestershire 
Society,  the  earnest  hope  that  measures  would  at  once  be  taken  to 
have  it  re-inserted  in  the  windows.  This  ended  the  programme  for 
the  day,  and  the  carriages  brought  the  party  back  to  Cirencester  by 
7.30,  after  an  excursion  which  a  fine  bright  day  without  dust,  for 
the  rain  the  day  before  had  laid  it,  and  the  country  looking  its  best, 
combined  with  the  places  visited  to  render  very  delightful  to  those 
who  took  part  in  it. 

THURSDAY,  AUGUST  25ra. 

For  this  day  two  excursions  had  been  arranged,  which  were  open 
to  Members  of  either  Society — the  larger  number  of  the  Gloucester- 
Members  going  by  train  to  Marlborough,  and  driving  thence  to 
Silbury  and  Avebury,  whilst  the  smaller  party,  consisting  mostly 
of  our  Wiltshire  Members,  numbering  twenty-seven,  started  to  visit 
a  series  of  Churches  in  the  extreme  north  of  Wiltshire  which  had 
never  been  visited  by  the  Society  before  and  could  not  readily  be 
reached  from  any  centre  within  the  county  itself. 

Leaving  Cirencester  at  9. 15, the  first  stoppage  was  at  the  charming 
little  hamlet  Church  of  Shorncote,  where,  as  throughout  the  day, 
MR.  PONTING  acted  as  the  Society's  architectural  guide. 


14  The  Thirty-Ninth  General  Meeting. 

Somerford  Keynes,  a  much-scraped  and  "  restored  "  Church,  but 
retaining  a  most  interesting  bit  of  Saxon  work  in  its  north  door, 
came  next,  and  here,  by  the  kindness  of  THE  RECTOR  (the  Rev. 
C.  W,  Faussett),  the  party  was  shown  over  the  fine  old  manor- 
house  adjoining  the  churchyard,  still  retaining  two  rich  Jacobean 
mantelpieces  of  circa  1600 — the  one  downstairs  showing  the  arms 
of  Strange  impaling  those  of  Hungerford. 

The  fine  Church  of  Ashton  Keynes  was  next  on  the  programme, 
with  its  remarkable  Norman  font,  Norman  chancel  arch  (enlarged 
recently),  reredos  over  the  arch  of  the  north  aisle,  and  other  points 
of  interest.  Having  seen  this  the  party  adjourned  to  the  vicarage, 
where  the  REV.  M.  J.  MILLING  had  most  kindly  arranged  his  very 
large  and  valuable  collection  of  Battersea  enamels  for  their  inspection, 
as  well  as  much  good  china,  and  many  other  things  of  interest. 
Lunch  at  the  inn  followed,  and  then  a  move  was  made  for  Minety 
Church,  chiefly  interesting  for  its  good  wood-work,  late  fifteenth 
century  screens,  and  Jacobean  pulpit  and  reading-desk.  Here  the 
REV.  J.  MELLAND  HALL  read  some  notes  on  the  architecture  written 
by  Sir  Stephen  Glynne,  Bart.,  in  1858,  and  THE  VICAR  (the  Rev. 
W.  Butt)  contended  that  neither  the  chancel  screen  nor  the  pulpit 
belonged  originally  to  this  Church,  as  he  said  the  initials  on  the 
panels  of  the  later  did  not  correspond  with  those  of  any  Minety 
churchwardens. 

To  those  Members  whose  tastes  extended  to  flowers  and  gardening 
a  great  treat  was  afforded  by  the  rich  herbaceous  garden  belonging 
to  the  Vicar,  adjoining  the  churchyard.  There  was,  however,  no 
time  to  see  half  the  excellent  things  it  contained,  for  half-an-hour 
might  have  been  well  spent  where  only  five  minutes  were  available. 

Oaksey  Church,  with  its  curious  clerestory  windows,  without  a 
north  aisle,  and  Kemble  Church,  with  its  good  thirteenth  century 
features  (replaced  carefully  when  the  Church  was  re-built  some 
years  ago) ,  were  the  last  items  on  the  programme,  and  after  tea — 
most  kindly  offered  to  the  party  at  the  Manor  House  by  LADY 
CHARLOTTE  BIDDULPH— the  Excursions  of  1892  came  to  an  end, 
and  the  Members  either  returned  to  Cirencester  or  waited  at  Kemble 
Station  for  the  trains  to  convey  them  home. 


15 


on  %  Cjjttwjts  ftistttb  in  1892. 

By  C.  E.  PONTING,  F.S.A. 

S.  SAMPSON'S.      CRICKLADE. 

H  IS  Church  is  in  many  respects  a  very  remarkable  one — it 
is  striking  in  its  proportions  and  it  has  features  and  types 
oTwork  which  are  not  commonly  found. 

There  was  probably  a  Church  here  at  a  very  early  period  if  we 
mav — as  I  think  we  are  fully  justified  in  doing — take  the  two  stones 
now  over  the  inner  doorway  of  the  north  porch,  dating  perhaps  from 
the  tenth  century,  as  evidence  of  it.1 

There  is,  however,  no  part  of  this  early  Church  in  situ.  The 
present  building  is  cruciform,  and  consists  of  a  nave  with  north 
and  south  aisles  of  three  wide  bays,  north  porch,  central  tower  with 
north  and  south  transepts,  and  chancel  with  a  chapel  on  the  south. 
The  eastern  part  of  the  nave  arcades  (two  bays  on  the  north  and 
one  on  the  south)  is  the  earliest  work,  and  may  be  put  down  at 
circa  1180;  in  this  the  Transitional  marks  are  very  pronounced. 
The  arches  are  pointed  and  have  the  unusual  number  of  three  orders 
of  chamfers,  the  two  outer  chamfers  are  carried  down  the  responds, 
the  inner  one  springs  from  half-round  engaged  shafts  with  foliated 
capitals  and  square  abaci  (the  latter  carried  round  the  responds), 
whilst  the  base  mouldings  show  a  decidedly  late  tendency.  The 
west  bay  of  the  north  arcade  has  the  Early  English  feeling  further 
developed,  there  is  the  same  early  type  of  label  as  before,  but  the 
carved  terminals  are  not  earlier  than  1220,  and  the  mouldings  of  the 
capitals  support  this  conclusion.  In  the  two  western  bays  of 
the  south  arcade  the  style  is  fully  developed,  the  clustered  shafts 
and  the  mouldings  of  the  labels  and  capitals  indicate  their  date  as 


1  On  the  visit  of  the  Society  to  the  Church  I  gave  a  description  of  these 
stones,  but  as  they  are  to  be  dealt  with  more  fully  in  the  current  number  of  the 
Magazine  by  Mr.  Romilly  Allen,  I  need  say  nothing  on  the  point. — C.E.P. 


16  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

being  about  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century.  There  are  two 
striking  peculiarities  in  these  arcades — the  great  width  of  the  bays 
and  the  height  of  the  bases.  That  these  peculiarities  have  been 
observed  in  the  later  parts  seems  to  indicate  that  the  latter  were  re- 
built on  older  foundations  and  were  not  extensions  of  the  old  building. 

The  south  aisle,  with  the  exception  of  the  west  end,  was  re-built 
when  the  Church  was  restored  in  1864,  but  the  door  and  the  three- 
light  window  in  the  south  wall  are  old  features  reinstated.  The 
three  single-light  windows  are,  probably,  also  old  (although  the 
scraping  and  renovation  they  have  undergone  renders  identification 
impossible),  if  so  they  would  point  to  this  aisle  having  been  built 
at  the  time  of  the  completion  of  the  south  arcade,  and  to  the  three- 
light  windows  in  the  south  and  west  walls  having  been  inserted 
some  thirty  or  forty  years  later,  when  the  west  end  of  the  nave  was 
erected.  Taking  the  south  aisle  as  the  earliest  part  to  be  erected 
at,  say  1240,  it  is  pretty  clear  that  the  whole  of  the  outside  walls, 
nave,  aisles,  transepts  and  chancel  were  built  at  various  stages 
between  this  and  the  end  of  the  thirteenth  century. 

There  is  no  evidence  of  what  existed  between  the  Transitional- 
Norman  nave  and  the  later  chancel,  both  of  which,  as  well  as  the 
transepts,  existed  before  the  erection  of  the  present  tower — there  is 
little  doubt,  however,  that  there  was  an  early  central  tower. 

The  three-light  window  on  the  south  of  the  south  aisle  and  the 
somewhat  similar  one  in  situ  in  the  west  end,  as  well  as  the  one  in 
the  west  end  of  the  nave,  exhibit  remarkable  types  of  form  and 
detail :  the  former  one  is  very  richly  moulded  and  the  mullions  are 
carried  up  to  the  arch  as  in  Perpendicular  work,  but  the  mouldings, 
the  circular  piercings,  and  the  inside  shafts  indicate  the  date  as 
being  about  1270  or  1280.  The  nine  roof  corbels  of  this  aisle  are 
coeval,  but  have  probably  been  collected  from  different  parts  and 
re-used  here.  It  will  be  seen  on  the  outside  that  the  old  roof  was  a 
lean-to,  rising  to  the  nave  cornice,  and  not  a  span  as  at  present ; 
the  roof  of  the  nave  was  also  of  a  higher  pitch  than  now.  A 
somewhat  remarkable  string-course  of  quite  a  late  section  is 
carried  across  under  the  west  window  of  the  nave  and  south  aisle 
on  the  outside,  and  it  has  been  continued  along  the  south  in  the 


By  C.  E.  Ponting,   F.S.A.  17 

modern  re-building1.  Near  the  east  end  of  this  aisle,  inside,  is  a 
coeval  piscina,  also  a  squint  of  large  size,  cut  through  the  deep 
eastern  respond  of  the  arcade — the  direction  of  this  squint  is  west- 
ward, and  it  can  only  have  been  for  use  between  nave  and  aisle.  (A 
modern  similar  squint  has  been  cut  through  the  respond  on  the  north 
side  )  The  arch  between  the  south  aisle  and  transept  is  a  modern 
one,  but  old  bases  have  been  re-used. 

The  north  aisle  has  features  distinct  from  the  rest,  the  doorway  is 
richer  and  the  two   single   lancets  westward  of  it  with  the  inner 
splays  carried  round   the  arch,  the  moulded  inner  arch  and  angle 
shafts,  are  of  a  different  type,  the  moulded  string  below  the  sills  was 
formerly  carried  across  the  west  end  on  the  inside,  and  on  the  outside 
the  sill   string  and  the  label  are  similarly  returned,  although  the 
latter  has  been  cut  away  for  the  insertion  of  the  later  west  window. 
The  eastern  part  of  the  north  aisle  appears  to  have  been  re-modelled 
late  in  the  fourteenth  century,  when  it  was  probably  dedicated  as  a 
special  chantry — it  is  called  the  Widhill  aisle  and  belongs  to  Lord 
Radnor  as  lord  of  the  manor  of  that  name,  and  it  was  formerly  screened 
off  from  the  rest.     Two  windows  were  then  inserted  in  the  side  wall 
(the  earlier  outside  string-course  having  been  lowered  for  the  purpose), 
the  piece  of  wall  between  was  re-built  and  the  altar-tomb  erected. 
A  west  window  of  five  lights  was  inserted  at  the  same  time  and  the 
gable  over  re-built.     The  tomb   is  recessed  into  the  wall  and  has 
flanking  pinnacles   and   crocketted  canopy,  the  arch  of  which  is 
cusped    and   enriched   with  the  ball-flower  ornament;  the  front  has 
quatrefoiled   panels.     The  effigy,  until  quite  recently,   lay  in  the 
churchyard.     Tradition  states  it  to  have  been  taken  from  this  tomb, 
and  it  certainly  appears  to  correspond  to  it  in  dimensions  and — so  far 
as  can  be  judged  from  its   mutilated  appearance — in  style.     The 
chancel  was  also  re-modelled  at  about  this  time  (circa  1350 — 70), 
the  lower  part  of  the  east  wall  with  the  string  under  the  window 
and  the  priests'  door  on  the  north  remain  of  the  thirteenth  century 
work,  but  the  rest  was  re-built  with  the  exception  of  the  two  angle 
buttresses,  which  have  obviously  been  added  to  the  earlier  wall  and 
may  be  a  century  later — probably  coeval  with  the  chapel.    The  three- 
light  windows  on  the  north  and  south  of  the  sanctuary  are  similar 

VOL,    XXVII. — NO.    LXXIX.  C 


18  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

in  design  to  those  in  the  Widhill  Aisle,  and  although  the  mouldings 
are  different  there  are  the  same  bosses  and  general  type  of  tracery 
(The  east  window  of  the  chancel  is  an  insertion  of  1864,  and  the 
roof  is  also  modern).  The  north  transept  retains  its  thirteenth 
century  wall  and  single  lancet  on  the  east  side;  the  south  transept 
has  portions  of  a  thirteenth  century  buttress  left,  but  the  rest  has 
been  re-built  within  recent  times.  Both  transepts  were  re-modelled 
in  the  fifteenth  century,  when  the  parapets  with  crocketted  pinnacles 
were  added;  the  buttress  at  the  north-east  angle  of  the  north 
transept  is  evidently  an  addition  to  the  earlier  wall,  the  adjoining 
parts  of  which  have  been  re-built ;  this  was  probably  done  and  the 
north  window  inserted  at  the  same  time.  A  wall  with  late  doorway 
in  it  now  divides  the  north  aisle  from  the  transept — the  latter  has  a 
Decorated  piscina  in  the  east  wall. 

The  south  chapel  was  erected  during  the  last  quarter  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  probably  by  Sir  Edmund  Hungerford,  who  died  1484,  and 
was  the  first  of  the  family  to  reside  at  Down  Ampney ;  like  all  the 
work  done  at  about  this  time  by  that  family  of  great  Church-builders 
it  is  rich  and  good.  The  chapel  has  four-centred  moulded  arches 
on  the  north  and  west  walls  communicating  with  the  chancel  and 
transept,  and  four-light  windows  in  the  south  and  east.  The  east 
window  has  an  elaborately  enriched  niche  on  each  side,  the  corbel  of 
which  is  supported  by  hollow-sided  semi-octagonal  shafts  starting 
from  the  floor.  The  latter  has  been  much  raised,  and  the  bases  are 
hidden,  the  whole  of  this  rich  work  has  unfortunately  shared  in  the 
scraping  process  which  has  destroyed  the  interest  in  so  much  of  the 
work  here.  On  the  south  niche  is  the  initial  letter  "  H,"  and  on 
the  north  are  the  letters  "  M — R )}  blended,  probably  the  monogram 
of  the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  inner 
mouldings  of  the  jambs  are  cut  away  up  to  about  the  height  of 
the  figures,  and  apparently  for  the  purpose  of  admitting  them.  The 
coeval  piscina  exists  under  the  south  window,  although  its  bowl  is 
gone ;  the  low  level  of  this  feature  also  indicates  the  raising  of  the 
floor;  there  is  a  recess  for  the  altar  under  the  east  window.  A  good 
Elizabethan  table  now  stands  here,  it  might  have  been  substituted 
when  the  stone  altar  was  removed. 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  19 

A  curious  feature  exists  at  the  south  east  angle  of  this  chapel— a 
detached  buttress  with  a  flying  arch  carried  across  to  the  angle  of 
the  building,  and  bearing  the  date  1569.  This  seems  to  indicate  a 
laudable  desire  on  the  part  of  Sir  John  Hungerford  to  support  the 
chapel  erected  by  his  ancestors  :  if  so,  however  good  his  intention, 
it  has  not  had  the  effect  he  desired,  for  the  buttress  was  recently 
falling  away  from  the  wall  and  the  arch  had  to  be  wedged  up  to 
prevent  its  falling. 

The  nave  appears  to  have  been  re-roofed  in  the  fifteenth  century, 
for,  although  the  roof  has  given  way  to  a  modern  one,  the  corbels 
remain.  The  nave  has  no  clerestory.  The  font  is  an  octagonal  one 
of  the  fifteenth  century  with  panelled  sides  to  both  bowl  and  shaft. 

The  porch  might  have  been  erected  when  the  tower  was  built — 
the  abacus  and  label  of  the  arch  indicate  a  similar  mixture  of  styles, 
and  the  niche  (or  stoup)  in  the  west  wall  exhibits  the  same  coarseness 
of  detail.  There  is  a  quatrefbil  light  in  the  east  wall  with  a  niche 
over  which  looks  like  late  fifteenth  century  work. 

The  tower  is  a  marvellous  specimen  of  post-Reformation  Gothic 
work  :  the  Vicar  has  kindly  undertaken  to  describe  it  and  to  point 
out  how  the  heraldry  fixes  its  date  at  between  October,  1551,  and 
August,  1553.  I  need,  therefore,  only  say  a  few  words  on  its 
architectural  features.  The  proportions  of  the  tower  are  magnificent, 
and  the  precedents  set  by  those  of  Mere  and  S.  Peter's,  Marlborough, 
have  been  followed  in  the  bold  octagonal  buttresses  surmounted  by 
pinnacles  ;  the  pinnacles  and  the  wall  space  between  them  are 
panelled  and  the  latter  ornamented  by  a  deep  pierced  parapet ;  the 
belfry  windows  are  singularly  small  and  are  evidently  intended  to 
appear  more  as  part  of  the  system  of  panelling  than  as  distinct 
features.  Inside  there  are  arches  on  the  four  sides  with  a  lantern 
stage  above,  having  a  three-light  window  in  each  of  the  north, 
south,  and  west  faces,  and  a  two-light  with  niche  between  in  the 
east  face,  open  to  the  interior ;  the  ceiling  over  this  is  groined,  and 
there  are  various  devices  on  the  bosses  which  will  be  dealt  with  by 
Mr.  Morton.  Catholic  symbols  are  largely  displayed  in  the  details  j 
the  west  side  towards  the  nave  has  been  treated  as  a  reredos  of  three 
niches  on  each  side  of  the  central  arch — these  niches  are  shallow 

c  2 


20  Notes  on  the  Chiwches  visited  in  1892. 

and  never  had  figures  in  them,  but  the  central  one  has  a  projecting1 
canopy  and  a  cresting  is  carried  along  over  the  whole.  There  was 
evidently  a  rood  screen  with  the  loft  eastward  of  the  eastern  arch ; 
access  to  the  loft  was  gained  by  a  door  from  the  turret  staircase, 
and  the  corbel  which  supported  it  still  remains  in  the  south  wall  of 
the  chancel  :  there  are  also  marks  of  the  beams  in  the  jambs  of  the 
arch,  and  the  mouldings  stop  at  the  point  where  the  cove,  or  floor 
of  the  loft,  would  begin.  There  is  an  arched  opening  for  the  sanctus 
bell  on  the  north  side  near  the  top,  in  such  a  position  that  the 
attendant  on  the  floor  of  the  Church  might  see  the  priest  either  at 
the  high  altar  or  that  in  the  Hungerford  Chapel.  The  general 
effect  of  all  this  work  is  fine  and  dignified,  but  the  details  are  coarse 
and  exhibit  a  free  use  of  those  employed  in  the  thirteenth,  fourteenth 
and  fifteenth  centuries.  The  builders  of  this  tower  evidently  had 
before  them  the  tower  of  Fairford,  which  had  probably  only  been 
erected  a  short  time  previous.  There  is  a  striking  resemblance  in 
the  inside  arrangement  of  the  lantern,  the  cusped  panels  across  the 
angles  between  the  piers,  the  shallow  sham  niches  and  the  coarseness 
of  the  details — these  parallels  can  hardly  have  been  accidental. 
The  frescoes  on  the  stonework  at  Fairford  bespeak  a  somewhat  earlier 
date  than  this.  As  showing  the  way  in  which  local  types  were 
followed  I  may  mention  Kempsford  as  a  third  instance  of  the 
internal  angles  of  the  tower  being  cut  off  to  form  an  irregular 
octagon  on  plan. 

There  are  the  remains  of  two  crosses  in  the  churchyard — both  of 
fifteenth  century  date.  The  richer  and  more  complete  one  was 
formerly  a  market  or  village  cross,  and  was  removed  to  its  present 
position ;  it  has  an  octagonal  shaft  and  base,  with  quatrefoil  panels 
on  the  sides  of  the  latter.  The  head  is  an  oblong  on  plan — each  of 
the  sides  has  a  double  canopied  niche,  and  each  end  a  single  one — all 
the  figures  are  missing.  There  are  buttresses  at  the  angles  supported 
by  angels  holding  shields,  the  pinnacles  are  broken  away.  There 
are  only  the  plain  base  and  part  of  the  stem  of  the  original  church- 
yard cross  left,  near  the  north  entrance  to  the  Church. 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A. 


Note  on  tfje  PJeratorg  of  tfje  Cotoer  of  S.  Sampon% 

Olrickla&c. 

I  am  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  the  Rev.  H.  J.  Morton,  Vicar  of  S.  Sampson's, 
for  the  use  of  the  following  notes  by  Dr.  R.  Kinneir  on  the  evidence  as  to  the 
date  of  the  tower  from  the  heraldry  carved  upon  it.  [EDITOB.] 

In  the  lantern  of  the  tower  over  the  south  arch  is  the  well-known  cognizance  or 
badge  of  the  Earls  of  Warwick,  the  "  Bear  and  Ragged  Staff  "  ;  and  near  this  is 
the  badge  of  the  Dukes  of  Northumberland,  viz.,  "  the  Orescent."  Over  the 
eastern  arch  is  the  banner  of  Warwick,  "  the  Silver  Saltire  and  Red  Rose ; "  and 
alongside  it  the  "Checquey"  banner  of  Northumberland — each  banner  staff 
resting  on  and  supported  by  a  heart. 

Britton,  in  his  Topographical  Sketches  of  North  Wilts,  says  that  the  tower 
was  re-built  by  subscription,  and  that  many  persons  of  distinction  possessing 
property  in  Cricklade  and  the  neighbourhood  contributed  largely  to  it,  and  he 
mentions  the  Earls  of  Warwick,  whose  device  he  says  is  sculptured  on  the  tower. 
Britton  was  unable  to  say  which  of  the  Earls  of  Warwick  was  the  benefactor. 
The  presence  of  the  silver  crescent,  however,  proves  that  it  was  John  Dudley, 
who  was  created  Earl  of  Warwick  in  February,  1547,  Duke  of  Northumberland 
in  October,  1551,  and  beheaded  August  22nd,  1553  :  for  no  other  Earl  of 
Warwick  was  ever  entitled  to  bear  the  badge  and  banner  of  Northumberland. 
The  building  of  the  tower  is,  therefore,  probably  fixed  between  October,  1551, 
and  August,  1553.  John  Dudley,  son  of  Edmund  Dudley,  a  lawyer  convicted 
of  high  treason  and  beheaded  in  1510,  was  created  Lord  Lisle  by  Henry  VIII. 
and  named  one  of  the  executors  of  his  will.  Gaining  great  influence  over  Edward 
VI.  he  was  by  him  created  Earl  of  Warwick  and  Duke  of  Northumberland.  He 
married  Jane,  daughter  of  Sir  Edward  Guildford,  Lord  Warden  of  the  Cinque 
Ports.  The  badge  of  the  Lord  Warden  of  the  Cinque  Ports,  "  a  Rose  in  the 
Sunbeams,"  is  sculptured  near  the  ''  Bear  and  Ragged  Staff  "  over  the  southern 
arch. 

John  Dudley,  one  of  his  seven  sons,  married  Anne,  daughter  of  the  Protector, 
Edward,  Duke  of  Somerset,  and  in  1549  had  a  grant  from  the  Crown  of  the 
manors  of  Little  Chelworth  and  Calcutt  in  the  parish  of  Cricklade. 

Sir  Walter  Hungerford,  of  Farley  Castle— son  of  Sir  Thomas,  who  purchased 
the  manor  of  Down  Ampney  in  1374  and  died  in  1398 — married  Catherine, 
daughter  of  Sir  Thomas  Peverell,  who  owned  property  in  Cricklade.  He  was 
created  Baron  Hungerford,  of  Heytesbury,  in  1426,  was  made  K.G.,  Steward  of 
the  Household,  High  Treasurer,  and  Lord  High  Admiral,  and  in  1427  obtained 
from  the  Crown  a  grant  of  the  manor  of  Cricklade,  including  the  advowson  of 
S.  Sampson's  Church.  He  died  in  1449,  leaving  by  his  will  the  advowson  of 
S.  Sampson's,  the  Parsonage  Farm,  the  rectorial  tithes,  as  well  as  the  manor  of 
Abington  Court  (a  manor  within  the  manor  and  borough  of  Cricklade),  to  the 
Dean  and  Chapter  of  Salisbury,  who  are  the  present  patrons.  He  also  bequeathed 
lands  and  premises  in  Cricklade  for  the  perpetual  maintenance  of  an  obit  (or 
anniversary  service)  to  be  held  in  the  Lady  Chapel  of  S.  Sampson's  Church. 
[After  the  Reformation,  by  an  order  from  the  Lord  Chancellor  in  1566,  these 


22  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

lands,  &c.,  were  conveyed  to  certain  feoffees  in  trust  to  expend  the  annual  rents 
in  repairing  and  maintaining  the  highways  in  and  about  the  town  of  Cricklade. 
This  trust  still  continues  in  operation.]  He  bequeathed  the  manor  of  Down. 
Ampney  to  his  second  son.  Sir  Edmund  Hungerford,  who  died  in  1484,  leaving 
a  son,  Sir  Thomas,  who  died  in  1494.  His  son,  Sir  Anthony,  was  living  at 
Down  Ampney  and  was  lord  of  the  manor  of  Cricklade  in  the  reigns  of  Henry 
VIII.,  Edward  VI.,  and  Mary,  and  doubtless  contributed  largely  to  the  building 
of  the  tower,  as  his  arms  and  badges  testify.  He  died  in  1558.  His  son,  Sir 
John  Hungerford,  built  the  existing  flying  buttresses  of  tbe  Lady  Chapel  in 
1569,  as  well  as  a  market  house  in  the  High  Street  which  was  pulled  down  in 
1812. 

The  original  badge  of  the  Hungerfords  was  the  sickle— this,  allied  with  the 
pepper  garb  of  Peverell,  formed  the  Hungerford  crest : — out  of  a  ducal  coronet, 
or,  a  pepper  garb  of  the  first  between  two  sickles  proper.  This  can  be  seen 
over  the  north  arch  of  the  tower — as  well  as  the  admiral's  flag  ship  of  Walter, 
Lord  Hungerford,  on  which  is  displayed  his  banner  and  arms. 

On  the  outside  of  the  tower  is  the  "  Catherine  Wheel,"  another  Htingerford 
"badge  (cf.  Hutching'*  Dorset,  vol.  iii.,  p.  422,  new  edition). 

S.  MARY'S.      CRICKLADE. 

By  comparison  with  S.  Sampson's  this  Church  is  a  somewhat 
unpretending  structure,  but  it  can  claim  seniority  as  regards  work 
in  situ,  although  not  as  regards  the  collateral  evidence  afforded  by 
portable  relics,  and  it  well  repays  careful  study. 

The  plan  consists  of  nave  with  north  and  south  aisles,  south  porch 
and  western  tower,  and  chancel  with  north  chapel. 

The  oldest  work  is  the  chancel  arch,  which  is  a  richly-wrought 
specimen  of  the  purest  Norman  period — circa  1120  to  1150.  The 
arch  is  a  semi-circular  one  of  two  orders,  enriched  on  the  west  face 
only — the  inner  order  has  a  plain  flat  soffit,  and  on  the  face  are  the 
roll  moulding  and  a  kind  of  stud  ornament ;  on  the  outer  order  is 
cut  the  usual  chevron,  the  pattern  diminishing  in  size  from  the 
springing  upwards.  Each  order  is  supported  by  engaged  shafts 
worked  on  the  jambs,  the  bases  being  moulded  and  having  the  so- 
called  stud  ornament,  with  square  plinth  below. 

The  work  next  in  date  is  that  of  the  two  lower  stages  of  the  tower, 
which  are  evidently  late  thirteenth  century — the  arch  by  which  the 
lower  stage  communicates  with  the  nave  has  chamfers  dying  on  to 
the  square  jambs,  the  latter  has  a  chamfer  below  with  pretty  traceried 
stop,  the  west  window  is  a  single  lancet  with  trefoil  head,  and  there 


By  C.  K  Pouting,  F.S.A.  23 

are  two  plain  lancets  in  the  middle  stage;  the  buttresses  were 
apparently  added  and  the  top  stage  erected  circa  1400.  The  latter 
has  single  light  windows  in  the  north  and  south  faces,  the  original 
roof  does  not  exist. 

The  walls  of  the  north  aisle  appear  to  be  thirteenth  century  work, 
and  there  are  two  lancet  windows  in  the  south  aisle,  but  as  this 
part  of  the  Church  was  apparently  re-built  when  the  debased 
Perpendicular  windows  were  put  in  both  aisles,  it  is  impossible  to 
say  that  they  are  in  their  old  positions.  Much  of  this  work  has 
since  been  renewed.  There  is  also  a  lancet  window  in  the  east 
gable  of  the  chapel,  but  this  is  also  set  in  a  later  wall,  and  has  a 
wooden  inside  arch. 

No  Decorated  work  is  traceable  in  this  Church. 

The  nave  arcades  of  three  bays  each  and  the  roofs  of  nave  and 
aisles  appear  to  have  been  constructed  at  about  the  middle  of  the 
fifteenth  century.  The  arcades  have  somewhat  depressed  arches 
which  look  later,  but  the  period  I  name  is  seen  in  the  moulding  of 
the  caps  and  bases ;  the  columns  are  octagonal  and  stand  on  high 
plinths;  the  east  responds  are  deep,  and  pierced  with  openings 
7ft.  Gin.  high  and  3ft.  3in.  wide  to  clear  the  coeval  squints  which 
exist  on  either  side  of  the  chancel  arch,  and  are  splayed  in  the 
direction  of  the  high  altar.  The  roof  of  the  nave  is  a  plain  one  of 
trussed  rafters  with  tie-beams  in  three  bays;  those  of  the  aisles  are 
divided  into  four  bays — the  principals  and  panelled  cornice  only 
remain.  The  west  windows  of  the  aisles  appear  to  be  coeval  with 
this  work,  and  earlier  than  those  in  the  side  walls. 

The  chapel  is  of  unusually  small  dimensions,  and  was  probably 
re-erected  about  1450  ;  the  arch  between  it  and  the  aisle  shows  that 
a  chapel  stood  here  prior  to  that  date :  it  is  apparently  a  semicircular 
arch  with  flat  soffit  and  small  chamfers  on  the  edges ;  it  extends 
beyond  the  north  wall  of  the  aisle— the  present  chapel  is  2ft.  wider 
than  the  aisle.  A  flat  buttress  outside,  opposite  this  arch,  looks 
earlier  than  the  rest  of  the  wall  and  the  diagonal  north-east  buttress. 
There  is  a  three-light  square-head  window  in  the  side  wall,  and  the 
lancet  before  referred  to  is  built  into  the  east  gable.  The  roof  is  a 
good  specimen  with  moulded  principals,  purlins  and  ridge-piece; 


24  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

the  rafters  also  have  a  cavetto  mould  on  the  edge.  The  arch  opening 
into  the  chancel  is  coeval  with  the  re-building-. 

The  south  wall  of  the  chancel  has  been  re-built,  and  new  windows 
inserted  here  and  in  the  east  wall ;  the  remainder  is  late  Perpen- 
dicular work,  including  the  two-light  window  on  the  north  and  the 
priests'*  door  on  the  south.  The  walls  and  roof  of  the  porch  are  old 
work  of  this  date,  but  the  framing  is  modern.  The  bowl  of  the 
font  is  a  thirteenth  century  one,  apparently  reduced  in  height,  and 
set  on  a  new  base.  The  pulpit  is  a  good  specimen  of  Jacobean  work 
—its  door  has  been  taken  off  and  put  away  in  the  tower. 

The  churchyard  cross  is  an  unusually  complete  one,  and  is  similar 
in  design  and  date  to  the  village  cross  now  standing  in  S.  Sampson's 
churchyard,  but  more  complete.  It  stands  on  three  steps,  the  base 
is  square  but  worked  to  an  octagon  at  the  top ;  the  shaft  is  octagonal 
and  the  head  is  oblong  in  plan  and  has  buttresses  (which  have  lost 
their  pinnacles)  at  the  angles  springing  from  cherubs  holding 
shields  j  the  central  finial  is  missing.  The  sculptured  subjects 
remain  almost  intact,  although  weather-beaten ;  on  the  south,  facing 
the  path,  is  the  Assumption  of  the  Virgin ;  on  the  north  a  bishop 
holding  his  crozier  j  on  the  west  a  crucifix  with  S.  Mary  and  S. 
John ;  and  on  the  east  a  queen  and  a  knight.  It  is  probable  that 
this  head  has  been  reversed,  for  the  crucifix  would  almost  certainly 
have  been  originally  placed  on  the  east  face,  towards  the  road. 

ALL  SAINTS'.       SHORNCOTE. 

Although  very  small  this  Church  is  of  exceeding  interest.  It 
was  apparently  erected  at  about  1120—30  as  nave  and  chancel  only, 
and  the  only  additions  to  this  simple  plan  are  a  chapel  on  the  north 
of  the  nave  and  a  porch  on  the  south,  both  built  during  the  latter 
half  of  the  fourteenth  century,  when  some  re-modelling  of  the  older 
work  took  place.  With  the  exception  of  the  parts  disturbed  for 
this  the  Norman  walls  remain.  Thus  the  north,  south,  and  east 
walls  of  the  nave  and  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel  are  Norman 
work.  This  is  somewhat  difficult  to  trace  in  the  chancel,  but  by  a 
close  inspection  of  the  north  wall  it  will  be  seen  that  there  are  traces 
of  the  base  of  the  pilaster  buttress  at  the  north-east  angle  (with 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A. 


25 


this  exception,  by  the  way,  there  is  no  buttress  about  the  building), 
and  that  the  later  windows  are  evidently  inserted  in  an  older  wall — 
different  mortar  being  used ;  there  is  also  a  piece  of  an  early  window 
sill  between  these ;  moreover  there  exists  on  the  inside  of  this  wall 
some  thirteenth  century  colour  decoration,  which  indicates  a  wall 
older  than  the  windows  which  now  appear.  The  chancel  archway 
is  the  most  remarkable  of  the  Norman  features.  It  is  only  3ft.  7in. 
wide  between  the  jambs,  whilst  it  is  7ft.  lOin.  high  from  the  nave 
floor  to  the  springing  of  the  arch,  where  there  is  a  moulded  impost. 
A  filleted  roll  serves  as  shafts  on  the  west  angles  of  the  jambs,  and 
it  is  carried  on  as  a  plain  roll  round  the  arch,  the  soffit  of  which  is 
otherwise  plain ;  the  arch  is  slightly  pointed  and  the  label  has  the 
billet  mould.  The  north  and  south  doorways  of  the  nave  are  of  the 
same  date— the  latter  is  a  plain  one,  but  the  former  has  shafts  with 
carved  capitals  and  moulded  bases  at  the  outer  angles  of  the  jambs 
and^a  filleted  roll  carried  round  the  arch  and  outside  label. 

The  west  wall  of  the  nave  was  evidently  re-built  when  the  two- 
light  window  was  inserted  circa  1370 — the  date  to  which  I  assign 
the  re-modelling  and  additions  above  referred  to.  A  two-light 
window  was  at  the  same  time  inserted  in  the  south  wall  near  the 
pulpit,  and  this  retains  its  old  stanchion  bars  with  arrow-head 
terminals.  The  gabled  bell-turret  of  the  same  date  over  the  east  wall 
of  the  nave  is  a  beautiful  feature — -it  consists  of  two  arched  bays 
with  quatrefoil  openings  in  the  gables  over  them  ;  the  mullion  on 
each  side  between  the  arches  is  in  the  form  of  a  buttress ;  a  similar 
feature  occurs  on  each  side  against  the  solid  end.  A  modern  iron 
cross  and  cock  have  taken  the  place  of  the  ancient  terminal,  which 
was  probably  of  stone,  and  only  one  of  the  two  bells  remains. 

The  north  chapel  opens  from  the  nave  by  means  of  a  plain  slightly 
pointed  arch  with  the  chamfers  carried  down  the  jambs.  There  is 
a  two-light  pointed  window  in  the  north  gabled  wall  with  heavy 
cusped  inner  arch ;  the  west  window  is  a  two-light  square-headed 
one.  A  nice  piscina  with  semi-octagonal  bowl  and  a  shelf  is  formed 
in  the  respond  of  the  arch,  and  a  rude  niche  (which  looks  very  late) 
built  up  of  old  stones  occurs  in  the  east  wall. 

The  south  porch  of  about  the  same  date  (circa  1370)  has  the  capitals 


26  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

of  Norman  shafts  re-used  at  the  springing  of  the  outer  archway ; 
there  are  no  shafts  and  the  later  jamb  mouldings  stop  under  these 
capitals. 

The  chancel  has  two  north  and  two  south  (the  latter  differing 
slightly  in  detail)  two-light  square-headed  Perpendicular  windows, 
and  in  the  sill  of  the  one  on  the  south  of  the  sanctuary  a  square 
piscina  is  inserted,  the  bowl  somewhat  rudely  carved  with  three 
fishes,  this  carving  was  evidently  returned  on  the  sides  before  the 
bowl  occupied  its  present  position ;  the  east  window  is  a  pointed  one 
of  two  lights  with  semi-circular  inner  arch,  on  the  north  of  this 
exists  part  of  a  heavy  chamfered  string-course,  Gin.  thick,  which 
was  doubtless  carried  across  under  the  previous  Norman  window  and 
formed  a  ledge  some  Hin.  wide.  With  the  exception  of  this  north 
part  of  the  east  wall  both  it  and  the  south  wall  were  re-built  at  the 
date  of  the  windows.  A  priests'  door  was  at  the  same  time  built  in 
the  south  wall  and  between  this  and  the  sanctuary  window  is  a 
square  aumbry  which  once  had  a  shutter. 

Between  the  two  north  windows  is  a  broad  low-arched  recess,  some 
8ft.  wide,  1ft.  9in.  high  to  the  springing,  and  lOjin.  into  the  wall, 
the  arch  is  richly  cusped  and  the  sill  is  some  4ft  from  the  present 
floor.  This  must  have  been  let  into  the  Norman  wall.  It  is  difficult 
to  assign  any  use  to  it  excepting  as  an  Easter  sepulchre,  or  aumbry. 

The  roofs,  which  were  put  on  throughout  when  the  Church  was 
altered  and  enlarged  (circa  1370),  are  well  preserved.  Those  to  the 
nave  and  chapel  are  of  the  trussed-rafter  type  with  cavetto  mould 
on  principal  ribs,  purlins  and  ridge-piece.  That  to  the  chancel  is  a 
plastered  barrel  vault  divided  into  panels  by  oak  ribs  having  carved 
bosses  at  the  intersections.  This  was  probably  intended  to  receive 
colour. 

Between  the  jambs  of  the  chancel  arch  are  a  pair  of  late  Decorated 
doors — doubtless  part  of  the  rood-screen  which  once  came  in  front 
of  the  arch  :  the  staircase  to  the  rood-loft  has  been  removed,  but 
traces  can  be  seen  in  the  south  wall  of  the  nave,  the  doorway  having 
a  wooden  arch.  Parts  of  coeval  stall  ends  are  made  up  in  the  prayer 
desk  now  in  the  nave.  The  pulpit  with  sounding  board  is  of  the 
time  of  Queen  Anne.  Over  the  chancel  arch  are  the  royal  arms  of 


jSy  C.  E.   Pouting,  F.S  A.  27 

the  reign  of  George  I.  or  II.  The  font  is  a  plain  circular  one  with 
moulded  deep  base — perhaps  of  thirteenth  century  date. 

On  the  north  and  east  walls  of  the  chancel  are  the  remains  of 
colour  decoration  before  referred  to.  It  is  of  the  masonry  pattern 
usual  in  the  thirteenth  century  and  has  a  foliated  band  along  the 
top,  a  cross  is  painted  in  the  centre  of  the  north  wall,  evidently  a 
restoration  of  an  older  painted  cross,  traces  of  which  are  seen.  The 
glass  of  the  east  window  bears  the  Berkeley  arms.  There  are 
thirteenth  century  gravestones  or  coffin  slabs  in  the  sill  of  the 
chancel  window,  in  the  jamb  of  the  west  window  of  the  nave,  and 
in  the  outside  quoins  of  the  chapel. 

The  Norman  work  has  suffered  much  from  subsidence  of  the 
foundations  and  the  spreading  of  the  walls ;  that  this  is  of  old 
standing  is  shown  by  the  south-west  quoin  having  been  re-built  in 
the  fourteenth  century  to  a  vertical  line  against  the  leaning  older 
wall. 

There  are  two  rude  sun-dials  cut  on  the  inner  doorway  of  the 
porch,  which  indicates  that  their  date  is  anterior  to  that  of  the  porch 
itself;  two  others  are  on  the  south  wall  of  the  nave;  a  late  niche 
occurs  over  the  south  door. 

In  the  wall  of  a  cottage  near  the  Church  is  a  stone  containing 
one  bay  of  an  arcaded  pattern — this  is  very  small  and  might  have 
formed  part  of  the  side  of  a  font  of  Norman  work. 

ALL  SAINTS'.      SOMEEFORD  KEYNES. 

Nave  with  south  porch  and  two-bay  north  aisle,  chancel  with 
north  chapel,  and  western  tower. 

This  Church  contains  the  earliest  work  to  be  found  in  situ  in  any 
Wiltshire  Church  we  visit  during  this  Meeting.  There  can  be  no 
question  that  the  western  half  of  the  north  wall  of  the  nave  and  the 
doorway  (now  blocked  up)  are  pre-Norman,  and  I  am  of  opinion 
that  the  plaster  to  be  seen  on  the  outside  is  the  original  Saxon 
coating,  for  it  appears  to  have  been  an  almost  invariable  practice  in 
the  pre-Norman  period  to  coat  the  whole  of  the  exterior  of  the  walls 
with  plaster,  and  the  composition  of  it  in  this  case  is  similar  to 
that  found  elsewhere  and  proved  to  belong  to  that  early  time. 


28  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

The  doorway  itself  is  a  very  typical  piece  of  Saxon  work — it 
has  the  usual  long-arid-short  work  in  the  jambs,  an  impost  of  two 
rudely-worked  chamfers ;  the  head  formed  out  of  a  single  stone 
rudely  shaped  as  an  arch,  with  two  raised  cable-pattern  bands  over, 
stopping  on  a  plain  roll.  The  form  and  proportions  of  the  opening 
are  characteristic  :  the  width  is  only  2ft.  5in.  at  the  base,  and  it 
tapers  to  2ft.  4in.  at  tjie  impost,  while  the  width  of  the  arched  part 
above  the  impost  is  only  1ft.  9in. 

The  building  of  the  tower  has  obliterated  the  quoin  at  the  north- 
west, but  the  work  up  to  the  tower  buttress  is  Saxon.  The  piece 
of  sculpture  placed  inside  the  doorway  appears  to  be  coeval — two 
heads  biting  a  ball. 

At  about  the  end  of  the  twelfth  century  a  north  aisle  of  two  bays 
was  thrown  out  from  the  eastern  half  of  the  nave,  and  the  chancel 
and  chancel  arch  built,  or  the  whole  of  the  nave  and  chancel,  except 
the  part  before  described,  may  have  been  re-built  at  this  time.  The 
chancel  arch  has  two  orders  of  chamfers  on  both  arch  and  jamb, 
with  square  impost  and  no  label;  the  arches  of  the  arcade  are 
pointed  and  similarly  chamfered.  The  shaft  and  base  of  the  central 
column  are  cylindrical,  whilst  the  carved  capital  is  octagonal ;  the 
arches  are  carried  at  the  responds  on  corbel  shafts  with  capitals  of 
similar  date  (one  of  which  has  been  renewed) .  The  aisle  itself  has 
been  quite  recently  renewed. 

Of  the  chancel  of  this  period  only  portions  of  the  north  and  east 
walls  remain,  with  one  small  lancet  window  in  situ  in  the  former. 
This  window  has  its  sill  high  up  from  the  floor,  and  the  opening  is 
only  7in,  wide  ;  it  has  no  label,  and  the  deep  splay  on  the  inside  is 
carried  round  the  arch.  The  rest  of  the  chancel,  including  the  east 
window,  has  been  re-built,  and  much  of  it  is  new  work.  A  new 
organ  chamber  with  its  arch  occupies  part  of  the  north  side.  The 
inside  arch  of  the  east  window  of  this  is  old.  A  two-light  thirteenth 
century  window  has  been  replaced  in  the  south  wall  of  the  sanctuary, 
and  its  inner  sill  carried  down  as  sedilia;  near  it  is  a  coeval  piscina 
with  trefoil  arch  and  circular  bowl. 

The  south  side  of  the  nave,  although  re-built,  is  full  of  interest. 
The  doorway  is  apparently  coeval  with  the  aisle  arcade  and  chancel 


Elevation  of  Saxon  Doorway,  Somerford  Keynes. 
[From  the  Illustrated  Archaeologist,  June,    1893.] 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  29 

arch ;  its  arch  is  slightly  pointed,  and  there  is  an  unusual  sunk 
moulding  carried  round  the  arch  and  jambs.  There  is  a  label  outside 
with  head  terminals.  The  three  two-light  windows  eastward  of  the 
porch  are  insertions  of  varying  dates,  and  afford  quite  a  study  in  the 
advance  of  tracery.  The  easternmost  one,  which  I  date  at  1240, 
has  the  earliest  form  of  tracery,  known  as  "  plate "  tracery.  The 
heads  are  tref oiled,  and  a  circular  opening  is  cut  through  between 
them ;  the  middle  one  is  probably  fifty  years  later,  and  indicates  a 
distinct  advance — the  heads  of  the  openings  are  still  trefoiled,  but 
the  cusping  is  detached,  and  the  central  piercing  is  a  trefoil.  The 
one  next  the  porch  is  a  late  Decorated  (almost  Transitional)  window 
of  circa  1360;  the  lights  have  ogee-arched  heads  with  cinquefoil 
piercings  over.  The  two  windows  near  the  west  end  in  the  north 
and  south  walls  are  modern,  as  also  are  the  roofs  throughout. 

The  tower  is  a  late  Perpendicular  one  of  three  stages  with  diagonal 
buttresses,  parapet  and  pinnacles.  The  three-light  west  window  is 
a  good  type,  with  transom  in  the  tracery ;  the  rest  of  the  work  is 
very  debased.  The  arch  is  new,  but  the  old  jambs  remain,  and  they 
look  earlier  than  the  tower. 

The  bowl  of  the  font  is  a  plain  circular  one  of  fifteenth  century 
type ;  the  base  is  coeval,  but  the  shaft  new. 

Parts  of  a  later  fourteenth  century  oak  screen  are  preserved  in  the 
chancel  arch. 

An  interesting  relic  remains  in  the  sixteenth  century  hour-glass 
stand,  still  rivetted  to  the  jamb  of  the  easternmost  window  on  the 
south  of  the  nave. 

HOLY  CROSS.       ASHTON  KEYNES. 

This  Church  consists  of  nave  and  aisles  of  four  bays,  north  and 
south  porches,  and  western  tower ;  and  chancel  with  north  chapel. 
The  earliest  work  is  that  of  the  two  easternmost  bays  of  the  north 
arcade,  these  have  octagonal  columns  with  capitals,  and  arches  of 
two  orders  of  chamfers  without  labels.  The  abacus  moulding  and 
the  carving  of  the  capitals  indicate  a  period  of  about  the  middle  of 
the  twelfth  century.  The  north  aisle  was  not  then  built  further 
westward,  as  the  respond  in  that  direction  still  remains  as  the  flat 


30  Notes  on  the  ChurcJies  visited  in  1892. 

central  pier  of  the  four  bays,  and  indicates  a  change  of  intention. 

The  aisle  was  continued  some  thirty  or  forty  years  later  by  adding 

two  bays,  the  arches   being  similar  to  the   earlier  ones,  but  the 

columns,  with  their  caps  and  bases,  are  circular.     The  south  arcade 

appears  to  have  followed  soon  after  this — the  four  bays  are  of  one 

date,  circa  1200,  the  columns  are  circular  and  have  moulded  caps 

and  bases ;   the  arches  pointed  and  of  two  orders  of  cavetto,  which, 

like  those  on  the  north,  are  without  labels.     The  chancel  arch  was 

erected  together   with  the  earlier  part  of  the  north  arcade ;  it  has 

been  re-built  to  a  wider  span,  but  the  old  caps,  bases,  and  sufficient 

of  the  voussoirs  and  labels  remain  to  indicate  the  design.1    It  is  not 

improbable  that,  notwithstanding  the  change  of  intention  in  the 

length  of  the  north  aisle,  the  parts  named  were  a  continuous  work 

rather  than  alterations  of  an  existing  structure.     The  north  doorway 

of  the  same  date  as  the  arcade  shows  that  the  outside  walls  were 

also  included  in  the  scheme  then  carried  to  completion.     The  font 

is  coeval,  it  is  a  remarkable  specimen  of  the  circular  vertical-sided 

' '  tub  "  form,  with  chevron  ornament  and  Transitional  foliage,  but 

no  trace  remains  of  the  chancel  of  the  Transitional  Norman  Church, 

although  the  early  character  of  the  arch  opening  into  the  north 

chapel  from  the  aisle  seems  to  show  that  not  only  was  there  a  coeval 

chancel,  but  that  it  had  a  chapel  on  the  north.     The  present  chancel 

was  erected  in  the  earlier  half  of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  the  walls 

of  that  date  have  been  for  the  most  part  retained,  with  the  fine 

piscina  and  lancet  window  in  the  south  wall  of  the  sanctuary ;    this 

window  has  undergone  two  alterations — one  in  the  fifteenth  century 

when  the  head  was  re-modelled,  and  a  second  during  a  nineteenth 

century  restoration  of  the  Church,  when  its  inside  sill  was  cut  down 

to  form  sedilia.      A   rude  sun-dial  is  cut  on  one  of   the  outside 

jambs  of  the  priests'  door  and  arranged  for  early  hours  only. 

The  next  work  in  order  of  date  is  the  charming  double  chapel  on 
the  north  of  the  chancel — each  division  has  its  arch  opening  into 
the  chancel  (the  western  arch  having  shafts  with  moulded  caps  and 


1  The  accompanying  plate,  from  a  pencil  drawing  made  many  years  ago  by 
Mr.  P.  St.  Aubyn,  shows  the  arch  as  it  appeared  before  it  was  enlarged. 


ASHTON    KEYNES, CHANCEL   ARCH 
DRAWN  BEFORE  ITS   ENLARGEMENT 


By  C.  E.  Ponting,  F.S.A.  31 

bases,  and  the  eastern  one  springing1  from  a  corbel  on  the  east  side, 
whilst  on  the  west  side  the  jamb  is  flush  with  the  inner  order  of  the 
arch),  each  also  has  its  separate  piscina  with  shelf — the  piscina  of 
the  west  chapel  being  the  richer.  In  the  north  wall  is  a  window  to 
each  bay — the  eastern  being  a  three-light  pointed  one — with  label 
on  outside,  each  light  has  a  trefoiled  head,  the  outer  ones  are  narrow 
— only  GJin.  wide;  the  other  window  in  the  same  wall  is  of  three 
lights,  with  square  head,  but  it  is  probably  coeval — there  is  no 
indication  of  its  having  been  inserted.  The  east  wall  is  in  a  line 
with  that  of  the  chancel,  and  there  is  no  dividing  buttress,  but  the 
existence  of  some  of  the  north-east  quoins  of  the  chancel  show  that 
the  walls  of  the  latter  are  earlier.  The  chapel  may  be  put  at  circa 
1290.  The  east  window  and  gable  over  are  fifteenth  century  work 
and  the  north  door  is  modern.  The  roof  of  the  chapel  is  Elizabethan 
in  feeling. 

There  is  a  somewhat  unusual  amount  of  fourteenth  century  work 
in  the  Church.  The  north  aisle  was  re-built  soon  after  1350, 
although  traces  of  the  earlier  work  exist  at  the  north-west  angle ; 
the  middle  one  of  the  three  north  windows  exhibits  very  remarkable 
tracery  with  semi-circular  head  to  each  light.  The  west  window  is 
a  Perpendicular  insertion  of  about  1425.  At  the  east  end  is  a  group 
of  features  of  special  interest :  over  the  early  arch  opening  into  the 
chapel  is  a  beautiful  reredos  of  three  bays  enclosed  within  a  panel 
with  flat  pointed  head ;  in  the  centre  is  a  vesica  with  symbols  of 
the  Evangelists  carved  in  the  four  spandrils ;  each  of  the  side  bays 
is  a  canopied  niche;  the  whole  is  very  elaborate,  with  carved  paterae 
in  the  mouldings,  and  the  vesica  is  richly  cusped ;  each  of  the  three 
bays  has  a  corbel  for  a  figure.  This  appears  to  have  been  the  reredos 
of  a  rood-loft  altar,  for  the  loft  only  appears  to  have  existed  here — • 
the  staircase  starts  immediately  in  front  of  the  arch  and  the  exit 
door  is  in  the  aisle  only — none  being  on  the  nave  side.  On  the 
outside  of  the  north  wall  is  a  small  square-headed  window,  now 
blocked  up,  which  was  probably  inserted  to  give  light  to  this  altar. 

The  south  aisle  was  re-built  about  twenty  to  thirty  years  later  and 
the  two  side  windows  of  two  lights  each  and  the  doorway  belong 
to  this  period ;  the  east  window  is  an  insertion  circa  1425,  Both 


32  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

aisles  have  their  fourteenth  century  roofs,  without  principals ;  the 
roof  of  the  nave  is  of  about  the  same  date,  and  of  the  trussed-rafter 
type,  but  with  moulded  principal  ribs,  longitudinal  purlins,  and 
ridge-piece,  and  plates  with  carved  paterae  :  it  has  also  tie-beams 
with  traceried  braces  and  carved  central  bosses ;  good  stone  corbels 
with  alternate  male  and  female  heads  in  various  characters.  The 
north  porch  and  tower  are  also  late  Decorated  work,  the  former  has 
diagonal  buttresses  with  a  two-light  window  in  each  side ;  the  latter 
is  of  three  stages  with  good  five-light  west  window  in  the  lower 
stage,  a  two-light  window  in  each  face  of  the  belfry,  and  a  single 
light  in  the  west  and  south  faces  of  the  middle  stage.  The 
staircase  only  reaches  the  latter;  there  are  diagonal  buttresses.  The 
arch  opening  into  the  nave  is  a  plain  one  of  two  orders  of  chamfers 
and  chamfered  impost. 

Few  alterations  were  made  here  during  the  great  period  of  activity 
in  building  and  re-modelling  Churches — that  of  the  fifteenth  century. 
The  Ashton  Keynes  people  had  already  {<  restored  "  their  Church 
and  resisted  the  prevailing  tendency  to  make  further  alterations. 
With  the  exception  of  the  few  points  previously  mentioned  the 
Perpendicular  work  here  is  confined  to  the  south  porch  (which  has 
its  old  roof  of  barrel-vaulted  form),  a  two-light  square-headed 
window  and  priests*  door  in  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel,  and  an 
east  window  of  three  lights  (the  greater  part  of  which  has  been 
renewed),  a  diagonal  buttress  at  the  south-east  angle  added  to  the 
Early  English  wall  and  a  three-light  window  in  the  south  aisle — in 
the  inner  sill  is  what  appears  to  be  the  bowl  of  a  piscina,  and  the 
outer  sill  bears  traces  of  having  been  raised. 

There  are  fragments  of  coeval  glass  in  the  Perpendicular  window 
of  the  south  aisle — the  principal  emblem  is  that  of  the  Trinity,  a 
seated  figure  of  God  the  Father  holding  a  crucifix,  with  left  hand 
raised  in  blessing :  the  usual  dove  representing  the  Holy  Ghost  is 
not  visible.  Another  piece  probably  commemorates  the  founder — a 
figure  holding  the  model  of  a  Church,  and  with  an  indistinct  in- 
scription which  is  apparently  JESU  MARCI. 

There  are  here,  as  in  so  many  of  the  Churches  in  this  locality, 
'several  twelfth  and  thirteenth  century  coffin  slabs — and  it  is  to  be 


OAKSEY 


SOMERFORD  KEYNES 


ASHTON  KEYNES 


SIDDINGTON 


By  C.  E.   Pouting,  F.8.A.  33 

wished  that  they  were  placed  under  cover  where  they  would  be 
belter  preserved.  In  the  churchyard  is  the  good  octagonal  base  of 
a  cross  with  quatrefoil  panels  in  the  sides  and  bold  stops  at  the 
angles,  and  the  stump  of  the  stem,  which  has  been  sawn  off — 
probably  because  it  was  too  securely  leaded  in  to  be  easily  otherwise 
displaced.  There  are  remains  of  four  other  crosses  about  the  village. 
A  fine  old  rectorial  tithe  barn  stands  near  the  Church.  The 
approach  to  the  Church  is  through  a  winding  avenue  of  fine  elm  trees.1 

ALL  SAINTS'.     THE  LEIGH. 

This  interesting  Church  was  also  visited,  but  as  it  is  proposed  to 
fully  illustrate  it  in  the  next  number  the  description  is  postponed. 

ALL  SAINTS'.       OAKSEY. 

There  are  here  no  traces  of  work  earlier  than  the  second  quarter 
of  the  thirteenth  century.  The  Church  built  at  that  time  consisted 
of  nave  and  south  aisle  of  three  bays,  chancel  and  western  tower,  all 
on  the  present  lines,  and  notwithstanding  many  later  alterations  the 
original  fabric  remains  to  a  great  extent,  and  I  will  first  describe  its 
various  remaining  features.  The  arcade  between  nave  and  aisle  has 
well-proportioned  arches  of  two  orders  of  chamfers  without  labels; 
cylindrical  shafts  with  moulded  caps  and  bases — the  responds  have 
corbel  shafts  with  carved  heads,  and  are  unusually  deep,  so  that, 
although  the  arcade  is  of  three  bays  only,  the  later  roof  and  clerestory 
were  divided  into  five  bays.  The  walls  of  the  south  aisle,  south 
porch,  and  chancel,  and  the  two  lower  stages  of  the  tower  are  also 
parts  of  this  Early  English  Church.  Two  of  the  lancet  windows 
remain  in  the  aisle — one  in  the  west  end  with  a  bonnet  arch  (the 
splay  of  the  jamb  being  carried  round)  and  one  in  the  south  wall 
west  of  the  porch  with  a  segmental  inner  or  curtain  arch.  The 
outer  doorway  of  the  south  porch  remains.  The  chancel  retains  two 
of  its  original  windows  in  the  north  wall  (one  more  acutely  pointed 
than  the  other)  with  curtain  inner  arches — none  of  the  lancet 
windows  have  labels.  There  are  no  buttresses  to  the  aisle  but  there 
is  a  coeval  one  at  the  south-east  angle  of  the  chancel  and  a  curious 

1  The  Society  is  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  the  Rev.  M.  J.  Milling,  Rector  of 
Ashton  Keynes,  for  the  gift  of  the  plate  of  the  chancel  arch, 

VOL.    XXVII. NO.    LXXIX.  D 


34  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

one  under  the  east  window.  At  the  west  end  of  the  nave,  com- 
municating with  the  tower,  is  a  two-centred  archway  of  two  orders 
of  chamfers  carried  down  to  the  floor — the  inner  ring  of  the  arch 
has  disappeared ;  above  this  is  a  lancet  window  with  bonnet  inner 
arch  on  the  nave  side,  the  object  of  which  it  is  difficult  to  conjecture. 
The  tower  has  buttresses  to  the  lower  stage  only,  with  deep 
plinths  and  unusually  long  weatherings  -,  a  string  divides  the  two 
lower  stages,  in  the  lower  there  is  a  semi-arched  west  door,  and  in 
the  middle  stage  a  lancet  in  west  and  south  sides.  The  font  of  this 
date  has  been  removed  from  the  rectory  garden  by  the  present 
Rector,  who,  I  am  glad  to  learn,  proposes  to  restore  it  to  its  place, 
from  which  it  was  doubtless  removed  to  make  way  for  the  modern  one. 

Late  in  the  thirteenth  century  a  two-light  window  was  inserted 
near  the  east  end  of  the  aisle,  with  trefoiled  heads  and  a  quatrefoil 
piercing  over — the  inner  arch  being  of  the  two-centred  segmental 
form — there  is  no  label  on  either  face.  With  this  exception  there 
is  no  work  of  the  Decorated  period  in  the  Church. 

The  next  stage  in  the  history  of  the  building  was  the  re-building 
of  the  lower  stage  of  the  north  wall  of  the  nave  and  the  erection  of 
the  porch,  which  took  place  near  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century 
— at  the  commencement  of  the  Perpendicular  period.  At  first  sight 
the  square  heads  and  the  form  of  tracery  make  the  windows  appear 
later,  but  it  is  evident  that  the  porch  and  nave  wall  were  erected  at 
the  same  time,  as  one  of  the  buttresses  of  the  latter  starts  from  the 
side  wall  of  the  porch  and  is  coeval  with  it.  The  combination  of 
the  earlier  type  adopted  for  the  porch  and  the  later  for  the  aisle  is 
interesting.  The  lower  nave  wall  has  good  bold  buttresses  at  its 
lower  stage.  The  porch  has  an  outer  doorway  with  ogee  arch,  the 
label  of  which  is  carried  up  to  a  point  without  the  usual  foliated 
terminal;  there  are  small  square  side  lights,  buttresses  standing 
square  with  the  walls,  and  the  original  roof  with  richly-moulded 
plates.  Over  the  inner  doorway  is  a  niche  containing  a  mutilated 
figure. 

At  about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  the  Church  under- 
went a  great  scheme  of  re-modelling.  The  usual  Perpendicular 
clerestory  of  five  bays  with  three-light  pointed  windows  with  outside 


By  0.  E.  Panting,  F.8.A.  35 

labels  was  erected  over  the  nave  arcade,  and  this  was  repeated  on 
the  north  side  by  raising  the  wall  which  had  been  erected  sixty  or 
seventy  years  before.  The  north  side  has,  therefore,  two  stages  of 
windows — the  lower  square  and  the  upper  pointed — a  set-off  with 
weathering  in  the  wall  showing  the  point  of  alteration.  The  corbels 
of  the  roof  put  on  at  that  time  remain,  but  the  roof  has  given  way 
to  a  flat  ceiling  which  is  a  great  disfigurement  to  the  Church.  The 
upper  stage  of  the  tower  was  added  at  the  same  time  with  the 
clerestory — it  has  a  two-light  square-head  window  in  each  side  and 
embattled  parapet  with  good  gargoyles  at  the  angles.  The  nave 
has  a  cornice  and  an  embattled  parapet  carried  up  over  the  east 
gable  and  returning  along  the  sides  to  the  tower.  The  gable  cross 
is  missing. 

A  further  work  carried  out  at  this  time  was  the  addition  of  the 
chapel  at  the  south  of  the  chancel  as  a  continuation  of  the  aisle— • 
the  line  at  which  the  Early  English  work  stops  and  the  Perpendicular 
begins  can  be  traced,  but  there  is  no  dividing  arch.  The  date  1633 
is  cut  on  the  wall  at  this  point.  There  is  a  three-light  square-head 
window  in  the  south  wall  with  a  wood  lintel  inside,  also  a  four-light 
east  window  having  cusping  only  to  the  central  compartment  of  the 
tracery.  The  archway  between  the  chancel  and  chapel  is  a  good 
four-centred  one  with  semi-octagonal  jambs  having  caps  with  carved 
paterae.  With  the  erection  of  this  chapel  a  re-modelling  of  the  aisle 
took  place,  a  similar  window  to  that  in  the  former  was  inserted 
in  about  the  centre  of  the  south  wall  of  the  latter,  and  a  uniform 
cornice  with  parapet  was  carried  round  both.  The  chapel,  like  the 
earlier  work  of  the  aisle,  has  no  buttress.  (The  old  roofs  have 
disappeared  and  flat  ceilings  taken  their  places.)  At  this  time  a 
rood-screen  was  erected,  which  was  reached  by  a  staircase  formed  in 
the  east  respond  of  the  nave  arcade  and  projecting  into  the  aisle. 
The  staircase  remains  but  the  doorways  are  blocked  up.  A  part  of 
this  screen  is  retained  to  divide  the  aisle  from  the  chapel;  other 
portions  are  made  up  in  the  choir  stalls.  This  work  is  of  a  most 
refined  type,  the  carving  of  the  vine  and  other  foliated  patterns 
being  beautifully  designed,  crisp  and  well  cut, 

t    There  are  many  fragments  of  old  glass  left.     In  the  tracery  of 
D  2 


86  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

the  fourteenth  century  windows  of  the  nave  are  coeval  figures  of 
angels  in  situ.  The  easternmost  window  is  filled  with  fragments 
collected  from  diverse  subjects — some  of  which  can  be  traced, 
amongst  them  being,  in  the  centre  light,  a  kneeling  female  figure 
(the  red  robe  seems  to  indicate  this  as  representing  the  donor  or 
founder)  with  the  legend  "  SCE  NICHOLAS  ORA  PRO  NOBIS."  In  one 
side  light  is  another  part  of  the  same  subject — one  of  the  children 
in  a  tub.  There  are  also  various  figures  of  bishops  and  the  head  of 
a  female  with  nimbus.  In  the  right  hand  light  is  a  kneeling  male 
figure  wearing  a  red  robe  (probably  the  companion  to  the  figure 
named  above)  with  the  motto  "  .  .  .  .  NOBIS  "  and  underneath 
"  OIBUS  BNI  FACTORIES."  Other  symbols  such  as  the  rose,  chalice 
and  wafer,  &c.,  are  in  the  tracery.  There  is  a  bit  of  fifteenth 
century  glass  in  the  quatrefoil  of  the  early  Decorated  window  in  the 
aisle;  and  in  the  window  of  the  chapel  is  glass  coeval  with  the 
window,  representing  a  pelican  and  young,  S.  Anne  teaching  the 
Blessed  Virgin  Mary  to  read  (or  the  Virgin  teaching  the  Holy  Child 
to  write),  S.  Catherine  with  the  wheel,  the  head  of  a  female  saint,  &c. 
Aubrey  (Jackson's  Aubrey,  p.  277)  records  the  arms  of  Swynnow 
and  Baynton  in  the  windows,  and  states  "  In  a  north  window  is 

Only    '  ORATE    PRO    AIA       ....       MILITIS    BENEFACTORIS  '  "  ',    (this 

appears  to  have  been  since  lost,  and  he  does  not  mention  the  pieces 
described  above).  He  quotes  an  inscription  on  the  great  bell — viz. : 

"  JESUS    NAZARENUS    REX  JUDEORUM  MISERERE  NOBIS  "  with  a  Crowned 

head  between  each  word.  He  also  states  that  "  in  a  close  adjoining 
the  churchyard  are  yet  to  be  seen  the  ruins  of  an  old  seat  of  the 
Duke  of  Lankaster's  and  a  Chapell :  it  is  now  called  Court  and 
Chappell  Close  "  :  these  ruins  seem  to  have  disappeared. 

The  chancel  arch  and  east  window,  also  the  inner  arch  and 
windows  of  the  south  porch,  are  modern. 

Outside  the  north  wall  of  the  nave,  east  of  the  porch,  is  a  curious 
piece  of  sculpture  of  a  very  debased  type. 

ALL  SAINTS'.       KEMBLE. 

Kemblc  formerly  belonged  to  the  Abbey  of  Malmesbury  by  grant 
made  in  682  by  Cedwalla,  King  of  Wessex. 


By  C.  K  Pouting,  F.S.A.  37 

The  Church  appears  to  have  been  originally  erected  with 
foundations  insufficiently  prepared  for  the  clay  soil  on  which  it 
stands.  As  the  result  of  this  the  structure  had  become  so  dilapi- 
dated that  it  was  almost  wholly  re-built  in  1877.  The  parts  of  the 
original  building  then  left  undisturbed  are  a  portion  of  the  north 
wall  of  the  chancel,  and  the  entire  tower  and  spire.  Many  of  the 
old  features  appear  to  have  been  replaced  in  their  former  positions, 
so  that  the  history  of  the  Church  can  be  fairly  well  read,  and  its 
interest  is  preserved.  It  is  very  gratifying  to  be  able  to  record  a 
restoration  involving  so  much  necessary  disturbance  of  old  parts  of 
which  this  can  be  said,  and  in  which  the  ancient  faces  and  tool 
marks  have  escaped  the  mason's  "  drag."  It  may  assist  us  in 
picturing  the  original  plan  of  the  Church  if  we  first  note  that  in 
1877  the  north  aisle  of  two  bays  was  added,  and  with  it  the  arched 
recess  between  the  aisle  and  the  north  chapel  was  formed — the 
recumbent  effigy  beneath  the  arch  being  removed  from  the  south 
chapel.  The  whole  of  the  remainder  of  the  Church  (with  the 
exception  of  the  spire)  was  probably  erected  between  the  years 
A.D.  1200  and  1250,  and  it  consisted  of  nave,  chancel,  western 
tower,  which  was  probably  then  surmounted  by  a  roof  covered  with 
tiles  or  oak  shingles  ;  a  small  chapel  on  the  north  side  of  the  eastern 
part  of  the  nave,  a  larger  chapel  opposite  on  the  south  side  and 
extending  for  half  the  length  of  the  chancel,  and  a  south  porch  at 
the  west  end  of  this  chapel. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  follow  the  order  in  which  the  Church  was 
erected,  if  we  except  the  chancel  no  features  of  which  remain  :  we 
may  presume  that  this  was  first  built ;  then  came  the  nave;  north 
chapel,  and  tower,  both  of  which  bear  distinct  evidence  of  the 
Transitional  period  and  may  be  set  down  at  about  the  year  1200. 
At  first  sight  the  south  door  of  the  nave  looks  distinctly  Norman, 
but  a  closer  examination  shows  that  between  the  chevron  members 
of  the  outer  order  is  a  roll  moulding  of  the  Early  English  "  filleted  " 
type,  and  that  the  caps,  bases,  and  label  distinctly  bear  the  later 
feeling.  This  doorway  is  thus  an  instructive  feature  and  a  valuable 
instance  of  the  late  survival  of  the  chevron.  The  tower  also  has 
the  flat  pilaster-like  buttresses  of  the  earlier  style  combined  with 


38  Notes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

the  mouldings,  in  bases,  arches,  and  windows,  of  the  later.1  This 
tower  is  of  fine  proportions  and  is  of  three  stages — in  the  lower  is 
a  doorway  on  the  west  having  the  outer  order  of  the  arch  moulded 
and  carried  on  attached  shafts ;  also  a  beautiful  and  grand  archway 
in  the  east  wall  which  formerly  opened  into  the  nave,  but  has  been 
blocked  up  apparently  ever  since  the  sixteenth  century,  probably  to 
arrest  the  settlement  of  the  side  walls ;  this  archway  is  richly 
moulded  and  has  a  moulded  label  on  the  tower  side  with  carved 
terminals.  The  middle  stage  has  a  single-light  window  in  the  south 
wall,  and  the  upper  stage  has  single  lights  on  south  and  west  sides 
and  double-light  windows  on  the  north  and  east — the  arch  of  the 
latter  having  been  removed.  On  the  inside  of  the  west  wall  is  a 
singular-looking  groove  extending  the  whole  height  of  the  belfry 
stage  and  dying  out  at  the  top ;  it  has  the  appearance  of  having 
been  occupied  by  a  wooden  support  for  the  early  roof  erected  on  the 
top  of  the  middle  stage  and  the  upper  stage  being  built  around  it. 

It  is  remarkable  that  there  is  no  structural  staircase  to  the  tower, 
and  that  many  stones  with  earlier  working  on  them  are  built  up  in 
the  walls,  including  four  twelfth  century  coffin  slabs  in  the  east 
buttress  on  the  south  side,  parts  of  two  on  the  adjoining  buttress 
on  the  east  face,  two  others  forming  the  lintel  of  the  south  window 
of  the  middle  stage,  and  another  built  into  the  east  jamb  of  the 
upper  window  on  the  south  side.  The  original  cornice  remains, 
with  outlets  for  water  about  4ft.  apart,  but  the  parapet  was  probably 
removed  when  the  spire  was  added. 

The  north  chapel  was  prepared  for  when  the  nave  was  built,  if 
not  actually  erected  at  the  same  time,  for  the  archway  giving  access 
to  it  is  of  the  same  early  type  as  the  south  doorway — it  is  of  two- 
orders  of  chamfers,  the  inner  carried  on  corbel  shafts  with  caps 
(without  abacus)  of  a  distinctly  Transitional  type. 

The  east  window  of  this  chapel  is  a  charming  feature,  consisting 
of  a  small  triple  lancet  with  richly-moulded  inner  arches  supported 

1  Canon  Jackson  states  that  the  porch  was  built  by  William  de  Colerne,  Abbot 
of  Malmesbury,  about  1280.  He  puts  the  inner  door  at  circa  1100,  and  in  this 
he  was  doubtless  misled  by  the  chevron  member  without  considering  the  later 
mouldings  with  which  it  is  associated, 


By  C.  E.  Ponimg,  F.S.A.  39 

©n  shafts  and  with  a  string  carried  across  below  the  sill.  This 
group  is  contained  within  a  large  inner  moulded  arch  of  two  orders 
carried  on  shafts  having  bases  some  3ft.  from  the  floor — the  space 
between  them  being  recessed  for  the  altar.  Tradition  states  that 
this  window  was  brought  from  Salisbury  Cathedral,  but  this  arises 
probably  from  the  similarity  of  type,  and  it  is  so  evidently  designed 
for  its  place  in  this  tiny  chapel  that  it  would  not  be  adapted  to  any 
other.  The  west  arch  and  the  north  door  and  window  in  this  chapel 
are  modern.  The  south  chapel  is  called  the  "Ewen1  Aisle" — 
probably  after  the  hamlet  of  that  name  about  a  mile  distant.  This 
and  the  porch  were  probably  added  after  the  rest  of  the  Church  was 
finished,  but  not  later  than  circa  1250.  The  chapel  overlaps  both 
nave  and  chancel,  and  has  two  arches  of  similar  design  opening  into 
both — these  are  of  two  orders  of  chamfers,  the  inner  being  carried 
on  corbel  shafts,  and  there  are  labels  on  both  faces.  In  the  south 
wall  is  a  beautiful  recessed  tomb,  probably  that  of  the  founder ;  it 
contains  a  stone  coffin,  and  the  effigy  of  a  cross-legged  knight  now 
in  the  north  chapel  is  reported  to  have  been  removed  from  here  in 
1877.  The  tomb  has  a  segmental  canopy  richly  moulded  and  cusped 
with  crocketted  label ;  shafts  with  carved  caps — the  one  on  the  east 
having  two  female  heads  and  the  opposite  one  the  head  of  a  man ; 
the  four  cusps  of  the  arch  terminate  in  carved  heads.  The  canopy 
surmounting  the  head  of  the  effigy  in  the  north  chapel  has  similar 
cusps  to  these,  which  seem  to  identify  the  effigy  with  the  tomb. 
Aubrey  records  a  tradition  that  the  name  of  this  knight  was  Allam 
or  Hallam — there  was  a  cardinal  of  that  name  who  was  Cardinal 
and  Chancellor  of  Oxford  and  Bishop  of  Salisbury.  Eastward  of 
this  is  a  two-bay  recess — the  two  arches  springing  at  the  same  level 
but  the  eastern  bay  is  the  narrower  and  the  apex  lower ;  it  has  also 
a  string  across  the  back  which  might  be  the  remains  of  a  shelf ;  a 
quatrefoil  is  cut  in  the  spandrel  between  the  two  arches. 

The  porch   is  so  large  and  rich  that  it  might  be  said  of  it  with 

1  This,  according  to  Canon  Jackson,  should  be  spelt  "  Ewelme,"  from  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  JEwelm,  a  fountain.  The  materials  of  this  chapel  are  supposed  to  have 
been  taken  from  a  chapel  formerly  existing  at  the  hamlet  of  Ewen,  and  r$-erected 
here. 


40  JSotes  on  the  Churches  visited  in  1892. 

greater  fitness  than  of  the  chapel  window  that  it  was  "  brought  from 
Salisbury  Cathedral/'  or  Christchurch.  The  inside  dimensions  are 
lift.  Gin.  wide  and  14ft.  long,  and  15ft.  high  to  the  wall-plate. 
The  outer  arch  is  a  magnificent  one  of  two  orders  of  deeply-cut 
mouldings,  carried  on  three  detached  shafts  to  each  jamb  standing 
on  a  deep  bench-table  base.  The  niche  on  the  outside  is  coeval  and 
retains  its  corbel  for  the  figure.  In  the  east  wall  is  a  double 
doorway,  now  blocked  up,  but  which  formerly  opened  into  the 
chapel — it  has  the  appearance  of  having  been  intended  more  for 
seeing  through  than  for  means  of  access,  as  the  openings  are  only 
2ft.  wide  and  there  is  a  deep  splayed  sill  standing  above  the  floor 
level — each  opening  has  a  trefoil  arch  with  roll  moulding  on  the 
angle,  and  they  are  divided  by  a  mullion  7in.  thick.  These  are 
contained  within  a  larger  and  richly-moulded  arch,  and  both  this 
and  the  inner  arches  are  supported  on  shafts.  Another  twelfth 
century  coffin  slab  is  inserted  over  the  doorway  into  the  nave. 

The  font  is  the  only  bit  of  fourteenth  century  work  in  the  Church, 
it  is  a  plain  octagonal  one. 

In  the  fifteenth  century  (circa  1450)  the  two  three-light  four- 
centred  arched  windows  were  inserted  in  the  south  wall  of  the  chapel, 
and  the  roof  of  trussed  rafters  with  moulded  ribs  was  put  on.  The 
present  four-light  east  window  is  of  the  same  date,  but  it  is  said  to 
have  been  transferred  here  from  the  east  end  of  the  chancel  in  1877. 
In  this  window  are  six  figures  of  coeval  glass  in  new  setting. 

The  spire  was  added  to  the  tower  at  this  time,  arched  squinches 
being  thrown  across  the  angles  to  support  the  diagonal  sides — these 
have  since  been  re-built  in  corbelled-out  form,  probably  owing  to 
the  settlements  in  the  tower. 

The  rood-loft  stair  of  unusual  width  was  formed  in  the  fifteenth 
century,  and  starts  from  the  north  chapel.  There  are  fragments  of 
fifteenth  century  screen  work  framed  into  the  modern  choir  stalls. 

The  chancel  arch  and  all  windows  here  are  modern. 

There  are  five  bells,  the  third  of  which  is  a  mediaeval  one  with  an 
inscription  which  I  was  not  able  to  take  on  my  visit,  and  it  does  not 
appear  in  Mr.  Lukis'  schedule. 

The  Church  loses  one  of  its  chief  features  internally  by  the  tower 


Broughton  Gifford — Copy  of  Deed.  41 

being  walled  off — it  is  a  pity  that  the  foundations  should  not  be 
strengthened  so  as  to  admit  of  the  removal  of  the  filling  and  of  the 
fine  arehway  being  opened  out. 

The  yew  tree  on  the  west  side  of  the  tower  is  probably  older  than 
the  fabric — the  trunk  measures  18ft.  6in.  round  at  a  height  of  6ft. 
from  the  ground;  it  is  hollow  for  some  9ft  or  10ft.  high,  and  in  the 
centre  is  the  distinct  stem  of  a  smaller  tree  which  has  become  merged 
into  the  main  trunk. 

NOTE.— The  Illustrations.— For  the  drawing'  of  the  remarkable  Norman  font 
at  Siddington,  in  Gloucestershire,  the  Society  is  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  the 
Kev.  W.  Bagnall  Oakley.  The  other  illustrations  are  from  drawings  in  the 
Society's  possession  made  years  ago  by  Mr.  St.  Aubyn. 


diftortr. 

Cop  of  ieefr,  belottging  to  tlje  let  £.  IS-  ftebble, 
nlattnj  to  i\z  aitfees  of  Honkton  farm,  in  i\t  farisf}  of 


Communicated  by  the  Rev.  E.  W.  WATSON  ;    translated  by  the  Rev.  ALAN 

BRODRICK.1 

2Anno  ab  incarnacione  Mo  CCo  tri-  In  the  year  of  our  Incarnate  Lord, 

cesimo  secundo.     Cum  inter  dominam  1232,  when,  between  the  Lady  Abbess 

Abbatissam  et  Conuentum  sancti  Ed-  and  Convent  of  S.  Edward,  on  the  one 

wardi  ex  una  parte  et  Priorem  et  Con-  part  and  the  Prior  and  Convent  of  Far- 

uentum  Farlegh  ex  altera   super   iure  leigh  on  the  other  part,  a  dispute  arose, 

1  Monkton  Manor  in  Domesday  was  held  by  the  Saxon  Rainburgis  —  then  by 
Ilbertus  de  Chat,  whose  tomb  found  at  Farleigh  and  transferred  to  Lacock  records 
that  he  gave  (Little)  Broughton  to  Farleigh  Priory.     Hence  Little  Broughton 
came  to  be  called  "  Monkton,"  the  name  which  it  now  bears.     At  the  Dissolution 
it  was  given  to  the  Earl  of  Hertford.     In  1615  it  was  sold  to  Edward  Long  ;  in 
1669  it  was  sold  again  to  Sir  James  Thynne,  of  Longleat.     From  him  it  passed 
to  John  Hall,  whose  granddaughter  and  sole  heiress  married  the  first  Duke  of 
Kingston.      The   second  Duke  sold  it  to  his  steward,  Samuel  Shering,  whose 
brother  left  it  to  John  Keddle,  Esq.,  of  Fordington,  Dorset,  in  whose  family  the 
property   still  remains  (see    Wilts  Magazine,  vol.  v.,  p.  326).     The  fine  old 
gabled   house  —  now  a  farm  —  is  of  various  dates,  and   still   retains  a   vaulted 
chamber  known  as  the  priest's  chamber. 

2  The  Abbey  of  Shaftesbury,  founded  by  King  Alfred  about  888  A.D.,  was  at 
first  dedicated  to  the  Virgin  Mary—  but  after  the  burial  there  of  S.  Edward, 
King  and  Martyr,  it  was  called  also  by  his  name  commonly  in  records,  &o.     The 
Lady  Abbess  of  Shaftesbury  was  patroness  of  the  Rectory  of  Broughton  Gifford. 


Broughton  Gifford — Copy  of  Deed. 


about  the  right  of  patronage  of  the 
Chapel  of  Little  Broughton,  at  length 
the  parties  compromised  the  matter  into 
the  hands  of  Robert,  Lord  Bishop  of 
Sarum ;  and  Stephen  the  Reverend 
Archdeacon  of  Wilts ;  who  indeed) 
having  held  somewhat  full  deliberation 
and  advice  about  the  said  right,  which 
the  several  parties  claim  over  the  afore, 
said  Chapel,  thus  decided  :— To  wit — 
that  the  said  Chapel  of  Little  Broughton 
shall  pertain  to  the  patronage  of  the 
aforesaid  Abbess  and  Convent  of  S.  Ed- 
ward as  though  a  part  of  Great  Brough- 
ton ;  But  that  the  aforesaid  monks  shall 
for  ever  be  reckoned  free  from  payment 
of  the  tithes,  on  the  two  hides  of  land 
which  they  hold  within  the  bounds  of 
the  said  parish,  of  which  the  tithe  was 
wont  to  be  paid  to  the  said.  Chapel : 
Provided,  that  the  said  monks  have  free 
ingress  to  the  said  Chapel,  if  they  wish 
to  celebrate  the  divine  mysteries  in  the 
same ;  saving  in  all  ways  the  rights  of 
the  Rector  of  the  said  Chapel  for  the 
time  being  ;  yet,  that  this  indenture 
shall  remain  binding  in  future  time 
with  the  consent  of  Roger  Harding,  the 
then  Rector  of  the  said  Chapel,  who  has 
placed  his  seal  to  present  deed  ;  signed, 
sealed,  and  delivered  by  the  said  parties 
by  an  official  deed  signed  in  duplicate 
by  the  aforesaid  Lord  Bishop  of  Sarum 
and  Stephen,  Archdeacon  of  Wilts,  with 
their  signatures  on  this  side  and  that. 

The  seal  of  Bishop  Robert  Bingham,  in  white  wax,  is  very  fairly  preserved. 
The  Archdeacon's  seal  is  lost. 


patronatus  capelle  de  parua  Brochtun' 
controuersia  mota  esset  tandem  partes 
in  dominum  Robertum  Sarum  Episco- 
pum  et  dominum  Stephanum l  Archi- 
diaconum  Wilteshir  compromiserunt. 
Qui  uero  postmodum  habito  tractatu  et 
consilio  pleniore  super  ipso  iure  quod 
parfces  in  dicta  capella  se  habere  dicunt 
taliter  ordinaverunt.  Videlicet  quod 
ipsa  capella  de  parua  Brochtun'  ad  don- 
acionem  predictarum  Abbatisse  et 
Conuentus  Sancti.  Edwardi  in  per- 
petuum  spectabit  tanquam  membrum 
maioris  Brochtun'.  Predicti  autem 
Monachi 2  a  prestacione  decimarum  dua- 
rum  hydarum  terre  quas  habent  infra 
limites  Parochie  illius  capelle  de  quibus 
scilicet  decima  consueuit  prestari  in  per- 
petuum  censeantur  immunes.  Monachi 
uero  ipsi  in  ipsam  capellam  liberum 
habebunt  ingressum  ut  diuina  si  volunt 
celebrent  in  eadem.  Salua  omnimoda 
indempnitate  Rectoris  ipsius  capelle  qui 
pro  tempore  fuerit.  Ut  autem  hec 
ordinacio  stabilis  et  inconcussa  futuris 
temporibus  preseueret  de  consensu 
Rogeri  Harding'  3  tune  rectoris  ipsius 
capelle  qui  signum  suum  presenti  scripto 
apposuit  confectum  est  inter  partes 
cyrographum  bipartitum  sigillis  ipso- 
rum  necnon  et  dictorum  domini  R. 
Sarum  Episcopi  et  S.  Archidiaconi 
Wilteshir  hinc  inde  signatum. 


1  Tanner's  "  Notitia,"  under  Monkton  Farleigh,  gives  the  following  references  : 
Cart.  II.,  Hen.  III.,  p.  I.M.,134  ;  Claus.  12,Hen.III.,m.5.,''d.proii.hidisterrse 
in  Broughton  Parva  "  ;  Claus.  13  Hen.  III.,  m.  13,  "  de  maner  de  Broughton  Parva." 

2  Stephen,  Archdeacon  of  Wilts.     See  Jones'  Fasti,  list  of  archdeacons,  p.  170. 
He  was  present  in  1227  at  the  election  of  Robert  Bingham  as  Bishop  of  Sarum, 
was  still  Archdeacon  in  1243,  but  died  before  1245.     He  was  also  Rector  of 
Easton,  and  is  said  to  have  founded  the  priory  there,  see  Jackson's  Aubrey,  p.  382. 

3  For  pedigree  and  connection  of  the  Hardings  with  Broughton  Gifford  see 
Rev.  J.  Wilkinson's  History  of  JJroughton.  Gifford,  Wilts  Mag.,  vol.  vi.,  p.  11. 


43 


|Jote$  on 

in  mt* 


By  the  Rev.  E.  H.  GODDAED. 

JHE  study  of  the  pre-Norman  Christian  art  of  England  has 
received  a  great  impetus  of  late  from  the  researches  of 
Canon  G.  F.  Browne,  F.S.A.,  and  Mr.  Romilly  Allen,  F.S.A.  Scot. 
— to  the  latter  of  whom  we  are  indebted  for  the  accompanying 
valuable  paper  on  the  stones  recently  brought  to  light  in  Wiltshire. 

A  few  words  by  way  of  preface  to  this  paper  seem  desirable.  The 
only  examples  of  pre-Norman  sculpture  in  Wilts  hitherto  noticed  in 
the  Magazine  are  the  two  angels  over  the  chancel  arch  of  the  Saxon 
Church  at  Bradford-on-Avon,  illustrated  in  vol.  v.,  p.  248 ;  the 
panels  of  interlaced  work  and  twining  foliage  on  the  piers  of  one 
of  the  early  arches  in  Britford  Church,  described  and  illustrated  in 
vol.  xvii.,  p.  248 ;  and  the  curious  stone  in  Codford  St.  Peter  Church, 
described  and  illustrated  by  Dr.  Baron  in  vol.  xx.,  p.  138. 

Mr.  Romilly  Allen,  in  his  very  excellent  little  book,  The  Monu- 
mental History  of  the  Early  British  Church,  published  by  the 
S.P.C.K.  in  1889,  stated  that,  at  the  time  he  wrote,  there  were 
about  two  hundred  and  thirty  localities  in  England  where  stones 
with  Hiberno-Saxon  decoration  were  known  to  exist,  the  number 
of  specimens  being  about  four  hundred.  Of  these  very  few  indeed 
are  to  be  found  in  this  part  of  England — the  number  of  localities 
noted  by  him  being  :  in  Dorsetshire  and  Berkshire  (0),  Hampshire  (1), 
Somerset  (5),  Devonshire  (2),  Gloucestershire  (1),  and  Wilts  (2). 

On  the  other  hand,  in  those  counties  which  in  the  ninth  century 
constituted  the  southern  halves  of  Northumbria  and  Strathclyde  and 
the  northern  half  of  Mercia,  they  are  far  more  numerous  ;  Yorkshire 
heading  the  list  with  sixty-six  localities,  Cumberland  (20),  Durham 
(19),  Derbyshire  (16),  Northumberland  (15),  Northampton  and 
Lincolnshire  each  (11),  Staffordshire  (9),  and  Cheshire  (8). 


44  Notes  on  pre-Norman  Sculptured  Stones  in   Wilts. 

In  Celtic  Cornwall  they  are  found  in  eighteen  localities,  in  Wales 
there  are  sixty-four  stones,  and  in  Southern  Scotland  they  are 
numerous,  whilst  the  finest  and  most  elaborate  of  all  are  found  in 
Ireland,  where  as  many  as  two  hundred  and  fifty  sepulchral  slabs 
and  forty-five  high  crosses  are  known. 

During  the  extensive  works  of  restoration  and  re-building  at 
Kamsbury  in  1891,  however,  no  less  than  six  of  these  early  sculptured 
stones  were  found,  either  built  into  the  foundations  of  the  south 
pier  of  the  chancel  arch  and  the  east  wall  of  the  south  aisle  adjacent 
to  it,  or  lying  buried  close  by,  near  the  line  of  what  seemed  to  be 
the  wall  of  an  earlier  Church,  running  outside  the  present  south 
wall  of  the  chancel. 

The  largest  of  the  stones  (A)  had  to  be  sawn  in  two  parts  to  be 
removed  and  the  bottom  of  it  is  broken  into  several  pieces.  The 
upper  part  is,  however,  but  little  injured  and  is  richly  sculptured  on 
all  four  sides.  Unfortunately,  however,  the  stone  is  temporarily 
placed  in  such  a  position  that  a  photograph  could  only  be  taken  of 
the  one  side  here  given,  and  its  size  and  weight  were  too  great  to 
allow  it  to  be  moved  without  danger  of  chipping  the  broken  pieces 
of  the  base.  Two  of  its  sides  are  covered  with  interlacing  knot- 
work  of  the  same  pattern,  of  which  I  am  only  able  to  give  here 
tracings  made  from  rubbings,  and  as  the  position  of  the  stone  made 
it  impossible  to  get  a  rubbing  of  the  bottom  on  one  side  it  appears 
blank  in  the  illustration.  The  fourth  side  of  this  stone  is  covered 
with  fine  interlacing  dragonesque  work,  of  which  a  plate  is  given 
from  a  drawing  by  Mr.  Bomilly  Allen. 

Stone  (B)  measures  35jin.  in  height  by  15in.  wide  at  the  base  on 
two  sides  and  14in.  on  the  others,  and  an  inch  less  at  the  top,  which 
has  four  dowel  holes,  each  4 Jin.  deep.  All  four  sides  are  covered 
with  sculpture  and  are  all  perfect  except  the  lower  half  of  one  side 
which  has  been  much  defaced.  As  will  be  seen,  two  sides  are  covered 
with  interlacing  work,  and  the  other  two  with  three  circular  me- 
dallions of  beasts  biting  their  own  tails.  This  stone  doubtless  formed 
part  of  the  shaft  o£  a  cross,  perhaps  of  the  same  as  that  of  which 
(A)  formed  the  base. 

The  other  cross  stone  is  that  marked  (C),  much  smaller  than  the 


By  the  Rev.  E.  H.    Goddard.  45 

other  two,  and  only  now  showing-  sculpture  on  one  side  and  that  a 
good  deal  injured  and  defaced.  The  other  sides  have  been  cut  away, 
and  the  hack  has  been  hollowed  slightly  as  though  it  has  at  some 
time  formed  the  voussoir  of  an  arch.  The  sculpture  on  it  is  of  a 
dragonesque  intertwining  animal,  very  similar  to  that  on  the  front 
of  (A). 

The  next  two  Ramsbury  monuments  are  recumbent  body  stones 
— neither  of  them,  unfortunately,  perfect.  (D)  and  (E)  are  of  the 
coped  type,  which  has  not  hitherto  been  noted  in  Wessex,  and  are 
therefore,  together  with  the  somewhat  similar  coped  stone  at 
Cricklade,  of  special  interest.  The  Ramsbury  specimens  differ 
slightly  from  the  coped  stones  found  in  other  parts  of  England ;  the 
cross  section  being  semi-circular  with  a  sort  of  plinth  at  the  bottom 
instead  of  being  like  the  gable  end  of  a  house,  or  boat-shaped,  as  is 
more  usually  the  case.  The  larger  of  these  (D)  measures  38in.  in 
length  by  ISjin.  at  one  end  and  17in.  at  the  other  in  breadth,  and 
it  is  7iin.  thick.  The  shorter  one  (E)  is  29in.  long  by  18in.  broad, 
and  7in.  thick. 

Stone  (P)  about  30in.  long,  has  a  Latin  cross  in  high  relief  on 
its  face — the  intersection  of  the  arms  being  occupied  by  a  couchant 
beast  which  looks  at  first  sight  like  a  lion,  but  which  probably  is 
intended  for  the  Agnus  Dei,  close  inspection  revealing  traces  of 
what  seems  to  be  a  halo  round  its  head.  A  panel  with  an  incised 
cross  (?)  or  perhaps  a  key  pattern  (?)  occurs  on  the  stem  of  the 
cross,  and  lower  down  what  may  be  a  beast  of  some  kind.  The 
sculpture  at  the  sides  of  the  shaft  is  too  much  defaced  to  make  out 
— a  bit  of  foliage  is  visible  and  possibly  signs  of  an  interlacing 
dragon.  In  the  spaces  above  the  arms  are  winged  beasts — at  least 
there  is  one  on  the  left,  the  right-hand  space  is  doubtful. 

In  addition  to  these  newly-discovered  Ramsbury  stones  I  am  able 
to  give  here  illustrations  of  others,  which,  though  not  strictly 
speaking  newly-discovered,  have  not,  I  believe,  hitherto  been  figured 
or  described. 

Two  of  these  (G)  and  (H)  are  now  built  into  the  wall  over  the 
door  in  the  north  porch  of  S.  Sampson's  Church  at  Cricklade.  Until 
a  few  months  ago  they  had  remained  ever  since  they  were  discovered 


46  Notes  on  pre-Norman  Sculptured  Stones  in   Wilts. 

during  the  restoration  of  the  Church  some  years  ago,  built  in  on 
either  side  of  the  porch — on  the  level  of  the  floor  with  half  their 
length  buried  underground — and  presenting  convenient  projections 
on  which  the  dirt  or  snow  might  be  kicked  off  the  boots  of  the 
congregation  as  they  came  into  Church.  The  present  Vicar,  how- 
ever, the  Rev.  H.  J.  Morton,  on  his  attention  being  called  to  the 
matter,  at  once  had  them  removed  and  placed  in  their  present 
position,  where  they  are  out  of  harm's  way  and  can  be  seen  to  far 
greater  advantage. 

Stone  (G)  is  about  half  of  a  sepulchral  slab,  measuring  21in.  by 
15  Jin.  It  is  coped  and  has  a  cable  moulding  running  up  the  centre 
and  dividing  into  two  branches  which  run  out  to  the  corners — the 
outside  edge  having  also  a  border  of  the  same  moulding.  The  panels 
at  the  sides  and  end  are  filled  with  interlacing  work,  which  is  roughly 
executed. 

The  second  stone  (H),  measuring  20iin.  by  9in.,  looks  at  first 
sight  like  a  bit  of  a  cross,  but  there  was  no  sign  of  sculpture  on 
either  of  the  other  sides,  which  were  quite  rough — and  as  it  seems, 
from  the  bit  of  border  at  the  bottom  to  be  the  whole  stone,  it  is 
perhaps  more  probable  that  it  was  a  small  and  thick  recumbent 
body  stone — a  stone  of  much  the  same  size  and  thickness  now 
forming  one  of  the  steps  to  the  rood  loft  at  Ashtpn  Keynes  with  an 
incised  cross  on  it  being  evidently  a  child's  coffin  slab  of  the 
thirteenth  century. 

The  two  Colerne  stones  (I)  and  (J)  were  also  discovered  built 
into  the  walls  during  the  "  restoration "  of  the  Church  some  years 
ago,  and  are  now  preserved  loose  in  the  Church  with  some  other 
curious  bits  of  later  carving.  Although  they  are  now  only  rough 
irregular  slabs  with  only  one  face  they  have  evidently  formed  two 
faces  of  part  of  a  cross.  They  measure  respectively  15in.  by  13in. 
and  19in.  by  13^in.,  and  both  are  covered  with  fine  dragonesque 
sculpture,  the  character  of  which  is  seen  in  the  illustrations. 

The  Knook  example  is  a  long  narrow  stone  now  built  into  the 
east  wall  of  the  chancel,  which  was  found  built  up  in  this  wall  when 
it  was  re-constructed  some  years  ago.  My  attention  was  called  to  it 
by  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Swayne.  It  does  not  seem  to  have  been  noted 


By  the  Eev.  E.  H.  Goddard. 


47 


before.  Possibly  it  may  be  the  side  panel  of  a  slender  cross  shaft. 
The  Bradford- on- A  von  examples  are  preserved  in  the  Saxon  Church 
of  that  place.  One  of  them,  "  a  massive  sculptured  slab  was  found 
in  some  restorations  of  the  Parish  Church,  and  has  no  doubt  at  one 
time  been  the  reveal  of  a  doorway/7  (Canon  G.  F.  Browne, 
Somerset  Archaeolog.  Soc.  Proceedings,  1890,  Pt.  II.,  p.  77.)  Those 
at  Britford  are,  as  before  stated,  built  in  as  panels  on  the  pier  of  an 
early  arch. 

Although  not  in  Wiltshire  I  am  glad,  through  the  courtesy  of 
the  Publisher  of  the  "  Antiquary  "  to  be  able  to  give  an  illustration 
of  the  very  interesting  fragment  lately  discovered  by  Mr.  J.  Denis 
de  Vitre  at  Wantage,  which  is  supposed  to  have  come  from  the 
materials  of  an  ancient  chapel  in  the  churchyard,  destroyed  some 
years  ago. 


Part  of  Cross  (?),  Wantage. 

It  seems  to  be  a  portion  of  the  circular  shaft  of  a  cross,  being  broken 
off  flat  at  the  back.  The  sides  show  the  beginning  of  other  panels 
similar  to  the  one  shown  on  the  front. 


48  Notes  on  pre-Norman  Sculptured  Stones  in  Wilts. 

These  examples,  of  which  illustrations  are  given  (with  the  angels 
over  the  chancel  arch  of  the  Saxon  Church  at  Bradford,  the  stone  at 
Codford  St.  Peter),  and  a  small  fragment  of  two  dragon's  heads 
biting  a  ball,  found  in  connection  with  the  remarkable  Saxon  north 
door  of  Somerford  Keynes  Church,  comprise  the  whole  of  the 
sculptured  stones  of  pre-Norman  date  at  present  known  in  Wiltshire, 
so  far  as  I  am  aware. 

A  curious  stone  which  has  formed  the  top  of  a  very  small  window, 
found  during  the  restoration  of  Broad  Hinton  Church  and  referred 
to  in  a  previous  number  of  the  Magazine  as  Saxon  (vol.  xix.,  p.  11  6), 
is  pronounced  to  be  Norman  by  Mr.  Romilly  Allen,  from  the 
character  of  the  diaper  ornament,  which,  together  with  some 
peculiar  foliage,  is  carved  upon  it — whilst  the  age  of  a  very  small 
sculptured  fragment  now  built  into  the  porch  of  Avebury  is  doubtful. 

The  origin  of  this  "  Hiberno-Saxon  "  interlaced  ornament  has 
been  much  discussed.  From  the  perfection  to  which  it  is  carried  in 
Ireland  an  idea  arose  that  it  originated  there  and  was  carried  by  the 
Irish  missionaries  to  Italy  and  other  countries — but  in  face  of  the 
fact  that  in  many  districts  of  Italy,  more  especially  in  Lombardy, 
ornament  of  the  kind  is  found  of  an  earlier  date  than  any  known  in 
Ireland,  and  that  it  prevailed  throughout  Lombardy  in  the  seventh 
century,1  the  best  authorities  now  hold  that  its  origin  is  either 
Italian  or  Byzantine ;  some  tracing  the  key  patterns  and  interlacing 
work  to  an  elaboration  of  the  fret  and  guilloche  patterns  of  the 
Roman  mosaics — others  holding  that  the  style  came  both  to  Italy 
and  to  Ireland  from  Byzantium,  and  the  East,  where,  as  Mr. 
Romilly  Allen  has  shown,  it  is  still  in  use  amongst  the  Nestorians. 

The  marble  well-head  in  the  centre  of  the  court  at  Wilton  House 
is  an  example  of  the  way  in  which  ornament  of  a  similar  kind  was 
used  in  Venice  in  the  tenth  and  eleventh  centuries.  And  the  re- 
markable font  at  Siddington — seen  during  the  Society's  Cirencester 
excursion  and  illustrated  in  this  number  of  the  Magazine — shows  the 
same  motives  lingering  on  in  Norman  work  in  England. 

As  to  the  date  of  these  stones  Mr.  Jlomilly  Allen  writes : — "  In 

1  See  Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  1891,  pp.  256  and  270. 


By  the  Rev.  E.  H.  Goddard.  49 

the  present  state  of  our  knowledge  it  is  impossible  to  give  exact 
dates  to  pre-Norman  stones.  Very  few  are,  however,  in  ray  opinion, 
earlier  than  A.D.  700,  or  later  than  A.D.  1000." 

Perhaps  we  should  not  be  wrong  in  assigning  most  of  the  Wilts 
specimens  to  the  later  halt'  of  this  period,  and  those  found  at 
Ramsbury  especially  to  a  date  subsequent  to  A.D.  909,  when  that 
place  was  made  the  see  of  the  bishopric  for  the  counties  of  Wilts 
and  Berks. 

NOTE. — As  regards  the  illustrations,  three  of  the  Ramsbury  photo-prints  are 
from  photographs  most  kindly  given  by  Mr.  H.  Baber.  The  other  six  Ramsbury 
photo-prints  and  the  two  from  Colerne  are  from  photographs  taken  specially  for 
the  Magazine  by  Mr.  B.  "W.  Bradford.  The  Knock  stone  is  from  a  tracing  of 
a  rubbing  kindly  taken  by  the  Rev.  W.  J.  Swayne,  Vicar  of  Heytesbury.  The 
diagrams  of  knots  and  the  plates  of  the  Bradford-on-Avon  and  Britford  stones  and 
one  face  of  the  Ramsbury  cross  base  are  from  drawings  and  tracings  of  rubbings 
by  Mr.  Romilly  Allen.  For  the  loan  of  the  block  of  the  Wantage  stone  the 
Society  is  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  the  Publisher  and  Editor  of  the  Antiquary, 
in  the  January  number  of  which  it  first  appeared. 

The  Ramsbury  stones  have  been  described  and  illustrated  in  a  paper  by  Mr. 
H.  F.  Stewart,  in  the  Report  of  the  Marlborough  College  Natural  History 
Society  for  1891,  p.  94,  and  also  partially  by  Mr.  E.  Doran  Webb,  F.S.A., 
in  the  Salisbury  Field  Club  Transactions,  vol.  i.,  part  ii.,  p.  90. 

[P.S. — Since  the  above  has  been  in  print  I  have  had  an  oppor- 
tunity of  visiting  Knook  Church.  I  find  that  the  stone  with  knot- 
work  ornament,  of  which  a  plate  is  given,  is  only  old  at  one  end  for 
about  one-third  (some  18in.)  of  its  length,  the  remainder  having 
been  copied  from  this  to  form  an  ornamental  ledge  above  the  altar. 

There  are  here  also  two  very  remarkable  capitals  now  on  either 
side  of  the  chancel  arch,  covered  with  shallow  foliage  decoration  very 
much  resembling  the  early  Byzantine  work  on  the  capitals  of  S. 
Vitale,  at  Ravenna.  It  is  hoped  that  these  as  well  as  the  tympanum 
of  the  door  on  the  south  side,  sculptured  with  beasts  with  interlacing 
tails  in  very  low  relief,  may  be  illustrated  in  a  future  number  of  the 
Magazine. 

Probably  I  ought  also  to  have  included  in  the  Kst  of  sculptured 
work  in  Wilts  of  pre-Norman  date  the  rude  carving  on  the  capitals 
of  the  tower  arches  of  Netheravon — which  I  believe  in  the  opinion, 
of  Mr.  Micklethwaite  is  rather  Saxon  than  Norman. 

E.  H.  GODDARD.     May  10th,  1893.] 

VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXIX.  B 


50 


on  %  Ornamentation  of  %  €avlg 
Cjjristian  |$lonmnent8  of  Miltsljiit. 

By  J.  EOMILLY  ALLEN,  F.S.A.  Scot. 

jN  1885,  when,  with  the  assistance  of  the  Rev.  Canon  G.  F. 
Browne,  F.S.A.,  I  compiled  a  "  List  of  Stones  with 
Interlaced  Ornament  in  England,"  which  was  published  in  the 
"Journal  of  the  British  Arch&oloyical  Association"  (vol.  41.,  p. 
351),  there  were  only  two  localities  in  Wiltshire,  namely,  Bradford- 
on-Avon  and  Britford,  where  monuments  of  pre-Norman  date  were 
known  to  exist.  The  recent  discoveries  of  other  examples  at  Colerne 
(2),  Cricklade  (2),  Knook,  Ramsbury  (6),  and  Somerford  Keynes 
add  five  new  localities  and  twelve  new  stones  to  those,  previously 
known.  The  amount  of  fresh  material  thus  brought  to  light  entirely 
revolutionises  the  notions  we  had  hitherto  formed  of  the  character  of 
Christian  art  in  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Wessex  before  the  Norman 
Conquest.  As  long  as  it  was  supposed  there  were  only  two  localities 
throughout  the  whole  area  where  stones  with  Hiberno-Saxon  ornament 
were  to  be  found,  it  was  only  natural  to  conclude  that  these  were  not 
indigenous  to  the  area  in  question,  but  were  outliers  from  some 
neighbouring  group  of  monuments,  such  as  those  of  Mercia  on  the 
north,  or  of  Devon  and  Cornwall  on  the  west.  Now,  however,  it 
appears  that  stones  of  this  class  are  almost  as  evenly  distributed 
over  the  length  and  breadth  of  the  ancient  kingdom  of  Wessex  as 
over  other  parts  of  Saxon  England — the  only  district  where  they 
are  conspicuously  absent  being  Middlesex  and  the  surrounding 
counties.1  In  the  light  of  our  newly-acquired  knowledge  we  must 
re-consider  conclusions  previously  arrived  at  with  regard  to  the 


1  The  absence  of  early  monuments  here  may  perhaps  be  explained  by  there 
being  no  good  stone  available  for  sculpture  in  the  Home  Counties.  As  time  goes 
on  further  discoveries  may  be  made  in  this  area  which  will  modify  our  views 
with  regard  to  the  geographical  distribution  of  the  stones. 


Ornamentation  of  the  Early  Christian  Monuments  of  (Fills.     51 

origin   and   peculiar   local   developments  of  early  Christian  art  iu 
England. 

The  circumstances  of  the  recent  discoveries  of  pre-Norman. 
sculptured  stones  in  Wiltshire  having  been  already  fully  detailed  I 
propose  to  add  a  few  notes  on  the  ornament,  which  may  be  classified 
as  follows : — 

Geometrical  Ornament. 

Interlaced  work. 

Step-patterns. 

Spirals. 

Ornament  derived  from  Natural  Forms. 
Zoomorphic  ornament. 
Foliageous  ornament. 

NOTE. — There  are  no  instances  on  the  Wiltshire  pre-Norman 
monuments  of  the  occurence  of  the  divergent  spiral,  key-patterns, 
or  figure  subjects.1  There  are,  however,  cases  of  Saxon  figure- 
sculpture,  not  associated  with  Hiberno-Saxon  ornament,  at  Bradford- 
on  Avon  and  Codford  St.  Peter's. 

Interlaced  work.  The  most  elementary  kind  of  interlaced  work 
is  the  plait,2  and  from  it  all  the  more  complicated  forms  are  derived 
by  introducing  breaks  at  regular  intervals.  The  places  where  the 
breaks  occur  may  be  easily  seen  by  placing  a  piece  of  tracing-paper 
over  the  pattern  and  drawing  a  regular  plait  on  the  top  of  it. 

There  is  no  case  of  a  regular  plait  being  used  for  purposes  of 
decoration  on  the  Wiltshire  stones,  except  at  Britford,  where  two 
bands  are  twisted  together  so  as  to  form  a  circular  garland. 

Of  knot-work  patterns  derived  from  the  plait  we  have  examples 
at  Cricklade  (G)  and  (H)  and  Ramsbury  (B  two  faces)  and  (E). 

The  knotwork  on  the  two  sloping  sides  of  the  fragment  of  a 
coped-stone  at  Cricklade  (G)  is  somewhat  irregular;  the  bands  are 
double-beaded3;  foliageous  terminations  are  introduced  where  the 

1  Except  the  mutilated  representation  of  an  angel  on  stone  (F)  at  Ramsbury. 

2  This  includes  the  twist  which  is  looked  upon  as  a  plait  of  two  cords. 

3  i.e.,  there  is  an  incised  line  along  thre"ceutre  of  each  baud,  making  the  cross- 
section  like  that  of  a  double  bead  moulding. 

E    2 


62  Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  0/  the  Early 

pattern  has  to  adapt  itself  to  the  sharp  angles  formed  by  the  hipped 
end  of  the  stone ;  and  a  diamond-shaped  pellet  occurs  in  one  place 
to  fill  in  the  space  between  the  knotwork  and  the  border.  The 
pattern,  as  far  as  it  can  be  made  out,  seems  to  consist  of  the  figure-of- 
eight  knot  (Fig.  1)  arranged  in  a  single  row.1  The  ornament  on  the 


99 

0. 


Fig.  1. 

triangular  hipped  end  of  this  monument  is  of  a  very  unusual  kind, 
having  the  general  appearance  of  interlaced  work,  but  when  ex- 
amined closely  it  is  found  to  be  composed  o£  triple-beaded  bands 
making  undulating  curves  systematically  on  each  side  of  a  central 
tree-like  figure. 

The  knotwork  on  the  stone  at  Cricklade  (H)  presents  some 
remarkable  peculiarities.  The  bands  are  very  wide  and  flat,  un- 
relieved by  double-beading,  so  that  the  work  looks  rude  and  coarse. 
The  spaces  between  the  knots  in  the  middle,  and  between  the  knots 
and  the  border  at  the  top  and  bottom  are  ornamented  with  circular 
pellets.  This  is  not  a  common  practice,  although  there  are  a  few 
other  instances  of  it  elsewhere.  The  pattern  is  composed  of  a  single 
spiral  knot 8  (Fig.  2)  in  the  middle  and  two  different  terminal 


Fig.  2. 


1  See  my  "Analysis  of  Celtic  Interlaced  Ornament,"  in  the  "Proceedings  of 
the  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,"  vol.  17,  p.  242,  Knot  G. 
2  Knot  C  in  my  "  Analysis,"  p.  242. 


Christian  Monuments  of  Wiltshire.  53 

knots  *   (Fig.  3)    at  the  top  and  bottom.      The  bands  forming  the 


Fig.  3. 

knot  at  the  top  do  not  seem  to  join  up  properly. 

Upon  two  of  the  stones  at  Ramsbury  [the  cross-shaft  (B)  and  the 
coped  stone  (E)]  are  excellent  examples  of  the  figure-of-eight  knot2 
arranged  in  double  rows8  (Fig.  4).  This  is  one  of  the  commonest  knots 


Fig.  4. 

made  use  of  in  Hiberno- Saxon  ornament,  because  it  can  be  so  easily 
derived  from  a  four-cord  plait  by  making  breaks  along  the  centre  of 
the  plait  at  every  third  crossing-point  of  the  cords.4  A  double  row 

1  Knot  No.  50,  "  Analysis,"  p.  239.  This  knot  is  frequently  used  as  the 
termination  of  any  pattern  derived  from  a  four-cord  plait  and  also  on  the  arms, 
of  cross  heads,  as  at  Brompton  and  Northallerton  in  Yorkshire^ 

2  "Analysis,"  p.  242,  knot  G. 

3  Ibid,  p.  254,  pattern  No.  140. 

4  Ibid,  p.  236,  Fig.  35. 


64 


Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  of  the  Early 


of  figure-of-eight  knots  may  in  a  similar  way  be  derived  from  an 
eight-cord  plait.  Stone  (B)  at  Eamsbury  is  interesting  as  showing 
two  different  ways  of  terminating  the  pattern  at  the  top  and 
bottom.  The  terminal  knots  at  the  bottom  (Fig.  3)  are  the  same  as  on 
stone  (H)  at  Cricklade.  It  will  be  noticed  that  on  all  four  sides  of 
the  cross-shaft  (B)  at  Ramsbury  the  designer  has  in  a  most  in- 
genious way  adapted  his  patterns  to  the  length  of  the  stone,  instead 
of  getting  a  larger  stone  to  suit  his  patterns,  as  would  be  done  now- 
a-days  by  a  less  conscientious  artist  to  save  himself  trouble.  The 
figure-of-eight  knot  arranged  in  a  double  row,  as  at  Ramsbury, 
occurs  elsewhere  at  Meigle,  in  Perthshire  ;  Llanynnis,  in  Breck- 
knockshire;  and  elsewhere.  Sometimes  the  number  of  rows  is  in- 
creased to  three,  as  at  Manby,  in  Lincolnshire ;  and  at  Govan  and 
Jordanhill,  near  Glasgow;  or  to  five,  as  at  Dolton,  in  Devonshire; 
or  to  six,  as  at  St.  Peter's,  Northampton . 

Upon  the  cross-shaft  (B)  at  Ramsbury  is  also  to  be  seen  a 
variation  of  the  twist-and-ring  pattern  *  I  do  not  remember  to  have 
noticed  anywhere  else.  Both  the  twist  and  the  rings  are  composed 
of  triple  bands  (Fig.  5),  but  where  the  bauds  of  the  twist  cross  in  the 


Fig.  5. 

centres  of  the  rings  the  outer  bands  are  joined  up  together  in  pairs, 
leaving  only  the  middle  ones  to  cross  each  other.  In  the  portion  of  the 
twist  in  the  spandrils  between  the  circular  rings  and  the  border  the 
bands  are  made  to  cross  over  and  form  a  plait,  instead  of  running 

1  "Analysis,"  p.  232,  pattern  No.  13. 


o 

m 
co 

O 

-n 

r/D 

TI 

H 

O 

-n 

O 

33 
O 


en    CO 


•  W   ';?^-^S.    -  -  /•'      TW  ls§ 

r  '^vi^^^^S^ 


Christian  Monuments  of  Wiltshire.  55 

parallel.  The  length  of  the  face  of  the  shaft  is  only  about  two 
and  three-quarter  times  its  breadth,  so  that  there  is  not  room  for 
three  complete  rings.  The  clever  method  of  finishing  the  pattern 
at  the  top,  so  as  to  get  over  this  difficulty  commands  our  admiration. 
The  circular  medallions  containing  beasts  may  perhaps  have  suggested 
the  twist-and-ring  pattern  of  the  interlaced  work  to  the  mind  of 
the  designer.  Anyhow,  the  ornament  on  all  four  sides  of  this  shaft 
must  have  been  set  out  in  the  same  way,  by  drawing  two  complete 
circles  and  three-quarters  of  a  circle  at  the  top.  The  nearest  approach 
to  the  pattern  on  the  Ramsbury  stone  (B)  is  on  a  stone  at  Durham 
Cathedral,  but  the  bands  are  double,  not  triple. 

The  only  other  ordinary  knot  which  occurs  on  the  Wiltshire 
monuments  is  on  the  fragment  of  the  coped  stone  (E)  at  Ramsbury. 
Here  the  tongues  of  the  serpentine  creatures  whose  bodies  form  the 
ridge  and  hips  of  the  stone,  are  tied  together  in  a  Stafford  knot1 
(Fig.  6). 


Fig.  6. 

In  my  "  Analysis  of  Celtic  Interlaced  Ornament "  in  the  "  Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Soeiety  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland"  (vol.  17,  pp.  211 
to  271),  already  frequently  referred  to,  I  have  termed  a  particular 
class  of  interlaced  ornament  "circular  knotwork,"  on  account  of  the 
predominance  of  bands  making  circular  curves  throughout  the 
patterns  of  this  description.  I  have  no  doubt  in  my  own  mind  that 
this  particular  development  of  interlaced  work  was  originally  in- 
vented on  the  Continent,  and  probably  in  Italy,  where  so  many 
examples  of  it  are  to  be  found.2  The  Celtic  artists  improved  upon 

'"Analysis,"  p.  242,  knot  A. 

2  Grado,  in  Dalmatia  ;  Milan  and  Como,  in  Italy ;  and  Grandson,  in  Switzer- 
land. 


56 


Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  of  the  Early 


many  of  the  patterns,  but  all  the  same  they  are  as  much  indebted 
to  a  foreign  source  for  the  first  idea  of  circular  knotwork  as  they  are 
for  the  conventional  way  of  representing  the  Evangelists  at  the 
beginning-  of  each  of  the  Gospels. 

The  decoration  of  the  stone  at  Knook  and  the  cross-base  (A)  at 
Eamsbury  is  worthy  of  careful  study  as  showing  the  way  in  which 
the  circular  knots  may  have  been  derived  from  the  simpler  class  of 
knots  founded  on  the  plait.  The  pattern  on  the  Knook  stone 
consists  of  knot  D  (Fig.  7)  (in  my  "Analysis,  p.  242)  arranged  in  a 


Fig.  7. 
double  row  facing  each  other1  (Fig.  8).     Knot  D  arranged  in  a 


Fig.  8. 


1  "  Analysis,"  p.  251,  pattern  No.  123. 


TWO  SIDES  OF   BASE   OF  CROSS'A)  RAMSBURY. 


I  I 


\ 


KNOCK   CHURCH. 


Christian  Monuments  of  Wiltshire. 


57 


single  row  can  be  derived  from  a  four-cord  plait  (see  "  Analysis,"  p. 
236,  No.  36)  and  therefore  a  double  row  can  be  derived  from  an 
eight-cord  plait.  By  making  pointed  ends  to  the  loops  forming  the 
knots  and  "sweetening"  the  curves  of  the  bands  between  each 
knot  the  appearance  of  the  whole  is  changed  and  its  development 
from  the  plait  disguised.  Almost  all  geometrical  ornament  is  capable 
of  conveying  several  different  impressions  to  the  mind  according  to 
the  way  it  is  observed  by  the  eye  for  the  time  being,  and  the  in- 
tellectual pleasure  which  a  pattern  gives  is  most  probably  dependent 
on  the  infinite  variety  of  these  kaleidoscopic  changes.  Taking  the 
Knook  stone  for  example,  if  the  attention  is  concentrated  upon  the 
portions  of  the  pattern  between  each  of  the  points  where  the  bands 
cross  in  the  centre,  it  will  seem  as  if  the  whole  was  formed  of  repe- 
titions of  knot  D  (Fig.  9) ;  but  if  the  attention  be  now  directed 


Fig.  9. 

towards  the  portions  lying  between  the  middle  points  of  each  of 
the  knots,  the  pattern  will  appear  to  consist  entirely  of  circular 
curves  with  two  diameters  crossing  each  other  diagonally  (Fig.  10.) 


Fig.  10. 

Turning  to  the  cross-base  (A)   at  Ramsbury  it  will  be  seen  that 
the  ornament  is  produced,  on  one  face  by  doubling  the  pattern  on 


58  Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  of  the  Early 

the  Knook  stone  (Fig.  11),  and  on  the  other  by  trebling  it.      The 


Fig.  11. 

circular  curves  now  assume  much  greater  prominence.  The  next 
stage  in  the  development  of  circular  knot-work  is  attained  by  intro- 
ducing a  second  smaller  circular  ring  within  the  outer  and  larger 
one.  There  is  no  example  of  this  in  Wiltshire,  but  at  Wantage  (cf. 
p.  47)  in  the  neighbouring  county  of  Berkshire,  a  fragment  has  been 
recently  discovered,  on  which  the  pattern  consists  of  circular  knot 
(No.  179  in  my  "Analysis  ")  arranged  in  a  single  row  (Fig.  13). 


Fig.  12. 

The  circular  rings  are  seldom  complete,  having  breaks  where  the 
bands  turn  inwards,  or  sometimes  cross  over  each  other. 


Christian  Monuments  of  Wiltshire. 


59 


It  has  just  been  shown  that  the  simplest  kind  of  circular  knot  (Fig. 
10)  is  derived  from  Knot  D  (Fig.  7),  arranged  in  a  double  row. 
The  more  elaborate  kinds  of  circular  knots  are  obtained  from  the 
simpler  one  (Fig.  ]  0)  by  combining  it  with  a  complete  circular  ring, 
either  enclosing  the  four  pointed  loops  (Fig.  13),  or  passing  over  them. 


No.  13. 
(Fig.  14).     Other  variations  can  be  produced  from  these  by  severing 


Fig.  14. 

the  bands  in  places  and  joining  different  parts  of  the  loops  to  the 
rings  much  on  the  same  principle  that  breaks  can  be  made  in  a 
plait.  The  connection  between  Figs.  13  and  15  and  Figs.  14  and 


Fig.  15. 
16   will  at  once  become  clear  if  the  knots  are  drawn  on  tracing 


60 


Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  of  the  Early 


Fig.  16. 
paper  and  then  placed  one  over  the  other. 

There  remains  now  only  one  other  kind  of  interlaced  work  to  be 
considered,  and  to  this  I  have  given  the  name  of  "  triangular  knot- 
work,"  because  the  space  to  be  decorated  is  divided  into  triangles 
by  the  setting-out  lines  and  a  knot  fitted  into  each  triangle.  A 
border  pattern  of  triangular  knotwork  occurs  at  Bradford -on -A  von 
(Fig.  17),  and  two  square  panels  of  the  same  class  of  ornament  are 


Fig.  17. 
to  be  seen  at  Britford  (Figs.  18  and  19). 


Fig.  18. 


Sculptured  Slab,  Bradford-on-Avou. 


Christian  Monuments  of  Wiltshire. 


61 


Fig.  19. 

Step-patterns.  On  the  Wiltshire  stones  the  key-patterns  which 
are  usually  associated  with  interlaced  work  are  conspicuous  by  their 
absence.  The  nearest  approach  to  a  key-pattern  is  the  stepped 
ornament  on  the  slab  at  Bradford-on-Avon.  This  is  a  very  un- 
common form  of  decoration  in  sculptured  stonework,  although  much 
the  same  kind  of  thing  occurs  on  the  cross  at  Irton,  in  Cumberland.1 
It  resembles  more  nearly  than  anything  else  the  silver  plates  pierced 
with  cruciform  openings  that  are  used  in  the  decoration  of  the  Irish 
metal  book  shrines.3 

Spirals.  The  only  instance  of  spiral  ornament  on  the  Wiltshire 
stones  is  on  the  slab  at  Bradford-on-Avon.  The  pattern  is  set  out 
by  dividing  the  surface  into  squares  by  parallel  lines  running 
diagonally  in  two  directions  at  right  angles  to  each  other  and 
cutting  the  margin  at  an  angle  of  45°.  The  squares  are  filled  in 
with  quadruple  spirals  and  connected  by  C-shaped  bands.3 

Zob'morphic  Ornament.  It  is  not  an  easy  matter  to  attempt  to 
classify  the  various  animal  forms  which  were  used  for  decorative 
purposes  in  Hiberno-Saxon  MSS.,  metal-work,  and  sculpture,  for 
they  partake  alternately  of  the  nature  of  the  quadruped,  the  bird, 
and  the  reptile.  The  simplest  way  of  transforming  the  ordinary 


1  Lyson's  "  Magna  Britannia,"  vol.  4,  p.  cci. 

2  As,  for  example,  the  cover  of  the  Book  of  Dimma  at  Trinity  College,  Dublin. 

8  See  "  Notes  on  Celtic  Ornament — Key  Patterns  and  Spirals,"  in  Proc.  Soc. 
Ant.  Scot.,  vol.  19,  p.  298,  pattern  No.  80.  The  same  pattern  occurs  on  the  font 
at  Deerhurst,  in  Gloucestershire,  and  on  the  fragment  of  a  cross-shaft  at  Penally, 
in  Pembrokeshire. 


62  Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  of  the  Early 

four-footed  beast  into  a  mythical  creature  is  to  give  it  wings.  If, 
in  addition  to  this,  it  has  the  beaked  head  of  a  bird  substituted  for 
its  own  it  becomes  a  griffin ;  or,  if  the  hind-quarters  are  changed 
into  the  looped  or  knotted  tail  of  a  serpent,  it  may  be  looked  upon 
as  a  dragon.  The  term  dragonesque  ornament  is  often  quite  mis- 
applied to  designs  entirely  composed  of  quadrupeds  or  birds. 

The  chief  peculiarity  of  the  zoomorphic  decoration  of  the  Irish 
MSS.  is  the  great  attenuation  and  extension  of  the  bodies  of  the 
beasts  or  the  necks  of  the  birds,  and  the  wonderfully  complicated 
•way  in  which  every  part  of  the  design  is  interlaced.  Were  it  not 
for  the  heads  and  claws  of  the  animals  peeping  out  here  and  there, 
the  general  appearance  is  that  of  interlaced  work  composed  of  broad 
and  narrow  bands;  the  former  being  the  bodies  of  the  beasts,  and 
the  latter  their  long  drawn  out  limbs,  tails,  and  ears,1  making  a 
kind  of  background  to  the  rest.  If  the  design  consists  of  a  single 
beast  standing  in  a  natural  attitude,  the  interlacements  are  generally 
confined  to  the  tail,  which  is  looped  and  knotted  in  various  ways.'3 
This  is  the  most  usual  way  of  treating  the  beasts  on  the  early 
Christian  monuments  in  England,  but  in  the  Irish  MSS.  further 
complications  are  produced  by  bending  the  body  of  a  single  beast 
into  all  sorts  of  unnatural  attitudes,  or  by  arranging  several  beasts 
symmetrically  in  pairs  so  that  their  bodies  cross  over  each  other. 

The  Wiltshire  stones  with  zoomorphic  ornament  upon  them  are 
Ramsbury  (A),  (B),  (C),  (E),  and  (F),  Colerne  (I)  and  (J).  and 
Somerford  Keynes. 

The  designs  on  the  cross-shaft  (B)  at  Ramsbury  and  the  fragment 
of  a  coped  stone  (E)  are  almost  identical,  and  consist  of  little  beasts 
enclosed  within  circular  medallions.  They  are  evidently  intended 
for  quadrupeds,  although  only  one  foreleg  and  one  hind  leg  are 
shown.  In  three  cases,  on  Ramsbury  (B)  and  in  two  cases  on 
Ramsbury  (E)  the  beasts  have  their  heads  bent  backwards  and  are 

1  The  ears  are  prolonged  to  a  most  extraordinary  extent,  looking  like  a  crest 
coming  out  of  the  top  of  the  head. 

2  For  good  examples  of  this  see  the  "  Commentary  on  the  Psalms  by  Cassio- 
dorus,"  at  Durham,  illustrated  in  Prof.  Westwood's  Miniatures  of  the  Anylo- 
Saxon  and  Irish  MSS.,"  pi.  18. 


Christian  Monuments  of  Wiltshire.  63 

biting  the  ends  of  their  tails.  In  the  remaining  two  cases  on 
Ramsbury  (B)  the  heads  are  shown  in  full  face,  instead  of  in  profile, 
and  point  towards  the  ground  ;  the  tails  being  curved  over  the  back, 
o  portions  of  the  beasts  are  interlaced.  The  spandrils  between 
the  circular  medallions  and  the  margin  are  ornamented  with  small 
rosettes,  or  leaves.  The  ridge  of  the  coped  stone  (E)  at  Ramsbury 
divides  into  two  branches  at  the  hips  and  terminates  in  two  beast's 
heads  whose  tongues  are  united  in  a  Stafford  knot.  On  stone  (F) 
at  Ramsbury  is  a  beast  with  its  neck  bent  over  biting  its  back, 
very  much  defaced. 

The  zoomorphic  designs  on  stones  (A)  and  (C)  at  Ramsbury,  and 
(I)  and  (J)  at  Colerne  are  to  some  extent  of  the  Irish  type,  but 
present  peculiarities  found  almost  exclusively  in  the  West  of  England. 
The  characteristic  feature  of  the  decoration  of  these  stones  is  the 
elaborate  way  in  which  the  bodies  of  the  beasts  are  ornamented  with 
various  conventional  patterns,  probably  intended  to  convey  some 
idea  of  the  texture  of  the  skin.  Other  instances  of  this  occur  at 
Rowberrow  *  and  West  Camel,2  in  Somersetshire;  at  St.  Oswald's, 
Gloucester ; 3  and  at  Dolton,  in  North  Devon.  The  same  kind  of 
thing  is  also  to  be  seen  on  the  ivory  casket  in  the  Ducal  Museum 
at  Brunswick,  which,  according  to  the  Runic  inscription  upon  it, 
was  carved  by  Nethii  for  the  most  noble  Aeli  in  Montpellier  of  Gaul.4 

On  the  early  Christian  monuments  of  Scotland  the  bodies  of  the 
beasts  are  either  left  quite  plain,  or  at  most  have  the  outline  of  the 
body  emphasised  by  an  inner  line,  and  the  junction  of  the  legs  with 
the  body  conventionally  indicated  by  spiral  curves,  but  there  is 
seldom  any  attempt  to  represent  the  texture  of  the  skin.  In  Ireland, 
also,  the  surfaces  of  the  bodies  of  the  beasts  are  left  quite  plain. 
The  only  instances  I  can  find  of  beasts  with  scaly  skins  on  pre- 
Norman  sculptured  crosses  in  England  are  at  Crofton,5in  Yorkshire, 


1  Pooley's  "  Stone  Crosses  of  Somerset,"  p.  8. 

2  Ibid,  p.  157,  and  Somerset  ArchceoL  Soc.  Proceedings,  1890,  Part  II.,  p.  70. 
*  Transactions  of  the  Bristol  and  Gloucester  ArcTi&ol.  Soc.,  vol.  13,  p.  118. 
4  Prof.  G.  Stephens'  "Handbook  of  Old  Northern  Runic  Monuments,"  p.  119. 
5  Proc.  Soc.  Ant.  Lond.}  2nd  Ser.,  vol.  4,  p.  33. 


64  Notes  on  the  Ornamentation  of  the  Early 

and  at  Kirk  Braddan,1  in  the  Isle  of  Man.  The  bodies  of  the  beasts 
have  a  double  outline  on  the  cross-shaft  from  St.  Alkmund's,  Derby, 
now  in  the  Derby  Museum  2;  on  the  font  at  Wilne,8  in  Derbyshire; 
on  the  cross-shaft  at  Collingham,4  in  Yorkshire ;  and  on  the  coped 
stone  at  Hickling,  Notts. 

We  will  now  examine  the  beasts  on  the  Wiltshire  stones  one  by 
one. 

One  face  of  the  cross-base  (A)  at  Ramsbury  has  upon  it  a  single 
serpentine  creature,  apparently  without  any  legs.  The  head,  which  is 
at  the  top  of  the  panel,  is  shown  in  plan  (i.e.,  as  it  would  be  seen 
looking  down  from  above  upon  the  two  eyes  and  pointed  snout).  The 
upper  part  of  the  body  is  tied  into  a  Stafford  knot,  and  the  lower  part 
forms  an  S-shaped  curve.  The  remainder  of  the  body  is  fined  down 
to  a  narrow  band  which  fills  up  the  background  with  interlaced 
work.  The  broad  part  of  the  body  has  a  double  outline,  and  is 
ornamented  with  a  chevron  pattern  made  with  two  incised  lines. 
The  narrow  part  is  double  beaded.  Another  of  the  faces  of  the  same 
cross-base  (A)  at  Ramsbury  shows  a  serpentine  creature,  similar  in 
general  appearance  to  that  just  described,  but  differing  somewhat  in 
the  details,  the  head  with  the  jaw  biting  the  body  being  represented 
in  profile,  with  a  fine  array  of  teeth. 

Fragment  (C)  at  Ramsbury  is  of  exactly  the  same  type  as  the 
one  first  mentioned.  The  head  is  shown  in  plan,  crossing  the  body 
on  the  right  side  of  the  stone,  and  the  body  is  ornamented  with 
chevrons. 

Fragment  (I)  at  Colerne  has  upon  it  the  upper  portions  of  two 
beasts  placed  symmetrically  with  their  necks  crossed  and  heads 
shown  in  profile  facing  outwards  over  each  other's  shoulders.  The 
two  fore  legs  of  each  beast  point  upwards  and  are  crossed  over  the 
necks  and  interlaced.  The  ends  of  the  two  tails  pass  through  the 


1  Cumming's  "  Runic  Remains  of  the  Isle  of  Man." 
2  Rev.  J.  Charles  Cox's  "  Churches  of  Derbyshire,"  vol.  4,  p.  122. 

3  Ibid. 
4  Prof.  G.  Stephens'  "  Old  Northern  Runic  Monuments,"  vol.  1,  p.  391. 


Panel  on  pier  of  Arch,  Britford. 


Cross-Base  A,  Ramsbury. 


•^^H^^  •     ^   .  f 

*      ''- 


!  «!<?:• 


.    I*-- 


7  .'f 


-   .    W77      rrrrfk*          ,1^ 

•£;-|:,:^'>cL^ 


, 


LU 


n 

s 


Sculpture  on  Pier  of  Arch,  Britford. 


Christian  Monuments  of  Wilts/tire.  65 

jaws  and  form  a  triquetra  knot  in  the  triangular  space  above  the 
heads.  The  bodies  of  the  beasts  are  more  elaborately  ornamented 
than  in  any  other  case  that  has  come  under  my  notice.  There  are 
spirals  just  below  the  ears  and  on  the  thighs.  The  decoration  of 
the  body  consists  of  a  mid  rib  with  cross  ribs  branching  out  from  it 
and  sloping  down  at  an  angle  at  each  side  from  it.  The  teeth,  eyes, 
ears,  claws,  and  all  the  other  details  are  shown  with  remarkable 
clearness. 

Fragment  (J)  at  Colerne  has  upon  it  portions  of  one  or  two 
dragons.  The  head  of  one  is  plainly  visible  at  the  top  of  the  stone 
and  its  claw  in  the  middle  of  the  left  side.  The  body  is  ornamented 
with  a  mid  rib  having  a  pelleted  chevron  on  one  side  and  cross  ribs 
on  the  other.  The  interlaced  work  in  the  background  is  formed  by 
the  tails  of  the  dragons,  which  are  narrowed  down  to  bands  of  the 
same  width  throughout. 

Upon  the  fragment  at  Somerford  Keynes  are  sculptured  the  heads 
and  necks  of  two  beasts  facing  each  other,  their  mouths  touching 
and  holding  a  round  ball.  The  outline  of  the  stone  corresponds 
partly  with  the  outline  of  the  beasts,  the  bodies  of  which  are  or- 
namented front  and  back.  The  tufts  of  hair  round  the  edges  are 
conventionalised  by  making  them  end  in  little  spiral  curls.  The 
rest  of  the  bodies  are  covered  with  Scandinavian  decoration  like 
that  on  the  Runic-inscribed  slab  found  in  St.  Paul's  Churchyard, 
and  now  in  the  Guildhall  Library. 

Foliageous  Ornament.  There  are  only  two  examples  of  stones  with, 
foliageous  ornament  upon  them  in  Wiltshire — at  Britford,  and  on 
the  fragment  of  a  coped  stone  (D)  at  Ramsbury. 

The  foliage  at  Britford  consists  of  scrolls  branching  out  on  each 
side  of  an  undulating  stem,  and  having  a  large  leaf  in  the  centre  of 
each  scroll.  The  sculpture  is  in  extraordinarily  good  preservation 
.  and  all  the  details  beautifully  executed. 

The  foliage  on  the  coped  stone  (D)  at  Ramsbury  consists  of  two 
sets  of  scroll-work,  like  that  at  Britford,  one  on  each  of  the  rounded 
sloping  faces  of  the  monument,  the  scrolls  being  interlocked  with 
each  other  where  they  intersect  along  the  central  ridge. 

YOL.   XXVII. — NO.    LXXIX.  F 


66 


IJote  on  Sbtdwm  of  ^tonejenge  ** 
Monging  to  |$fe.  M,  Cmmingtoii/ 


By  J.  J.  H.  TEALL,  M.A.,  F.R.S.,  Sec.  G.S. 

jS  these  rocks  have  been  described  by  such  able  petrologists 
as  Professor  Nevil  Story- Mask elyne  and  the  late  Mr. 
Thomas  Davies  (Wills  Mag.,  vol.  xvii.,  p.  147),  any  detailed 
description  of  them  is  quite  uncalled  for.  I  will,  therefore,  deal 
only  with  facts  bearing  on  the  possible  source  from  which  they  were 
obtained.  The  slides  submitted  to  me  for  examination  have  been 
taken  from  rocks  which  may  be  classified  as  follows  :— 

Diabases,  40,  71,  21,  63,  56,  55,  35,  48,  36,  22. 

Felsites,  52,  51,  65,  67,  50,  66. 

Calcareous  Chloritic  Schists,  58,  6,  70,  70,  53,  59,  74. 

Grits  and  Sandstones,  \,  1,  69,  45,  61. 

Un-named  RocJcs,  all  of  one  type,  73,  68,  57,  60,  19,  33. 

In  the  above  classification  I  have  adopted  the  names  already  in  use. 

Diabases. 

These  rocks  have  been  described  by  Professor  Nevil  Story- 
Maskelyne,  and  to  his  description  it  is  only  necessary  to  add  the 
statement  that  they  are  typical  ophitic  diabases  such  as  occur  in 
many  parts  of  the  West  of  England  associated  with  the  Palaeozoic 
sediments.  In  British  Petrography,  p.  232,  I  have  recorded  the 
occurrence  of  rocks  of  this  type  at  Yealmpton  Rock,  Park  House 
near  Dartington,  Pollaphant,  Catacleuse  near  Padstow,  south  of 
Anstie's  Cove  near  Torquay,  and  at  South  Petherwin.  The  col- 
lections of  the  Geological  Survey  contain  specimens  of  the  same 
rock  from  many  other  localities,  e.g.,  south  of  Dittisham  Corn  Mill, 

1  Numerous  specimens  of  the  stones  of  Stonehenge  have  been  obtained  by  me 
during  the  past  half -century ;  mostly,  with  rare  exceptions,  as  noted,  from  or 
under  the  turf  within  the  area  of  the  building.  Sections  have  been  cut  from 
many  of  them  for  microscopic  observation,  and  these  having  been  lately  submitted 
to  Mr.  Teall  for  examination,  he  has  favoured  the  Society  with  the  following 
important  communication. — WILLIAM  CUNNINGTON,  London,  April,  1893. 


Notes  on  Sections  of  Stonehenge  RocJcs,  67 

Knowles  Hill,  near  Newton  Bushel,  south-east  of  Woodleigh,  and 
Combe  Wood  near  Christow.  The  above  list  of  localities  might  be 
considerably  increased,  but  enough  has  been  said  to  prove  that 
ophitic  diabases  of  the  Stonehenge  type  are  widely  distributed  in 
the  West  of  England.1 

Felsites. 

Felsites  with  flow  structure — "  rhyolites"  of  some  authors — also 
occur  in  the  West  of  England,  but  they  have  not  attracted  so  much 
attention  as  the  diabases,  and  are  probably  not  so  common.  My 
colleague,  Mr.  Ussher,  has  sent  up  some  specimens  from  the 
neighbourhood  of  Wastor  Wood,  between  Kingston  and  Modbury, 
which  are  closely  allied  to,  but  not  identical  with,  the  Stonehenge 
rocks.  These  rhyolitic  felsites  must  not  be  confused  with  the 
well-known  "  el  vans  "  (microgranites),  which  occur  so  abundantly 
as  dykes  in  Devon  and  Cornwall. 

Calcareous  Chloritic  Schists, 

The  specimens  included  under  this  head  are  merely  schistose  green 
rocks  containing  chlorite,  calcite,  leucoxene  and  other  minerals 
common  in  decomposed  basic  igneous  products.  They  are  in  no 
sense  true  crystalline  schists.  Some  (No.  58)  show  traces  of 
vesicular  lapilli  and  are  undoubtedly  cleaved  basic  tuffs.  Rocks  of 
this  type  also  occur  in  Devon  and  Cornwall ;  but  owing  to  their 
decomposed  condition  they  have  not  been  frequently  cut  for  micro- 
scopic examination,  and  I  am  not  able  to  quote  many  localities. 
Specimens  sent  up  by  Mr.  Ussher  from  Fowelscombe  House  quarry 
and  from  Whitcombe  Road  quarry,  south  of  Kingsbridge  Road 

1  The  slide  of  diabase  No.  71  is  from  the  stump  of  the  obelisk  discovered  in 
1881  by  the  late  Mr.  H.  Cunnington.  Its  position  is  marked  S.  57  on  the  map, 
Wilts  Mag.,  vol.  xxi.  Mr.  Teall  describes  its  composition  as  follows: — "A 
typical  ophitic  diabase.  The  original  minerals  were  a  pale-coloured  augite, 
felspar  (probably  labradorite),  and  titaniferous  iron  ore.  The  secondary  minerals 
are  epidote,  chlorite,  and  leucoxene." 

Of  a  section,  No.  35,  which  was  obtained  many  years  ago,  by  Mr.  J.  Britton, 
from  the  stone  of  the  inner  circle  (No.  27  on  map),  Mr.  Teall  remarks  that  it  is 
so  similar  to  the  above  that  it  might  have  been  a  part  of  the  same  mass.  The 
diabases  of  the  inner  circle  and  those  in  the  inner  horseshoe  are  thus  shown  to 
"be  similar. 


68  Notes  on  Sections  of  Stonehenge  Rocks. 

Station,  present  many  points  of  resemblance  to  the  Stonehenge 
specimens.1 

Grits  and  Sandstones. 

These  do  not  seem  to  be  in  any  way  remarkable,  and  with  the 
exception  of  No.  61,  could,  I  have  no  doubt,  be  matched  amongst 
the  palaeozoic  sediments  of  Devon  and  Cornwall.2 

(No.  61  contains  glauconite  grains  and  foraminifera.  It  is  quite 
distinct  from  the  others  and  probably  formed  a  part  of  some  green- 
sand  deposit.  See  Wilts  Mag.,  xxi.,  144.) 

Un-named  Rocks. 

These  are  of  igneous  origin,  and  of  intermediate  composition. 
They  are  in  a  very  unsatisfactory  state  as  regards  preservation. 


From  the  foregoing  remarks  it  appears  that  the  ophitic  diabases, 
rhyolitic  felsites,  and  calcareous  chloritic  schists  belong  to  types  of 
rock  which  are  undoubtedly  represented  in  the  West  of  England. 
My  knowledge  of  that  district  is  not  sufficient  to  enable  me  to  point 
to  any  one  locality  where  all  these  rocks  occur  together ;  but  if  such 
a  locality  can  be  found  the  rocks  occurring  in  it  should  certainly  be 
compared  most  carefully  with  those  from  Stonehenge. 

1  The  specimen  No.  70  is  from  a  stump  also  discovered  by  Mr.  H.  Cunnington 
in  1881  (S.  28  on  map,  vol.  xxi.).      This  variety  of  rock  had  been  frequently 
found  in  and  around  Stonehenge,  but  it  does  not  belong  to  any  of  the  stones  now 
above  ground,  and  was  unknown  as  part  of  the  structure  till  1881.    Mr.  Teall 
describes  it  as  follows : — "  A  calcareous  chloritic  schist.     The  minerals  are  not 
as  a  rule  well  developed,  but  carbonates,  chlorite,  and  iron  ores,  including  pyrite, 
may  be  recognised.     The  rock  is  probably  a  cleaved  and  decomposed  basic  tuff, 
but  the  forms  of  the  original  fragments  cannot  now  be  distinctly  seen." 

2  The  black  quartz-grit  is  not  the  material  of  any  stone  now  in  situ,  above  the 
surface,  at  Stonehenge,  though  many  pieces  have  been  found.     The  probability 
that  it  does  belong  to  the  building  is  the  greater  from  the  fact  that  a  good  sized 
fragment  was  found  in  Barrow  41,  about  a  mile  from  Stonehenge,  accompanied 
by  a  specimen  of  the  calcareous  schist,  which,  at  that  time  unknown,  has  since 
been  proved  to  be  one  of  the  original  stones.     So  the  exact  locality  of  the  black 
grit  will  probably  be  some  day  found,  by  careful  search.     It  would  be  curious  if 
it  should  prove  to  be  on  the  dark  side  of  the  temple — furthest  from  the  rising  sun. 

No.  69  is  a  fine-grained  grit  or  sandstone  composed  of  angular  grains  of  quartz 
and  some  decomposed  felspar  ;  chlorite  and  iron  ores  are  also  present,  but  only 
in  small  quantity.  It  was  found  in  a  hole  near  29  on  map. 


69 


By  GEOBGE  E.  DAETNELL. 

I. 
THE  BUST. 

?HU)HEN,  some  five  years  ago,  all  that  was  mortal  of  Richard 
Jefferies  was  borne  through  the  softly- falling  rain  to  that 
ast  resting-place  which  he  had  chosen  for  himself,  not  in  the  dismal 
over-crowded  burial  ground  at  Goring,  but  amidst  the  grass  and 
flowers  of  sunnier  Broadwater,  it  was  given  him  GO  find  in  death  a 
wider  recognition  than  life  had  ever  brought  him.  The  long  hard 
struggle  for  bare  existence  was  over  at  last :  the  cup  in  which  so 
much  that  was  bitter  had  been  mingled  was  drunk  to  the  dregs. 
Fame  he  had  certainly  had,  and  that  in  no  small  measure — but  it 
came  with  empty  hands:  friends  — but  they  were  either  powerless 
to  help,  or  knew  little  of  his  extremity.  And  now,  when  it  was 
too  late,  the  world  began  at  last  to  realise  what  it  had  lost  in  him, 
and  to  express  it  in  various  ways,  practical  and  otherwise.  Of  Mr. 
Besant's  generously  appreciative  Eulogy  we  shall  have  much  to  say 
hereafter,  but  we  must  first  speak  of  the  latest  and  by  no  means 
the  least  proof  of  the  feelings  with  which  Jefferies  is  now  regarded, 
the  fine  bust  by  Miss  Thomas  which  has  recently  been  placed  in  the 
north  transept  of  Salisbury  Cathedral. 

Love  of  country  should  have  its  local  as  well  as  its  national  de- 
velopment. It  is  well  to  be  proud  of  our  empire  and  the  great  men 
to  whom  she  has  given  birth.  It  is  well  also  to  be  proud  of  our 
native  county  and  her  share  in  them,  however  small  it  be.  Our 
Wiltshire  Worthies  may  not  have  played  as  famous  a  part  on  the 
world's  stage  as  their  neighbours  of  Devon  and  Somerset,  but  that 
is  no  reason  why  their  names  should  be  without  honour  among  us. 
And  so — though  in  life  his  best  years  were  spent  elsewhere — though 


70  Richard  Jefferies. 

in  death  his  place  is  not  with  the  tombs  of  his  forefathers — it  has 
already,  somewhat  unjustly,  been  made  a  matter  of  reproach  to  us 
that  there  should  be  no  memorial  of  Richard  Jefferies  here  in  our 
own  Cathedral.  That  reproach  has  now  been  done  away,  thanks  to  the 
efforts  of  the  committee  which,  at  Mr.  Arthur  King-lake's  suggestion, 
took  the  matter  in  hand  some  two  or  three  years  ago.  The  execution 
of  a  bust,  to  be  placed  in  the  north  transept,  was  entrusted  to  Miss 
Margaret  Thomas,  who  has  succeeded  in  producing  a  fine,  though 
perhaps  somewhat  idealised,  likeness,  not  unworthy  of  its  place  near 
works  that  bear  the  names  of  Chan  trey  and  of  Flaxrnan.  The 
bracket  on  which  it  stands  is  by  Mr.  Thatcher,  of  Taunton,  and 
bears  the  following  not  too  happily  worded  inscription  : — 

"  To  the  Memory  of  l  Richard  Jefferies,  born  at  Coate,  in  the  Parish  of 
Chiseldon,  and  County  of  Wilts,  6th  November,  1848.  Died  at  Goring,  in  the 
County  of  Sussex,  14th  August,  1887.  Who  observing  the  works  of  Almighty 
God  with  a  Poet's  eye,  has  enriched  the  literature  of  his  country  and  won 
for  himself  a  place  amongst  those  who  have  made  men  happier  and  wiser." 

The  ceremony  of  unveiling  took  place  on  Wednesday,  the  9th 
March,  1892,  at  noon.  The  weather  was  dark  and  stormy,  and 
consequently  but  a  small  congregation  assembled  in  the  north 
transept  at  the  appointed  hour.  Mrs.  Jefferies  was  amongst  those 
present,  but  owing  to  some  misunderstanding  Miss  Thomas  did  not 
arrive  in  time.  Some  collects  appropriate  to  the  occasion  having 
been  read  by  the  Dean,  the  Bishop,  before  unveiling  the  bust  and 
handing'  it  over  to  the  custody  of  the  Cathedral  authorities,  briefly 
explained  the  purpose  for  which  they  were  met  together,  and  the 
pleasure  with  which  he  himself  had  taken  part  in  this  "  somewhat 
tardy  justice  "  to  the  memory  of  a  great  Wiltshireman,  "  one  in 
whom  we  recognise  a  gift  of  insight  into  the  beauties  of  Nature, 
given  him  by  God — one  who  bore  sickness  and  trial  and  great 
sorrow  patiently,  and  whose  soul  was  still  struggling  upwards 
towards  the  light." 

The   Dean  then  delivered  a  short  address,  in  which  he  touched 


1  It   may   here  be  observed  that  he  was  christened  John  Richard,  but  was 
always  known  only  by  his  second  name. 


By  George  K  Dartnell.  71 

very  happily  on  the  peculiar  appropriateness  of  the  unveiling"  of  this 
bust  of  one  whose  works  breathed  the  very  spirit  of  the  famous 
lines : — 

"  To  me  the  meanest  flower  that  blows  can  give 
Thoughts  that  do  often  lie  too  deep  for  tears  " 

by  a  Bishop  who  himself  bore  the  honoured  name  of  Wordsworth. 
It  was  well  said  by  de  Quincey  that  life  had  had  many  a  new 
pleasure  added  to  it  since  Shakespeare  lived  and  wrote  ;  and 
assuredly  not  the  least  of  these  was  the  pleasure  that  lovers  of  the 
country  and  its  associations  derived  from  the  works  of  Richard 
Jefferies.  No  man  of  our  own  time,  save  perhaps  Charles  Kingsley , 
possessed  such  a  combination  of  minuteness  and  fidelity,  such  a 
power  of  revealing  to  us  the  beauties  of  Nature.  The  story  of  his 
life  was  a  very  sad  one,  full  of  doubt  and  sorrow  and  poverty,  of 
vain  attempts  to  solve  the  problems  of  existence.  No  kindly  patron 
ever  came  forward,  to  release  him  from  the  daily  drudgery  for  mere 
bread,  and  so  set  his  genius  free  to  develop  itself.  But,  after  that 
long  struggle  with  disease,  despair,  and  poverty,  at  eventide  there 
was  light,  and  he  passed  away  listening  with  faith  and  love  to  the 
gospel  story.  A  great  gulf  of  generations  lay  between  us  and 
Chaucer,  the  morning-star  of  English  song,  but  the  spirit  which 
inspired  him  had  never  departed  from  the  sons  of  England,  and 
there  had  never  yet  been  lacking  among  us  men  who,  like  William 
Barnes  in  poetry  and  Richard  Jefferies  in  prose,  could  mould  into 
noble  words  the  sights  and  sounds  of  country  life. 

After  the  address  a  few  prayers  were  offered,  and  the  Bishop  then 
gave  the  benediction,  thus  bringing  a  most  interesting  ceremony  to 
a  close. 

The  committee  appointed  to  carry  out  Mr.  Kinglake's  suggestion 
comprised  many  well-known  names,  as  the  Bishop  and  Dean  of 
Salisbury,  Mr.  Walter  Besant,  Mr.  A.  Buckley,  Mr.  Burdett-Coutts, 
Mr.  A.  Chatto,  Mr.  Ambrose  Goddard,  Mr.  H.  R.  Haggard,  Mr. 
F.  G.  Heath,  Mr.  Andrew  Lang,  Mr.  C.  Longman,  Mr.  J.  W. 
North,  Mr.  C.  C,  Osborne,  Mr.  W.  Pollock,  Mr.  C.  P.  Scott,  and 
Mr.  G.  Smith,  Mr.  Kinglake  himself  acting  as  Treasurer. 


72  Richard  Jefferies. 

II. 
THE  EULOGY. 

The  main  facts  of  a  somewhat  uneventful  life  have  already  been 
set  forth  in  sufficient  detail  by  Mr.  Besant,  and  it  is  therefore  un- 
necessary to  say  much  about  them  here.  Thanks  to  the  affection 
with  which  Jefferies  always  regarded  his  native  place,  we  know  far 
more  of  his  boyhood,  and  how  it  was  spent,  than  we  do  of  his 
maturer  years.  Look  at  Bevis,  at  Amaryllis,  at  After  London,  at 
The  Story  of  My  Heart,  at  the  opening-  chapters  of  The  Amateur 
Poacher,  to  say  nothing  of  a  hundred  casual  allusions  elsewhere. 
All  are  full  of  those  early  days  at  Coate.  Be  the  names  of  the  actors 
what  they  may — Bevis  and  Orion,  Felix  and  Oliver — they  are  but 
Richard  Jefferies  and  his  brother.  Their  whole  out-of-door  life  is 
spread  out  before  us.  Now  they  are  canoe-building,  now  exploring 
the  wild  jungles  and  desolate  islands  which  their  fancy  pictured  for 
them  on  the  broad  reservoir  near :  now  with  a  score  of  playmates, 
armed  with  wooden  swords  and  spears,  they  are  acting  over  again 
some  old-world  battle-scene ;  and  now  the  desire  of  rivalling  Ulysses 
seizes  upon  them,  and  with  light  heart  and  lighter  purse  they  must 
steal  away  over  seas. 

All  this  time  he  was  drinking  in  half  unconsciously  the  influences 
and  the  knowledge  that  would  be  of  such  importance  to  him  a  few 
years  hence.  But  those  with  whom  he  was  brought  into  daily 
contact  knew  little  of  the  boy's  inmost  thoughts  and  cared  less  for 
them.  Our  Wiltshire  rustics  have  a  fine  contempt  for  what  they 
call  "  wonderments,"  and  are  not  slow  to  express  it :  so  you  may  be 
sure  that  his  odd  unpractical  ways  brought  down  on  him  the  charge 
of  "  wondermenting,"  with  all  its  direful  consequences. 

But  soon  a  change  came  over  him.  A  new  world — that  of  books 
— was  revealed  to  his  wondering  eyes.  From  reading  he  was  not 
long  in  passing  to  writing,  and  while  still  but  a  lad  he  found  em- 
ployment as  a  reporter  and  paragraph-writer  for  the  Swindon  and 
Cirencester  papers.  Most  of  his  work  in  those  days  was  of  course 
of  an  utterly  ephemeral  character,  and  would  now  be  impossible  to 
identify,  even  were  it  worth  the  trouble.  In  the  summer  of  1866 


"By  George  B.  Darlnell.  73 

several  short  stories  appeared  under  the  signature  of  "  Geoffrey  "  (a 
very  transparent  disguise)  in  the  North  Wilts  Herald.  They  were 
somewhat  of  the  "  Penny  Dreadful "  type,  and  are  hardly  worth 
considering  even  as  curiosities.  But  a  better  and  more  ambitious 
piece  of  work — The  History  of  Malmesbury — soon  followed,  under 
the  same  nom  de  guerre.  This  great  work  (which  Mr.  Besant  is 
probably  alluding  to,  when  he  speaks  of  a  story  called  "  Malmesbury^) 
was  in  twenty-one  chapters,  the  first  of  which  appeared  in  the  issue 
of  20th  April,  1867.  It  was  indeed  a  "  task/'  and  when  we  consider 
that  the  writer  was  then  only  in  his  nineteenth  year,  the  wonder  is 
that  he  "  performed  "  it  as  well  as  he  did.  In  the  opening  chapters 
the  old  monkish  records  were  a  storehouse  from  which  he  drew  very 
largely,  but  when  he  came  down  to  more  recent  times  everything 
had  to  be  hunted  out  and  examined  personally.  In  his  search  after 
a  certain  book  founded  on  a  local  legend,  he  tells  us  in  one  of  his 
letters  that  he  had  walked  fifty  miles  to  no  purpose.  One  such 
search  of  his  was  afterwards  described  in  Round  About  a  Great  Estate. 
Of  course  the  style  is  hardly  above  the  ordinary  level  of  a  country 
paper,  though  here  and  there  a  paragraph  rises  to  something 
better.  A  large  show  is  made  of  his  erudition,  and  allusions  to 
Homer  and  Plato,  Ahriman  and  Ormusd,  Faust  and  Don  Quixote, 
are  lavishly  scattered  about.  As  a  compilation  it  is  not  at  all  a  bad 
piece  of  work  ;  and  it  contains  much  that  is  interesting — indeed, 
with  a  few  necessary  corrections  as  regards  names  and  dates,  it  might 
be  worth  reprinting. 

About  this  time  he  began  working  at  a  similar  History  of  Swindon, 
allusions  to  which  will  be  found  among  his  letters  for  the  next  five 
years.  The  materials  ready  to  his  hand  were  apparently  so  scanty 
that  he  made  little  or  no  progress  with  the  work,  some  portions  of 
which  eventually  appeared  as  the  Goddard  Memoir.  In  1872  his 
great  opportunity  came,  but  he  failed  to  take  advantage  of  it.  The 
Times  printed  three  long  letters  of  his,  upon  the  subject  of  the 
Wiltshire  labourer  from  a  tenant-farmer's  point  of  view,  which 
attracted  widespread  attention.  Several  years  after  his  death  they 
were  reprinted,  with  other  early  uncollected  work,  in  the  Toilers 
of  the  field  volume.  Had  he  followed  up  this  hit,  his  after-life 


74  Richard  Jefferies. 

might  have  been  very  different  from  what  it  came  to  be.  But  he 
let  his  opportunity  escape  him.  Perhaps  his  powers  were  not  yet 
mature  enough ;  perhaps  he  did  not  realise  what  such  a  success 
meant.  At  any  rate  the  next  six  years  of  his  life  were  mainly 
devoted  to  work  of  quite  another  kind,  from  which  he  seldom  derived 
either  gain  or  fame.  The  first  of  these  publications  was  a  small 
handbook  on  REPORTING,  EDITING,  AND  AUTHORSHIP,  which  appeared 
in  187  tf.  It  throws  much  light  on  his  own  experiences,  methods, 
and  aspirations,  and  with  all  its  faults  is  by  no  means  badly  done. 
Next  came  the  GODDARD  MEMOIR,  which,  as  we  have  already 
observed,  had  grown  out  of  the  materials  collected  towards  a  work 
on  Swindon.  He  had  had  this  publication  in  view  for  ten  or  twelve 
years  past,  but  it  was  only  in  November,  1872,  that  it  was  actually 
completed.1  Several  unpublished  letters  relating  to  the  subject  are 
now  lying  before  us,  from  which  we  gather  that  Mr.  Besant's  re- 
marks as  to  the  family  setting  him  to  write  their  history,  and 
omitting  to  pay  for  it,  are  by  no  means  justified  by  the  facts  of  the 
case.  Whatever  Jefferies  wished  for,  both  as  regards  information 
and  pecuniary  aid,  was  freely  given  him.  The  book  was  absolutely 
his  own  idea.  All  he  desired  was  that  the  payment  of  a  few  pounds 
should  be  guaranteed,  in  the  event  of  his  being  unable  to  meet  the 
whole  of  the  printer's  bill  immediately  that  it  fell  due,  as  some 
portion  of  his  funds  were  just  then  engaged  in  another  publication. 
This  was  at  once  done.  More  than  this  he  would  not  have  accepted  : 
he  was  too  proud  a  man  to  take  assistance  from  others  unless  he 
absolutely  needed  it.  The  book  must  have  paid  its  small  cost 
(estimated  by  the  printer  at  £20)  very  fairly,  as  not  long  after 
publication  he  writes  that  he  has  only  thirty-three  copies  left  on 
hand,  which  he  considers  "a  very  good  sale  indeed  for  a  work  ap- 
parently of  only  local  interest/''  There  was  some  demand  for  it  in 
America.  Its  literary  merit  is  but  small  as  compared  with  its  local 
value.  He  had  at  one  time  contemplated  either  reprinting  it  in  an 
enlarged  form,  or  else  bringing  out  a  supplementary  volume,  but, 

1  The  first  distinct  mention  of  it  that  we  have  come  across  in  his  letters  is  in 
September,  1869. 


By  George  E.  Dartnell.  75 

like  many  other  projects  of  his,  this  came  to  nothing.  So  late  as 
November,  1875,  he  writes  that  the  second  volume  "  is  begun,  and 
shall  be  finished." 

The  following  year  he  wrote  several  articles  on  agricultural  life, 
and  planned  out  a  great  work  on  the  same  theme,  much  of  which 
was  eventually  worked  up  into  Hodge  and  his  Masters.  Of  these 
scattered  articles  those  on  Field-faring  Women  and  Marlborougk 
Forest  are  the  best.  In  them  his  style  is  already  matured.  About 
the  two  pamphlets  which  belong  to  the  same  period,  JACK  BRASS 
and  SUEZ-CIDE,  we  know  nothing,  but  they  were  probably  of  little 
value.  Between  1874  and  1877  he  did  an  immense  amount  of  work, 
of  which  the  greater  part  appears  to  have  gone  from  publisher  to 
publisher,  till  at  last  it  found  a  resting-place  in  his  waste-paper 
basket.  He  also  published  three  trashy  novels,  THE  SCARLET  SHAWL, 
RESTLESS  HUMAN  HEARTS,  and  WORLD'S  END,  and  wrote  THE 
DEWY  MORN,  which  however  was  not  published  until  seven  years 
later.  GREENE  FERNE  FARM  probably  also  belongs  to  this  period. 
All  of  them  are  failures,  the  characters  being  mere  puppets,  the 
plots  poor  and  forced,  and  the  execution  generally  crude  and  coarse. 
He  knew  absolutely  nothing  of  the  life  that  he  attempted  to  depict 
in  them,  and  there  is  very  seldom  a  passage  that  one  would  care  to 
quote  as  at  all  characteristic  of  him. 

Up  to  this  time  he  had  produced,  or  to  speak  more  precisely,  had 
published,  very  little  work  of  importance.  A  volume  of  a  hundred 
pages  would  probably  contain  all  that  was  of  any  real  value.  But 
now  a  great  change  was  at  hand.  In  1877  he  moved  to  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  London,  and  from  thenceforth  gave  himself  up  almost 
entirely  to  the  work  for  which  his  genius  was  best  fitted.  The 
following  year  saw  the  first  of  that  wonderful  series  of  books  on 
country  life,  to  which  we  turn  with  ever-renewed  pleasure.  Taking 
them  as  a  whole,  no  better  work  of  the  kind  has  ever  been  done, 
and  it  will  be  long  before  the  world  sees  their  equal  again.  Others, 
as  we  have  already  said,  could  on  occasion  surpass  him,  but  then 
their  nights  were  shorter  and  less  sustained. 

Five  of  these  volumes  followed  in  quick  succession,  and  as  many 
more  after  a  short  interval.     The  Saturday  Review,  with  its  usual 


76  Richard  Jefferies. 

acumen,  observed  of  one  of  them  that  it  was  "  a  multum  in  parvo 
encyclopaedia  of  country  sights  and  country  matters.1"  Exactly  so  : 
it  was  a  contribution  towards  one  or  other  of  those  four  or  five 
encyclopaedias  on  Shooting,  on  The  Country  Squire,  on  The  Agricultural 
Labourer,  on  what  you  will  of  a  similar  character,  that  were  always 
shaping-  themselves  in  his  mind,  but  never  to  be  completed  as  he  had 
planned  them.  They  have  a  fault  inseparable  from  their  origin, 
being  often  a  series  of  more  or  less  isolated  paragraphs,  lacking  the 
master-touches  that  would  bind  them  into  a  whole.  The  canvas  is 
overcrowded  with  detail.  Kingsley  has  given  us  exquisite  open-air 
pictures  now  and  again,  as  in  My  Winter  Garden,  and  elsewhere, 
but  they  form  only  a  part  of  his  many-sided  work.  He,  however, 
could  say  in  a  sentence  or  two  what  Jefferies  took  a  page  over. 
Look,  for  instance,  at  that  wonderful  idyll  of  Zeal-for-Truth 
Thoresby.  How  every  touch  of  the  fen-land  landscape  tells  !  There 
is  not  a  word  too  little  or  a  word  too  much.  The  whole  scene 
stands  out  clearly  before  us.  Jefferies  would  have  given  us  every 
leaf  on  the  abele,  every  reed-rond  in  the  fen,  and  though  we  should 
have  learned  much  that  was  new  the  impression  left  on  our  minds 
would  have  been  somewhat  blurred  and  indistinct. 

One  thing  is  very  noticeable  in  all  these  books.  Let  their  nominal 
scene  be  where  it  may,  it  is  of  Coate  and  its  surroundings  that  they 
tell.  Those  who  know  the  locality  as  it  was  twenty  or  thirty  years 
ago  could  probably  identify  every  field,  every  mound,  almost  every 
tree,  in  these  pages.  If  a  sheep-dog  stares  from  a  gap  in  the  hedge, 
if  an  over-ripe  apple  falls  thud  on  the  orchard  greensward,  if  a 
church-key  grates  as  it  turns  cumbrously  in  the  ancient  lock,  we 
feel  at  once  that  it  is  an  actual  dog  or  apple  or  key  of  those  old 
days  that  he  is  speaking  of.  All  are  drawn  directly  from  his  own 
experience.  Look  at  those  note-books  of  his,  from  which  Mr.  Besant 
quotes  a  few  pages.  They  are  actual  transcripts  of  Nature,  jotted 
down  on  the  spot  in  a  kind  of  verbal  shorthand.  Add  but  a  word 
here  and  a  word  there,  and  they  would  be  ready  at  once  to  take  their 
place  in  one  of  his  papers.  From  one  point  of  view  his  writings,  as 
literature,  suffer  from  this  habit  of  his,  though  looked  at  from  another 
point  it  is  among  their  greatest  charms.  The  Laureate,  in  a  letter 


By  George  fi.  DartnelL  77 

to  the  author  of  A  Canadian  Study  of  the  Princess,  confesses  that 
he  too  once  used  to  chronicle  mentally,  in  four  or  five  words  or  so, 
whatever  might  strike  him  as  picturesque  in  Nature.  But  the 
difference  between  the  two  men  was  that  the  poet,  when,  perhaps 
years  after,  he  came  to  use  these  notes,  so  thoroughly  blended  them 
with  the-  context,  that  old  and  new  became  one  flawless  whole, 
whereas  the  prose-writer  was  only  just  attaining  such  a  power  when 
he  died.  Sometimes  page  after  page  shows  clearly  that  it  is  made 
up  of  separate  jottings  on  separate  slips.  The  caliida  junctura  is 
everywhere  visible.  Now  and  then  the  slips  get  misplaced,  and  we 
have  lines  at  the  foot  of  a  page  that  should  clearly  stand  at  its  head. 
Now  and  then,  also,  some  long  episode,  which  should  have  found 
place  elsewhere,  breaks  the  continuity  of  the  narrative.  He  never 
really  attained  the  gift  of  selecting  and  proportioning  his  materials, 
and  so  working  them  up  into  one  harmonious  whole.  Hardy  can 
do  better  in  this  line — if  he  chooses.  Take  The  Woodlanders,  for 
example.  The  plot  (as  also  with  Jefferies)  is  not  the  pleasantest 
part  of  the  book,  but  when  we  escape  from  it  to  the  hayfield  or  the 
winter  woodlands  what  wonderful  pictures  he  gives  us!  He  can 
subordinate  the  lesser  to  the  greater — as  that  tree-planting  episode 
proves.  Jefferies  could  have  bettered  it  here  and  there,  and  yet  the 
effect  produced  would  have  been  less  decided  and  vivid. 

To  speak  more  particularly  of  these  books — there  is  hardly  a  word 
of  THE  GAMEKEEPER  AT  HOME  that  we  could  spare.  It  comes  very 
near  perfection  of  its  kind.  It  was  originally  published  in  the  Pall 
Mall  Gazette.  THE  AMATEUR  POACHER  is  perhaps  not  so  good  as 
a  whole ;  but  some  of  the  sections,  as  "  the  First  Gun,"  "  the  Old 
Punt,"  and  "  Oby  and  his  System/1'  are  particularly  interesting. 
The  opening  chapters  afterwards  afforded  him  much  of  the  framework 
of  Bevis.  The  next — WILD  LIFE,  is  in  his  best  style.  Note  par- 
ticularly the  chapter  on  "the  Waggon  and  its  crew."  There  is 
enough  matter  in  the  book  to  make  half-a-dozen  ordinary  volumes, 
and  it  is  written  more  on  a  distinct  system  than  some  of  its  com- 
panions appear  to  be. 

ROUND  ABOUT  A  GREAT  ESTATE  is,  for  Jefferies,  a  wonderfully 
short  book,  but  it  is  none  the  worse  for  that.  Its  three  predecessors 


78  Richard  Je/eries. 

were  nothing  if  not  practical,  but  here  we  first  recognise  an  added 
poetical  touch,  which  lies  however  rather  in  the  treatment  than  in 
the  actual  wording,  for  there  is  no  highly-wrought  passage  from 
first  to  last.  Some  of  the  sections,  as  "  Cicely,"  "  the  Brook/'  and 
that  delightful  visit  to  Uncle  Bennett,  are  perfect  in  their  way. 
To  our  thinking  it  is  his  best  book,  taken  all  round. 

HODGE  AND  HIS  MASTERS  comes  very  near  being  the  ideal  work 
on  the  subject.  It  deals  with  things  as  they  actually  are.  There  is 
not  a  so-called  poetical  touch  in  it  from  first  to  last,  and  yet  look  at 
the  chapters  on  "  the  Solicitor  "  and  "  the  County  Court/'  and  see 
how  true  to  Nature  and  how  graphic  they  are !  In  this  volume,  for 
once,  the  human  element  predominates. 

The  first — and  perhaps  the  greater — of  the  two  country-life  cycles 
ends  here.  Its  chief  characteristics  were  minuteness  and  thorough- 
ness of  detail,  absolute  truth  to  Nature,  a  plain  and  telling  style, 
and  a  freshness  which  could  only  have  been  caught  from  the  open 
air.  The  first  series  is  eminently  practical,  the  second  aims  at  more 
than  this.  The  first  seldom  or  never  contains  a  passage  whose 
diction  and  rhythm  verge  on  the  poetical ;  the  second  is  full  of 
such  passages.  One  says  what  it  has  to  say  at  great  length,  and 
with  remarkable  evenness  of  merit.  The  other  consists  mainly  of 
short  articles,  often  with  little  but  their  common  theme  to  con- 
nect them,  and  of  very  unequal  value,  now  rising  to  the  highest 
point  ever  attained  by  his  genius,  now  falling  below  the  average. 
To  account  for  this  we  must  remember  that  his  later  years  were  full 
of  suffering.  The  iron  grip  of  hell,  as  he  himself  says,  was  on  him, 
and  long-sustained  work  was  virtually  impossible. 

Between  series  and  series  came  two  books,  nominally  only  intended 
for  boys,  though  one  of  them  was  somehow  first  published  as  a 
three-volume  novel,  no  doubt  to  the  great  bewilderment  of  subscribers 
to  Mudie's.  Of  these,  WOOD  MAGIC  is  not  altogether  a  success. 
Few  care  to  wade  through  the  wars  and  intrigues  among  the  beasts 
and  birds  of  the  story.  Kapchack  and  Choo  Hoo  are  not  very 
interesting  acquaintances,  though  touches  here  and  there,  notably 
the  hawk's  death  in  the  trap,  and  the  retribution  which  falls  on  the 
keeper,  as  well  as  little  Bevis's  own  rambles  and  talks  with  the 


By   George  E.  Dartnell.  79 

hare  and  the  wind,  perhaps  go  far  to  save  the  situation.  The  sequel, 
BEVIS,  suffers  from  its  great  length.  It  would  be  all  the  better  if 
at  least  half  were  pruned  away — but  then  what  a  delightful  half 
would  be  left.  We  know  few  more  interesting  bits  than  the  making 
of  the  match-lock,  the  cruises  about  the  reservoir,  and  the  Robinson 
Crusoe  sort  of  life  which  the  boys  lead  in  their  cave  on  the  island. 
In  spite  of  home  being  almost  within  sight  all  the  time  you  feel 
with  the  boys  that  you  are  really  cast  away  somewhere  among 
savages,  and  you  are  as  much  bewildered  as  they  by  the  nocturnal 
visits  of  the  supposed  tiger. 

With  THE  STORY  OF  MY  HEART  we  have  little  to  do.  It  reveals 
much  of  his  own  inner  life  and  aspirations,  and  is  written  in  his 
poetical  manner,  but  is  too  morbid  and  mystical  to  arrest  our 
sympathy,  or  to  secure  our  convictions,  much  as  Mr.  Besant  and 
others  may  praise  it.  The  book  readily  laid  itself  open  to  the  charge 
of  atheistical  tendencies,  by  its  insisting  upon  "  the  existence  of  an 
inexpressible  entity  infinitely  higher  than  deity  " ;  and  its  strongly 
worded  craving  for  fulness  of  all  sensuous  pleasure  also  gave  offence 
to  many.  For  us  its  chief  value  lies  in  those  scattered  passages  that 
record  so  vividly  the  thoughts  and  aspirations  of  his  boyhood. 

Of  the  books  that  follow,  THE  DEWY  MORN  has  already  been 
alluded  to.  AFTER  LONDON  opens  with  a  vivid  picture  of  how  a 
country  can  fall  back  into  wilderness  and  barbarism.  Such  story  as 
it  possesses  is  fantastic  and  impossible,  but  for  all  that,  when  ifc 
breaks  off,  half  told,  it  leaves  us  with  a  strong  wish  that  the  rest 
had  been  given  us.  One  of  the  best  scenes  in  the  book  is  perhaps 
that  brief  skirmish  with  the  Gipsies,  in  which  Felix  demonstrates  to 
his  Shepherd-allies  the  long- forgotten  power  of  the  yew-bow  in  a 
practised  hand.  The  perilous  visit  to  that  awful  scene  of  desolation 
and  rottenness,  guarded  by  deadly  vapours,  which  was  once  the  site 
of  London  itself,  is  finely  imagined.  In  the  strongly-contrasted 
pair,  Felix  and  Oliver,  we  again  recognise  the  author  and  his  brother. 
RED  DEER  does  not  in  any  way  fall  within  the  Wiltshire  cycle, 
but  is  a  thoroughly  delightful  treatise,  and  as  accurate  as  it  is 
charming  and  picturesque.  That  brief  holiday  in  the  West  Country- 
gave  us  also  more  than  one  of  Jefferies'  best  short  papers. 


80  Richard  Jefferies. 

AMARYLLIS  AT  THE  FAIR  may  here  be  taken  somewhat  out  of  its 
proper  order.  It  was  the  last  book  published  during  his  life.  We 
may  say  of  it,  as  of  After  London,  that,  fragment  as  it  is,  it  still  has 
no  small  charm  for  us,  and  that  we  would  willingly  have  had  the 
rest  of  the  story  told.  It  deals  entirely  with  the  Coate  neighbour- 
hood, and  most  of  the  characters  in  it  are  sketches  of  his  own 
relatives.  Iden,  for  instance,  is  evidently  his  father.  Miss  Thomas 
mentions  that  the  latter  told  her  that  two  of  the  best  passages  in 
the  book,  the  potato-planting  and  the  choosing  the  leg  of  mutton, 
were  drawn  from  life  in  all  their  details. 

There  now  remain  only  the  four  T  volumes  of  collected  essays  and 
papers,  one  of  which  was  not  published  until  after  his  death .  These 
four  books,  with  Red  Deer,  make  up  the  second  great  series  dealing 
with  country  life,  but  they  contain  little  that  distinctly  belongs  to 
Wiltshire.  THE  LIFE  OE  THE  FIELDS  is  chiefly  remarkable  for 
three  articles,  of  which  the  first  to  be  mentioned  is  "  The  Field- Play  " 
one  of  the  saddest  things  ever  written,  beginning  with  sunshine  and 
brightness,  and  passing  away  into  unredeemed  tragedy  and  darkness 
at  the  close.  Crabbe  might  have  told  the  story  well,  but  Jefferies 
has  done  more  than  this — has  almost  attained  perfection.  Next 
comes  the  oft-quoted  Pageant  of  Summer,  which  is  in  his  finest 
poetical  manner.  Lastly  Village  Miners,  a  capital  paper  on  curious 
dialect  words,  mostly  Wiltshire,  which  makes  us  wish  he  had  given 
us  more  of  the  same  sort.  He  knew  our  folk-speech  thoroughly, 
but  apparently  did  not  recognise  its  real  historical  and  philological 
value — to  say  nothing  of  its  picturesqueness  and  rough  vigour — 
until  too  late  in  his  career  to  give  us  the  full  benefit  of  his  knowledge. 

Of  the  remaining  volumes,  THE  OPEN  AIR  deals  almost  entirely 
with  Sussex  and  the  neighbourhood  of  London.  The  resemblance 
between  parts  of  the  fine  paper  on  Wild  Flowers  and  Kingsley's 
Winter  Garden  is  worth  noting,  Its  mere  title  would  show  that  the 
volume  on  NATURE  NEAR  LONDON  lies  somewhat  outside  our  range  ; 
but  in  his  last  essays,  collected  after  his  death  under  the  title  FIELD 
AND  HEDGEROW,  there  are  a  few  distinctly  Wiltshire  touches,  as  in 

1  THE  TOILERS  OF  THE  FIELDS  is  not  here  included,  as  it  mainly  belongs  to 
his  earliest  period. 


By  George  E.  DartnelL  81 

Hours  of  Spring,  Field  Words  and  Ways,  Cottage  Ideas,  and  My  Old 
Village.  It  contains  several  papers  in  his  best  manner.  Every  line 
of  Hours  of  Spring,  for  instance,  has  the  true  ring  about  it,  and  were 
we  to  be  asked  to  select  the  finest  passage  in  all  Jefferies'  writings, 
its  first  few  pages  would  at  once  occur  to  us.  The  July  Grass  is 
also  a  fine  piece  of  work.  Its  last  paragraph  may  be  compared  with 
Emerson's  Each  and  All.  In  Nature  in  the  Louvre  he  surprises  u's 
with  a  new  phase  of  his  genius.  Walks  in  the  Wheatjields  and 
Summer  in  Somerset  are  both  of  great  excellence,  though  there  is  a 
touch  of  unexpected  bitterness  in  the  former  which  might  well  have 
been  spared.  My  Old  Village  is  as  rambling  as  the  hamlet  itself, 
but  for  all  that  it  has  a  wonderful  charm,  touched  with  sadness,  and 
the  end  is  in  his  best  style.  People,  he  says,  deny  now  that  there 
ever  was  such  a  village  as  he  has  been  describing.  Well,  perhaps 
they  are  right.  The  evidence  all  goes  against  him.  No  one  else 
seems  to  have  seen  anything  worth  seeing  there,  so  that  perhaps 
after  all  he  was  mistaken,  and  no  such  place  ever  existed.  Perhaps, 
too,  after  death,  he  will  find  out  that  there  never  was  any  earth. 

When  those  words  were  dictated  to  his  wife  the  end  must  have 
been  drawing  very  near.  Six  weeks  before  they  were  given  to  the 
world,  in  the  October  number  of  Longman's,  the  great  writer  was 
laid  to  rest,  in  the  quiet  spot  which  he  had  himself  chosen.  The 
long  martyrdom  was  over,  the  short  day's  work  was  done.  We  dare 
not  here  speak  of  these  last  few  years  of  pain  and  poverty  and  devoted 
love.  Some  record  of  them  will  be  found  in  Mr.  Besant's  pages, 
but  the  half  is  not  told  there,  nor  should  it  ever  be  told,  for  such 
things  are  too  sad,  too  sacred,  for  speech. 

The  seal  of  Death  has  been  set  on  his  work,  and  when  all  is  said 
and  done  his  name  will  still  stand  high  in  the  long  roll  of  those 
whom  England  holds  in  honour,  and  higher  still  among  those  whom 
we  are  proud  to  claim  as  our  Wiltshire  Worthies. 

III. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

i. 

Reporting ;    Editing  &  Authorship ;  Practical  Hints  for 

VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXIX.  G 


8£  Richard  Jefferies. 

*JU 

Beginners  in  Literature.  By  R.  Jefferies.  Pp.  33.  12mo. 
Half  cloth  boards.  London  :  John  Snow  &  Co.,  2,  Ivy  Lane, 
Paternoster  How.  Swindon :  Alfred  Bull,  Printer,  Victoria 
Street.  N.  D.  [July,  1873.]  1*.  Described  in  British 
Museum  Catalogue  as  16mo. 

A  handbook  in  three  chapters,  the  first,  on  Reporting,  being  full  of 
practical  hints  drawn  from  personal  experience  ;  the  second  briefly  sketching 
the  general  working  of  a  country  newspaper  office  ;  and  the  third  laying 
down  those  mistaken  ideas  as  to  authorship  and  publication  which  were  to 
cost  him  so  dearly  in  after  years. 

A  copy  of  this  work  was  sold  in  1892  for  £3  10s.    It  is  extremely  scarce. 

II. 

A  Memoir  of  the  Goddards  of  North  Wilts.  Compiled 
from  Ancient  Records,  Registers,  and  Family  Papers. 
By  Richard  Jefferies,  Coate,  Swindon.  One  vol.,  pp.  56.  Small 
4to.  Blue  cloth,  lettered  <T>^SD3i;O  on  side.  N.  D.  [1873] 
7*.  6<tf.  [Privately  printed  by  Simmons  &  Botten,  Shoe  Lane, 
E.G.] 

Contents  : — Origin.  The  Senior  Branch.  The  Swindon  Branch.  Minor 
Branches.  Miscellanies.  Pedigrees.  Apparition  of  Edward  Avon,  Father- 
in-law  of  Thomas  Goddard,  Marlborough. 

A  work  of  no  great  literary  merit,  but  useful  as  a  basis  for  some  future 
work  on  the  history  of  the  family.  It  was  very  severely  handled  in  the 
Athenaeum. 

Extracts  from  unpublished  letters  : — 

(a)  "  For   s  ome  years  past  I  have  interested  myself  more  or  less  in 
archaeology,  and  more  particularly  in  the  antiquities  of  my  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood, and  of  course  the  position  occupied  by  the  family  of  Goddard  has 
often  attracted  my  attention  to  their  antecedents,  but  beyond  what  is  con- 
tained in  Burke  I  have  not  hitherto  been  successful  in  my  enquiries.     .     .     . 
If  you  can     ....     give  me  any  information     ....     I  shall  feel 
it  to  be  an  act  of  courtesy  and  kindness  on  your  part     ....     there  are 
a  hundred  little  facts  which  are  not  recorded  in  Burke,  but  which  would  be 
very  interesting  to  me     ....     ." — Letter  to  Rev.  F.  Goddard,  9th 
September,  1869. 

(b)  "  You  may  remember  giving  me  a  number  of  particulars  respecting 
the  Goddard  family.     At  the  time  I  did  not  mention  the  reason  why  I  wished 


By   George  E.  Dartnell.  83 

to  collect  them:  it  was  this.  For  some  ten  or  twelve  years  I  have  been 
assiduously  collecting  materials  for  an  account  of  Swindon  (itself  alone),  and 
having  had  peculiar  opportunities  I  think  I  have  at  last  succeeded  in  my 
researches  :  and  I  am  now  thinking  of  early  publication  ....  It  was 
absolutely  necessary  that  in  an  account  of  Swindon  the  fullest  particulars 
should  appear  of  the  Goddard  family  which  lias  been  associated  with  it  for 
so  many  years,  so  many  generations.  After  exhausting  all  other  sources 
.  I  called  upon  you,  and  you  received  me  with  the  greatest  kindness 
.  ,  .  .  I  have  been  engaged  in  weaving  the  materials  I  had  collected  into 
.a  history  of  the  Goddard  family,  &  the  MS,  is  at  last  completed.  In  pub- 
lishing this  little  work  I  do  not  anticipate  or  desire  any  profit,  but  it  is 
natural  to  wish  to  escape  absolute  loss  .  .  .  .  The  contemplated  cost 
will  not  exceed  £20,  perhaps  less — half  of  which  I  am  willing  to  risk  myself, 
and  a  lady  who  is  interested  in  the  matter  is  ready  to  risk  £5,  leaving  a 
margin  of  £5,  I  think  I  am  justified  in  believing  that  the  sale  will  repay 
the  cost  of  production  :  but  ....  I  am  anxious  the  printer  should  be 
guaranteed  against  loss  ....  May  I  ask  as  a  special  favour  that  the 
subject  of  this  communication  may  be  kept  a  profound  secret  ?  It  is  my 
especial  desire  that  not  the  slightest  knowledge  of  my  intention  to  publish 
may  escape,  until  the  MS.  is  actually  printed," — Letter  to  H.  N.  Goddard, 
Esq.,  25th  November,  1872. 

(c)  "  I  am  much  indebted  for  your  kind  offer  of  assistance  in  the  cost  of 
publication.     I  have  no   doubt   myself  that  it   will  ultimately  repay  the 
expenses  ;    but  it  is  very  possible  that  it  may  not  do  so  before  the  printer's 
bill  falls  due.     My  great  object,  therefore,  is  to  feel  satisfied  in  my  own 
mind  that  I  can  meet  his  claim  the  moment  it  is  made.     Out  of  an  estimate 
of  £20  I  have  now  £15  guaranteed ;  leaving  £5.     If  I  might  go  so  far  as 
to  suggest  that  you  should  assist  by  kindly  guaranteeing  half  of  this,  or 
£2    10s.,  the  margin  left  would  be  a  very  small  risk  indeed." — Letter  to 
the  same,  27th  November,  1872. 

(d)  "You    were  kind  enough  yesterday  to  enquire  as  to  the  sale  of 
"  Goddard."     I    find  this  morning   that  I  have  only  thirty  copies  left  at 
home,  and  there  are  three  at  Miss  Woodham's,  the  bookseller,  in  Swindon. 
I  think  this  is  a  very  good  sale  indeed  for  a  work  apparently  of  only  local 
interest.    But  I  have  been  very  much  surprised  at  the  widespread  acquaintance 
there  appears  to  be  with  the  name  of  Goddard.     Copies  have  been  sent  for 
from  almost  all  the  Midland  aud  Southern  Counties ;  in  fact,  four. fifths  of 
the  copies  sold  have  been  sent  long  distances.     An  American  gentleman     . 

.  ordered  five  copies  ....  Several  gentlemen  have  started 
the  idea  of  a  second  edition,  &  a  printer  the  other  day  offered  to  print  it, 
&  wait  till  the  sale  repaid  the  outlay  for  his  money  ....  I  have 

G   2 


84  Richard  Jefferies. 

sometimes  thought  that  it  would  be  better  to  publish  a  second  volume,  con- 
taining the  additional  information  that  has  been  sent  me  ....  and 
to  finish  with  complete  and  exhaustive  pedigrees  ....  But  this  is 
only  an  idea  as  yet.  Should  it  ever  ripen  to  a  design  I  must  again  ask  your 
advice  &  especially  to  revise  the  MS." — Letter  to  the  same,  14,th  November, 
1873. 

(e)  "  I  have  commenced  the  second  edition,  or  second  volume  as  it  will  in 
effect  be,  of  '  Goddard,'  but  I  cannot  say  at  what  date  it  will  appear,  for  my 
time  is  now  so  occupied  with  literary  work.  However  it  is  begun,  and  shall 
be  finished  ....  It  is  my  desire  to  make  the  book  as  complete  as 
possible,  &  as  reliable  as  possible." — Letter  to  Rev.  F.  Goddard,  23rd 
November,  1875. 

Also  see  letter  to  Mrs.  Harrild,  7th  May,  1873,  quoted  in  The  Eulogy, 
ch.  iii.,  p.  95. 

Very  scarce.  Copies  have  recently  been  sold  at  from  30s.  to  63s.  See 
paragraphs  in  G-lobe,  llth  June,  1892,  and  previously, 

III. 

Jack  Brass,  Emperor  of  England.      8vo.     T.  Pettit  &  Co., 
Soho.     1873. 

A  political  pamphlet,  about  which  no  further  particulars  are  forthcoming. 
Has  fetched  42s.  and  upwards  at  a  recent  sale. 

IV. 

The  Scarlet  Shawl :  a  Novel. 

First  Edition,  one  vol.,  pp.  310.     8vo.     Tinsley  Bros.     1874 
[July].     10*.  6rf. 
Second  Edition,  one  vol.     8vo,     1877.     Is. 

Unfavourably  noticed  in  Athenaum,  Graphic,  and  G-lobe.  Crude, 
incoherent,  and  unwholesome.  Published  at  his  own  expense.  "  This 
book  affords  not  the  slightest  indication  of  genius,  insight,  descriptive,  or 
dramatic  power." — Eulogy,  p.  147. 

V. 

Restless  Human  Hearts :  a  Novel.  By  Richard  Jefferies, 
author  of  "  The  Scarlet  Shawl/'  etc.  Three  vols.  8vo.  Tinsley 
Bros.  1875  [February].  31s.  U. 

Noticed  unfavourably  in   Graphic  and  other  papers.       Belongs  to  the 
"  desperately  wicked  nobleman  "  school  of  fiction. 


By  Georgn  E.  Dartnell.  85 

VI, 

Suez-cide.     John  Snow  &  Co.,  London.     1876. 
A  political  pamphlet,  which  I  have  not  seen. 

VII. 

World's  End:  a  Story  in  Three  Books. 

?  First  Edition,  three  vols.,  crown  8vo.     Tinsley  Bros.,  1877. 
?  Second  Edition,  one  vol.     1877.     6s. 

In  B-.  M.  Cat.  and  Eulogy  quoted  as  three  vols.  Advertised  as  one 
vol.  Probably,  therefore,  two  editions  were  published. 

"  The  Queen,  the  Graphic,  and  the  Spectator  spoke  of  it  with  measured 
approbation,  but  no  enthusiasm." — Eulogy,  p.  161. 

"  The  story  centres  round  the  great  property  at  Birmingham,  considered 
to  be  worth  four  millions,  which  is  without  an  owner.  A  year  or  two 
ago  there  was  a  family  council  at  that  city  of  a  hundred  claimants  from 
America,  Australia,  and  other  places.  But  it  is  still  in  Chancery." — 
Letter  from  JefEeries,  Eulogy,  p.  160. 

VIII. 

The    Gamekeeper    at    Home;    or,    Sketches  of  Natural 
History  and  Rural  Life^ 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Cloth.  Crown  8vo.  Smith,  Elder, 
&  Co.  5*.  June,  1878.  Anonymous. 

Second  Edition.  Crown  8vo.  November,  1878.  Anonymous. 
Bt, 

Third  Edition.     Crown  8vo.     January,  1879.     Anonymous. 

5*. 

First  Illustrated  Edition.  Large  crown  8vo,  cloth,  bound  by 
Burn,  forty-one  illustrations  by  Charles  Whymper.  January, 
1880.  105.  6d.  [Now  priced  at  24*.  to  38*.] 

New  Edition,  with  all  the  illustrations.  Crown  8vo.  No- 
vember, 1890.  5*. 

Originally  published  in  the  Pall  Mall  G-azette.  Noticed  in  Edinburgh 
Review  (July,  1879),  Standard,  Daily  Neius,  World,  Saturday  Review, 
Spectator,  John  Bull,  Nonconformist,  Albion,  Whitehall  Review,  etc. 


86  Richard  Jefferies. 

In  advertisements  the  word  POACHING  almost  invariably  appears  in  the 
sub-title. 

Contents: — I. — The  Man  himself — his  House  and  Tools.  II. — His 
Family  and  Caste.  III. —In  the  Fields.  IV. — His  Dominions:  the 
Woods— Meadows— and  Water.  Y. — Some  of  his  Subjects  :  Dogs,  Rabbits, 
"Mice  and  such  small  deer."  VI. — His  Enemies:  Birds  and  Boasts  of 
Prey — Trespassers,  VII. — Professional  Poachers — the  Art  of  Wiring 
Game.  VIII.— The  Field  Detective— Fish  Poaching.  IX.— Guerilla 
Warfare  — Gun  Accidents— Black  Sheep. 

One  of  the  best  books  of  its  Rind  that  has  ever  been  written.  Style 
plain  but  forcible  :  no  fine  writing  whatever.  Subject  practically  treated, 
and  kept  within  reasonable  bounds. 

For  a  sketch  of  the  keeper's  house,  near  Coate,  see  Art  Journal, 
January,  1893,  p.  17. 

The  first  edition  has  fetched  47*.  6d.,  and  the  first  illustrated  edition 
from  24*.  to  36*.,  according  to  condition. 

IX. 

Wild  Life  in  a  Southern  County.     By  author  of  "  The  Game- 
keeper at  Home." 

First  Edition.     One  vol.     Crown  8vo.     Smith,  Elder,  &  Co. 
March,  1879.     7*.   6d.      [Has  fetched  425.  recently.] 

Second  Edition.     One   vol.     Crown  Svo.     Christmas,   1879, 
Is.  Gd. 

Third  Edition.      One  vol.     Crown   Svo.     November,  1887. 
Is.  6rf. 

New  Edition.     One  vol.     Crown  Svo.     April,  1889.     6s. 
American  Edition.     Roberts  Bros.,  Boston,  1879. 

*Contents  :— 1.— The  Downs.  II.— A.  Drought.  III.— The  Hillside 
Hedge.  IV.— The  Village.  V.— Village  Architecture.  VI.— The  Hamlet : 
The  Waggon  and  its  Crew.  VII.— The  Farmhouse.  VIII.— Birds  of 
the  Farmhouse.  IX. —The  Orchard.  X.— The  Woodpile.  XI.— The 
Homefield.  XII.  -The  Ash  Copse  :  Heron's  Mead.  XIII.— The  Warren  : 
the  Forest.  XIV.— The  Rookery.  XV.— Rooks  returning  to  roost.  XVI. 
—Notes  on  Birds.  XVII.— Notes  on  the  fear.  XVIIL— Snake-lore  : 

*  Only  the  leading  titles  of  the  chapters  are  given  here. 


By  George  E.  Dartnell.  87 

The  Brook.     XIX.-  Course  of  the  Brook:  the  Lake.     XX.—  Wildfowl  of 
the  Lake  :    Frost  and  Snow. 

In  the  Preface  the  author  sketches  briefly  the  definite  plan  of  this  work. 
The  subjects  it  deals  with  are  so  closely  connected  that  he  finds  it  best 
to  arrange  them  under  the  districts  to  which  they  belong  most.  The 
chapters  "  correspond  in  some  degree  with  the  contour  of  the  country," 
starting  with  the  Downs,  and  descending  thence,  along  the  course  of  the 
brook,  to  hamlet,  water-meadow,  farm-house,  copse  and  forest,  each  with 
their  characteristic  animals  and  birds,  till  the  end  is  reached  in  the  vale 
itself. 

Mostly  in  his  best  style,  but  occasionally  somewhat  disjointed.  Con- 
tains enough  matter  to  make  half-a-dozen  volumes,  and  would  perhaps  have 
gained  by  being  so  divided. 

Noticed  in  Saturday  Review,  Athenceum,  Standard,  John  Hull, 
Scotsman,  Bailey's  Magazine,  Academy,  Graphic,  Field,  Edinburgh 
Review  (July,  1879),  Scribner's  Magazine  (August,  1879,  p.  632),  etc. 

X. 

The  Amateur  Poacher.     By  author  of  "  The  Gamekeeper  at 
Home/' 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo.  Smith,  Elder,  &  Co. 
November,  1879.  5s.  Anonymous.  [Is  now  priced  at  about 


New  Edition.     Crown  8vo.     1889.     5s. 
American  Edition.     Roberts  Bros.,  Boston,  1879. 

Contents  :—  I.—  The  First  Gun.  II.—  The  Old  Punt  :  a  curious  "  Turn- 
pike." III.  —  Tree-shooting:  a  Fishing  Expedition.  IV.—  Egg-time  :  a 
"Gip-trap."  V.—  Woodland  Twilight:  Traitors  on  the  Gibbet.  VI.— 
Lurcher-land:  "the  Park."  VIL—  Oby,  and  his  System:  the  Moucher's 
Calendar.  VIII.—  Churchyard  Pheasants  :  Before  the  Bench.  IX.—  Luke, 
the  Eabbit-contractor.  X.—  Farmer  Willuin's  Place  :  Snipe-shooting. 
XT.—  Ferreting  :  A  Rabbit-hunter.  XII.  -A  Winter's  Night  :  Old 
Tricks:  Pheasant-stalking:  Matchlock  versus  Breechloader  :  Conclusion. 

Written  in  same  style  as  the  Gamekeeper,  but  hardly  so  well  put 
together.  Chapters  I.,  II.,  and  VII.  are  excellent.  The  first  two  of  these 
afterwards  gave  him  the  framework  of  much  of  Bevis. 

Noticed  in  Daily  News,  Saturday  Review,  Scotsman,  Graphic, 
Examiner,  British  Quarterly  Review,  John  Bull,  Albiout  Scribner's 
(March,  1880,  p.  362),  etc. 


88  Richard  Jefferies. 

XI. 

Greene  Feme  Farm  :  A  Novel.  By  author  of  "  The  Game- 
keeper at  Home." 

One  vol.,  pp.  290.  Crown  8vo.  Smith,  Elder,  &  Co.  Feb., 
1880.  75.  6d.  [Now  priced  at  about  30*.] 

Originally  appeared  as  a  serial  in  Time,  beginning  in  No.  1,  April,  1879. 

Noticed  in  Athenaum,  Spectator,  Scotsman,  Examiner,  etc. 

Contents  :— I. — Up  to  Church.  II. — "  The  sweet  new  Grass  with  Flowers." 
III.— The  Nether  Millstone.  IV.— The  Wooden  Bottle.  V.— Evening. 
VI.— Night.  VII.— Dawn.  VIII.— A-Nutting.  IX.— Gleaning.  X.— A 
Fray.  XI. — A  Feast— Conclusion. 

The  plot  is  weak  and  badly  worked  out,  and  the  characters  are  mere 
puppets  ;  but  here  and  there  we  meet  with  a  fine  piece  of  descriptive  writing, 
as  in  Ch.  VII. 

"  Neither  short,  bright,  dramatic,  nor  amusing." — Eulogy,  p.  201. 

XII. 

Hodge  and  his  Masters. 

First  Edition.  Two  vols.  Crown  8vo,  pp.  660.  Cloth. 
Smith,  Elder,  &  Co.,  April,  1880.  12s.  [Now  priced  at  21$. 
to  28*.] 

New  Edition.    One  vol.    Crown  8vo.   November,,  1890.    7s.  Qd. 
Originally  appeared  in  the  Standard.     Frequently  advertised  as  "Hodge 
and   his   Master."      Noticed   by    Academy,    British  Quarterly  Review, 
Field,  Examiner,  Graphic,  Standard,  etc. 

Contents  : — I. — The  Farmers'  Parliament.  II. — Leaving  his  Farm.  III. 
—A  Man  of  Progress.  IV. — Going  Downhill.  V. — The  Borrower  and 
the  Gambler.  VI.— An  Agricultural  Genius— Old  Style.  VII.— The  Gig 
and  the  Four-in-hand.  A  Bicycle  Farmer.  VIII. — Haymaking.  "  The 
Juke's  Country."  IX. — The  Fine  Lady  Farmer.  Country  Girls.  X. — 
Mademoiselle,  the  Governess.  XI. — Fleeceborough.  A  "  Despot."  XII. — 
The  Squire's  "  Round  Robin."  XIII.— An  Ambitious  Squire.  XIV.— 
The  Parson's  Wife.  XV.— A  Modern  Country  Curate.  XVI.— The 
Solicitor.  XVII.— "County  Court  Day."  XVIIL— The  Bank.  The  Old 
Newspaper.  XIX. — The  Village  Factory.  Village  Visitors.  Willow- 
work.  XX.— Hodge's  Fields.  XXI.—A  Winter's  Morning.  XXII.— 
The  "Labourer's  Children.  Cottage  Girls.  XXIII.— The  low  "Public." 


By  George  E.  Dartnell.  89 

Idlers.  XXIV.— The  Cottage  Charter.  XXV. -Landlords'  Difficulties. 
The  Labourer  as  a  Power.  Modern  Clergy.  XXVI. — A  Wheat  Country. 
XX VII. -Grass  Countries.  XXVIII.— Hodge's  Last  Masters.  Conclusion. 

Probably  the  best  work  existing  on  the  subject.  Style  plain,  but  very 
graphic  and  forcible. 

XIII. 

Round  about  a  Great  Estate. 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo,  cloth,  pp.  vii.  204. 
Smith,  Elder,  &  Co.  August,  1880.  5*.  [Now  priced  at  18s. 

to  25^.] 

flew  Edition.     One  vol.     Crown  8vo.      (?  189-—.)     5*. 

Noticed  by  JBritisk  Quarterly,  Echo,  Globe,  Public  Opinion,  Queen, 
etc. 

Contents  :— Okebourne  Chace.  Felling  Trees.  II.— Cicely.  The  Brook. 
III.  — A  Pack  of  Stoats.  Birds.  IV.— Hamlet-folk.  V.  -  Winci-anemones. 
The  Fishpond.  VI.— A  Farmer  of  the  Olden  Times  VII.— The  Cuckoo 
Fields.  VIII.- Cicely's  Dairy.  Hilary's  Talk.  IX.— The  Water-Mill. 
Field  Names.  X. — The  Coomb-Bottom.  Conclusion. 

The  shortest,  but  perhaps  the  most  delightful,  of  his  country  books. 

XIV. 

Wood  Magic  :  a  Fable. 

First  Edition.  Two  vols.  Post  8vo,  pp.  490.  Cassell, 
Petter,  &  Galpin.  June,  1881.  21s.  [Now  priced  at  21s.  to 

425.] 

New  Edition.  One  vol.  Extra  crown  8vo,  pp.  499.  Nov., 
1882. 

New  Edition.     One  vol.     1888.     6s. 
Noticed  in  Harper's  Magazine  (December,  1881,  p.  153). 
In  Eulogy  the  first  Edition  is  quoted  as  being  in  one  vol. 

Very  unevenly  written,  a  few  passages  being  in  his  best  style.  Contains 
Bevis's  adventures  as  a  child. 

XV. 

Bevis :  the  Story  of  a  Boy. 

First  Edition.     Three  vols.     Post  8vo.     Sampson,  Low,  & 


90  Richard  Je/eries. 

Co.     June,  1882.     31*.  §d.       [Now  priced  at  25s.  to  47*.  6</.] 
New  Edition.     One  vol.,  illustrated,  pp.  362.     1891.     6*. 

Noticed  in  Harpers,  January,  1883,  p.  392,  as  "  Two  vols.,  12mo."  Was 
this  an  English  second  edition,  or  an  American  reprint? 

Also  very  unevenly  written  and  badly  proportioned.  The  Eobinson  Crusoe 
life  on  the  island  is  mostly  excellent.  The  story  appears  to  have  been 
developed  from  the  earlier  chapters  of  the  Amateur  Poacher. 

XVI. 

Nature  near  London. 

First  Edition..  One  vol.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth  extra,  pp.  vi. 
242.  Chatto  and  Windus.  April,  1883.  [Now  priced  at  21*.] 

Second  Edition.     1887.     6*. 

New  Edition.    1889.    Post  8vo,  pp.  242.    Cloth  limp.    2*.  Qd. 

New  Edition.  Handmade  paper,  bound  in  buckram  with  gilt 
top.  6*.  In  press,  January,  1893. 

Noticed  in  St.  James's  Gazette,  Pall  Mall,  Athenaum,  Tablet,  Satur- 
day Review  (19th  May,  1883),  Harper  s  Magazine  (January,  1884,  p. 
322),  etc. 

Contents  : — Woodlands.  Footpaths.  Flocks  of  Birds.  Nightingale 
Road.  A  Brook.  A  London  Trout.  A  Barn.  Wheatfields.  The  Crows. 
Heathlands.  The  River.  Nutty  Autumn.  Round  a  London  Copse. 
Magpie  Fields.  Herbs.  Trees  about  London.  To  Brighton.  The  South- 
down Shepherd.  The  Breeze  on  Beachy  He  id. 

Reprinted  from  the  Standard.  Short  sketches,  aimed  at  showing  that 
wild  birds  and  animals— contrary  to  the  general  idea— are  almost  as  abun- 
dant near  London  as  in  distant  country  places. 

XVII. 

The  Story  of  My  Heart :    My  Autobiography. 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Post  8vo.  Cloth,  pp.  188.  Long-- 
mans, Green,  &  Co.  November,  1883.  5*.  [Now  priced  at 
30*.  to  42*.] 

Second  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo,  pp,  xii.  206,  with 
portrait  and  new  preface  by  C.  J.  Longman.  Silver  Library. 
1891.  a*.  6<*. 


Tty   George  E.   Darlnell.  91 

"  I  have  just  finished  writing  a  book  about  which  I  have  been  meditating 
seventeen  years  ....  it  really  is  an  autobiography,  an  actual  record 
of  thought." — Letter  to  Mr.  Longman,  22nd  June,  1883. 

"  This  book  is  a  confession.  The  author  describes  the  successive  stages 
of  emotion  and  thought  through  which  he  passed,  till  he  arrived  at  the 
conclusions  which  are  set  forth  in  the  latter  part  of  the  volume.  He  claims 
to  have  erased  from  his  mind  the  traditions  and  learning  of  the  past  ages, 
and  to  stand  face  to  face  with  nature  and  with  the  unknown.  The  general 
aim  of  the  work  is  to  free  thought  from  every  trammel,  with  the  view  of 
its  entering  upon  another  and  larger  series  of  ideas  than  those  which  have 
occupied  the  brain  of  man  so  many  centuries.  He  believes  that  there  is  a 
whole  world  of  ideas  outside  and  beyond  those  which  now  exercise  us  ... 
For  himself,  for  the  individual,  the  author  desires  physical  perfection — he 
despises  external  circumstances.  From  all  nature — from  the  universe — he 
desires  to  take  its  energy,  grandeur,  and  beauty.  He  looks  forward  to  the 
possibility  of  ideal  man  ....  is  anxious  that  the  culture  of  the  soul 
should  be  earnestly  carried  out  .  .  .  .  considers  the  idea  of  duty  in- 
ferior, and  believes  that  there  is  something  higher.  He  ends  as  he  commences 
with  prayer  for  the  fullest  soul-life." — From  Author's  Analysis,  in  Notes  on 
SooJcs,  30th  November,  1883. 

XVIII. 

Eed  Deer. 

First  Edition.  0ne  vol.  Crown  8vo,  pp.  207.  Longmans, 
Green,  &  Co.  February,  1884.  4*.  6d.  [Now  priced  at  30*.] 

Second  Edition,  with  frontispiece  by  H.  Tunaley,  and  sixteen 
illustrations  by  John  Charlton.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo,  pp.  248. 
Silver  Library,  March,  1892.  3s.  6d. 

Contents  :  — I.— Red  Deer  Land.  II.— Wild  Exmoor.  III.— Deer  in 
Summer.  IV. — Antler  and  Fern.  V. — Ways  of  Deer.  VI. — Tracking 
Deer  by  Slot.  VII.— The  Hunted  Stag.  VIII.— Hind-hunting.  IX.— A 
Manor  House  in  Deer  Land.  X. — Game  Notes  and  Folk  Lore. 

"  A  minute  account  of  the  natural  history  of  the  wild  deer  of  Exmoor,  and 
of  the  modes  of  hunting  them." — Letter  to  Mr.  Longman,  1883. 

The  best  work  in  existence  on  its  subject. 

XIX. 

The  Life  of  the  Fields. 

First  Edition.     One  vol.     Post  8vo.     Cloth  extra,  pp.  viii. 


92  Richard  Jefferies. 

262.     Chatto  &  Windus.     June,  1884.      [Now  priced  at  24*.] 

New  Edition.     Post  8vo.     Cloth  limp,  pp.  262.     April,  1888. 
2*.  6fl7. 

New  Edition.     Handmade  paper.     Buckram,  with  gilt  top. 
6*.     In  press,  January,  1893. 

Short  sketches,  collected  from  sources  indicated  below. 

Contents  :— The  Field-Play— (1)  Uptill-a-Thorn.  (2)  Rural  Dynamite 
{Time].  Bits  of  Oak  Bark— (1)  The  Acorn-gatherer.  (2)  The  Legend  of 
a  Gateway.  (3)  A  Roman  Brook  [Longmans'].  The  Pageant  of  Summer. 
[Longmans,  June,  1883].  Meadow  Thoughts  [Graphic].  Clematis  Lane 
[Standard].  Nature  near  Brighton  [Standard],  Sea,  Sky,  and  Down 
[Standard].  January  in  the  Sussex  Woods  [Standard].  By  the  Exe 
[Standard].  The  Water-Colley  [Manchester  Guardian].  Notes  on 
Landscape  Painting  [Magazine  of  Art].  Village  Miners  [Gentleman's]. 
Mind  under  Water  [Graphic].  Sport  and  Science  [National  Review], 
Nature  and  the  Gamekeeper  [St.  James's].  The  Sacrifice  to  Trout  [St. 
James  s].  The  Hovering  of  the  Kestrel  [St.  James's].  Birds  climbing 
the  Air  [St.  James's].  Country  Literature  : — (1)  The  Awakening. 
(2)  Scarcity  of  Books.  (3)  The  Villager's  Taste  in  Reading.  (4)  Plan 
of  Distribution  [Pall  Mall].  Sunlight  in  a  London  Square  [Pall 
Mall].  Venice  in  the  East  End  [Pall  Mall].  The  Pigeons  at  the  British 
Museum  [Pall  Mall].  The  Plainest  City  in  Europe  [Pall  Mall]. 

Noticed  in  Derby  Mercury,  Society,  Saturday  Review  (12th  November, 
1884),  Nature  Notes  (April,  1893),  etc. 

Contains  some  of  his  best  work,  as  The  Field  Play,  and  The  Pageant 
of  Summer  ;  also  Village  Miners,  his  only  article  on  dialect. 

XX. 

The  Dewy  Morn.     A  Novel. 

First  Edition.  Two  vols.  Post  8vo.  Bentley.  August, 
1884.  21*. 

Second  Edition.     Two  vols.     1889. 

Third  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo,  pp.  396.  65.  "Bent- 
ley's  Favourite  Novels/'  June,  1891. 

Noticed  in  John  Bull,  Vanity  Fair,  Morning  Post,  Academy,  Satur- 
day Review  (18th  October,  1884),  etc. 


'By  George  E.  Dartnell.  93 

Frequently  advertised  as  "In  a  Dewy  Morn"  and  "In  the  Dewy  Morn." 
Written  about  1875,  and  then  declined  by  Tinsley  Bros. 

Like  Greene  Feme  Farm,  mostly  crude  and  weak,  with  a  few  good 
passages. 

XXI. 

After  London;  or,  Wild  England. 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo,  pp.  vii.  442.  Cassell 
&  Co.  1885.  J0«s.  Qd.  [Now  priced  at  24s.  to  30,?.] 

New  Edition.  One  vol.  November,  1886.  3s.  6d.  [Now 
priced  at  7*.  6^.] 

In  two  parts: — Part  I.  The  Eelapse  into  Barbarism.  Part  II.  Wild 
England. 

Noticed  in  Harper's  (October,  1885,  p.  804),  Saturday  Review  (llth 
July,  1885),  etc. 

An  attempt  at  depicting  an  imagined  relapse  of  England  into  semi- 
barbarism.  The  story  stops  short  in  the  middle,  leaving  us  in  doubt  whether 
Felix  succeeds  in  his  efforts  to  re-establish  order,  or  falls  a  victim  to  his 
enemies. 

XXII. 

The  Open  Air. 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Post  8vo.  Cloth  Extra,  pp.  270. 
Chatto  &  Windus.  1885.  6*.  [Now  priced  at  16s.  6d.  to  18s.] 

New  Edition.     Post  8vo.     Cloth  limp.     1890.     2s.  Qd. 

New  Edition.  Handmade  paper.  Buckram  with  gilt  top. 
In  press,  January,  1893.  6s. 

Contents  : — Saint  Guido  [English  Illustrated,  December,  1884),  Golden- 
brown.  Wild  Flowers.  Sunny  Brighton.  The  Pine  Wood.  Nature  on  the 
Koof.  One  of  the  New  Voters.  The  Modern  Thames.  The  Single-barrel 
Gun.  The  Haunt  of  the  Hare.  The  Bathing  Season.  Under  the  Acorns. 
Downs.  Forest.  Beauty  in  the  Country.  Out  of  Doors  in  February. 
Haunts  of  the  Lapwing.  Outside  London.  On  the  London  Eoad.  Ked 
Hoofs  of  London.  A  Wet  Night  in  London. 

Short  papers,  collected  from  Chambers' s  Journal,  English  Illustrated, 
Good  Words,  Longmans,  Manchester  Guardian,  Pall  Mall,  St.  James's 
Gazette,  and  Standard. 


94  Richard  Jefferies. 

XXTIT. 
Amaryllis  at  the  Fair :   a  Novel. 

First  Edition.     One  vol.     Crown  8vo.     Cloth  extra,  pp.  260. 
Sampson,  Low,  &  Co.      March,   1887.     75,  QcL     [Now  priced 
at  7*.  Qd.  to  12*.  6d.]. 
Noticed  in  Saturday  Review,  9th  April,  1887. 

The  best  of  his  so-called  novels.  The  scenery  is  that  of  Coate,  and  the 
characters  are  mostly  drawn  from  his  own  relatives.  Like  After  London, 
it  stops  short  just  as  the  plot  should  be  developing  itself. 

XXIV. 

Field  and  Hedgerow  :  being  the  Last  Essays  of  Richard 
Jefferies,  collected  by  his  Widow. 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  pp.  viii.  331, 
with  portrait.  Longmans,  January,  1889.  [Now  priced  at 
155.  to  185.] 

Large  Paper  Edition,  limited  to  two  hundred  copies,  with 
etched  portrait  by  W.  Strang,  half  vellum,  imperial  8vo,  gilt 
top,  January,  1889  (price  on  application).  [Now  priced  at 
18*.  to  30*.] 

New  Edition.      Crown  8vo.      Portrait.      In  Silver  Library, 
August,  1891.     3s.  6d. 
Noticed  in  Saturday  Review  (9th  February,  1889),  Morning  Post,  etc. 

Contents: — Hours  of  Spring  [Longmans,  1885],  Nature  and  Books 
[Fortnightly],  The  July  Grass  [Pall  Mall],  Winds  of  Heaven  [Chambers'* 
Journal],  The  Country  Sunday  [Longmans,  June,  1887],  The  Country-side  : 
Sussex  [Manchester  G-uardian],  Swallow-time  [Standard],  Buckhurst 
Park  [Standard],  House-martins  [Standard],  Among  the  Nuts  [Stan- 
dard], Walks  in  the  Wheat-fields  [English  Illustrated,  July  and  August, 
1887],  Just  before  Winter  [Chambers' s]t  Locality  and  Nature  [Pall  Mall], 
Country  Places  [Manchester  G-uardian],  Field  Words  and  Ways  [Cham- 
bers^], Cottage  Ideas  [Chambers's],  April  Gossip  [St.  James's],  Some 
April  Insects  [Pall  Mall],  The  Time  of  Year  [Pall  Mall],  Mixed  Days 
of  May  and  December  [Pall  Mall],  The  Makers  of  Summer  [Pall  Mall], 
Steam  on  Country  Roads  [Standard],  Field  Sports  in  Art:  The  Mammoth 
Hunter  [Art  Journal,  April,  1885],  Birds'  Nests  [St.  James's],  Nature  in 
the  Louvre  [Magazine  of  Art],  Summer  in  Somerset  [English  Illustrated, 


Sy  George  E.  Darlnell.  95 

October,  1887],  An  English  Deer-Park  [The  Century,  October,  1888],  My 
Old  Village  [Longmans,  October,  1887],  My  Chaffinch  [Pall  Mall]. 

Collected  papers  from  sources  indicated  above. 

Contains  some  of  his  finest  work,  as  "  Hours  of  Spring,"  "  The  July 
Grass,"  "Walks  in  the  Wheat-fields,"  "  Summer  in  Somerset,"  and  "My 
Old  Village,"  also  what  is  perhaps  his  only  acknowledged  piece  of  verse, 
"My  Chaffinch,"  in  which  we  find  a  style  curiously  reminding  us  of  certain 
of  Miss  Ingelow's  narrative  poems. 

XXV. 

The  Toilers  of  the  Field. 

First  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo.  Cloth,  with  paper 
label,  pp.  327.  Longmans.  November,  1892.  6s.  With 
portrait  from  the  bust  by  Miss  Thomas  in  Salisbury  Cathedral, 
photographed  by  Mr.  J.  Owen,  of  Salisbury. 

Large  Paper  Edition,  November,  1892,  limited  to  one  hundred 
and  five  copies  (price  on  application  to  publishers). 

New  Edition.  One  vol.  Crown  8vo.  6s.  Third  thousand, 
April,  1893. 

Contents  : — Part  I.  :  The  Farmer  at  Home :  The  Labourer's  Daily  Life  : 
Field-faring  Women  :  An  English  Homestead ;  John  Smith's  Shanty  [all 
from  Frasers,  1874]  :  Wiltshire  Labourers  [Letters  to  the  Times,  1872]  : 
A  True  Tale  of  the  Wiltshire  Labourer.  Part  II. :  The  Coming  of  Summer 
[Longmans,  December,  1891] :  The  Golden-crested  Wren  [Longmans]  : 
An  Extinct  Race  [Longma-ns~\  :  Orchis  Mascula  [Longmans']  :  The  Lions 
in  Trafalgar  Square  [Longmans,  March,  1892]. 

Noticed  in  Devizes  Gazette,  1st  and  8th  December,  1892. 

A  True  Tale  was  written  about  1867,  and  rejected  by  several  magazines 
aud  papers,  eventually  falling  into  the  hands  of  Mr.  George  Harmer,  of 
Cirencester. 


IV. 
MISCELLANEA. 

MAGAZINE  AND  OTHER  ARTICLES,  NOT  YET  REPRINTED. 

1866.     "Pour  short  stories  by  "  Geoffrey/'  in  North  Wilts  Herald  :— 
A  Strange  Story. 


96  Richard  Jefferies. 

Henrique  Beaumont. 

Who  ivill  win  ?  or}  American  Adventure. 


1867.       The  History  of  Malmesbury,  by  "  Geoffrey,"    twenty-one 
chapters,  with  appendix,  North  Wilts  Herald,  20th  April,  etc. 

Its  appearance  was  thus  announced  by  the  Editor  : — "To  OUE  READERS. 
The  antiquity  of  Malmesbury  and  its  many  historic  associations  render  it  of 
more  than  ordinary  interest.  With  a  view  of  making  our  readers  familiar 
with  many  facts  in  their  own  locality,  we  have  arranged  for  the  publication 
in  hebdomadal  instalments  of  a  *  HISTORY  OF  MALMESBURY,'  from  earliest 
to  modern  times.  The  task  will  be  performed  by  a  gentleman  of  considerable 
ability  and  much  knowledge  of  county  lore.  The  proprietor  trusts  that  this 
effort  to  render  the  '  Herald '  additionally  attractive  will  be  appreciated  by 
the  extensive  circle  of  readers  in  the  Malmesbury  and  Tetbury  district." 

The  History  of  Swindon  would  seem  to  have  appeared  in 
instalments  in  the  local  papers  about  this  time. 

Jefferies  once  proposed  to  issue  this  by  subscription  at  1*.  6d.,  and  names 
were  to  be  sent  to  the  Author,  or  to  Mrs.  Booth,  bookseller,  Swindon. 

1873.  On  Swindon,  its  History  and  Antiquities,  a  paper  read  before 
the   Wilts  Archaeological  Society,  and  published  in  Wilts  Arch. 
Mag.,  xiv.,  p.  180. 

The  Future  of  Farming  \Fraser  s~\. 

1874.  The  Works  at  Swindon  [Erasers'] . 

1875.  Allotment  Gardens  [New  Quarterly,  November]. 
Field-faring  Women  [Graphic}. 

Marlborough  Forest. 
Village  Churches. 
The  Average  of  Beauty- 
Village  Organization  [Mark  Lane  Express], 
The  Cost  of  Agricultural  Labour  [Standard] . 
The  Power  of  the  Farmer  {Fortnightly} . 

1883.  An   Analysis  of    The  Story  of  My  Hearty  in  Longman's 
"  Notes  on  Books,"  30th  November. 

1884.  A  King  of  Acres  [Chambers  3  February]. 

After  the  County  Franchise  [Longmans,  February] . 
1886.      Out  of  the  Season.     Published  in  "  The  Dove's  Nest  and 


By  George  E.  Dartnell.  97 

other  Tales,"  by  Joseph  Hatton,  R.  Jefferies,  H.  S.  Clarke,  etc. 
Vizetelly,  1887. 

Preface    to    White's   "  History   of    Selborne,"   in    Camelot 
Classics,  1886. 

The  above  list  is  by  no  means  exhaustive.     I  have  met  with  several  other 
papers,  of  which  I  have  no  note. 

UNPUBLISHED  MATTER. 
(Works  mentioned  by  Mr.  Besant,  but  never  published.) 

1868.  Casar  Borgia ;  or,  the  King  of  Crime.     A  tragedy. 

1870.  Verses  on  the  Exile  of  the  Prince  Imperial. 

1872.  Only  a  Girl.     A  novel;  offered  to  Tinsleys. 

1874.  The  Agricultural  Life.     Offered  to  Longmans. 

1875.  In  Summer  Time.     A  novel. 

1875.     The  New  Pilgrim's  Progress;     or,  a   Christian's    Painful 

Progress  from  the  Town  of  Kiddle  Class  to  the  Golden  City. 
1878.     The  Proletariate-,  the  Power  of  the  Future.     Planned. 
1878.     The  History  of  the  English  Squire.     Planned. 
1878.     A  work  on  Shooting.     Offered  to  Longmans. 
1882.     A  series   of  Short  Story -Sketches   of    Life    and    Character, 

Incident  and  Nature. 
1885.     A  Bit  of  Human  Nature.     A  novel. 

ARTICLES,  ETC.,  RELATING  TO  JEFFERIES. 
(in  addition  to  those  mentioned  in  Section  III.) 

(a)  THE   EULOGY    OP    RICHARD    JEFFERIES.       By  Walter  Besant. 
Chatto  &  Windus.     1888. 

First  Edition.     One  vol.     Post  8vo.     Portrait.     10*.  6d. 
Second  Edition.    One  vol.     Crown  8vo.    Cloth  extra.    Photo- 
portrait.     6*. 

A  thoroughly  charming  and  sympathetic  sketch  of  life  and  works,  which 
should  be  valued  by  all  admirers  of  Jefferies. 

Noticed  at  considerable  length  in  Salisbury  and  Winchester  Journal, 
29th  December,  1888,  also  in  Daily  News  and  British  Weekly  in  November, 

(b)  Paragraphs  relative  to  the  Goddard  Memoir  in  Globe,  llth  June, 
1892,  and  previously. 

VOL.   XXVII. — NO.    LXXIX.  H 


98  Richard  Jefferies. 

(c)  The  Unveiling  of  the  Bust.     Articles  in  Saturday  Review,  12th 
March;  Nature  Notes,  iii.j  87 ;  Salisbury  Journal,   2nd  April; 
and  Sarum  Diocesan  Gazette,  April,  1892. 

(d)  "  Kichard  Jefferies  in  Salisbury  Cathedral/'  by  Miss  Thomas, 
with  illustrations,  Literary   Opinion,  April,   1893 ;    also  some 
notes  in  same  number. 

(e)  "Richard  Jefferies,"  Marlburian,  16th  November,  1892. 

(/)  "  Richard  Jefferies,"  a  poem,  by  Mary  Geoghegan,  Temple  Bar, 
January,  1892  :— 

"Boom  in  his  heart  for  all! 
For  striving  stitchwort  as  for  oak-tree  tall ; 
Koom  for  the  chickweed  at  the  gate,  the  weed  upon  the  wall; 

Still  as  the  page  was  writ 
'Twas  Nature  held  his  hand  and  guided  it     .... 

Vague  longings  found  a  tongue  ; 
Things  dim  and  ancient  into  speech  were  wrung ; 
The  epic  of  the  rolling  wheat,  the  lyric  hedgerow  sung     .... 

No  bird  that  cleaves  the  air 

But  his  revealing  thought  has  made  more  fair  ; 

No  tremulous  dell  of  summer  leaves  but  felt  his  presence  there. 

So  though  we  deem  him  dead, 

Lo !  he  yet  speaketh !   and  the  words  are  sped 

In  grassy  whispers  o'er  the  fields — by  every  wild  flower  said." 

Stanzas  2,  3^  4,  9,  10. 

(a)  "  Richard  Jefferies/'  a  poem,  by  W.  H.  A.  E.,  [Rev.  W.  H.  A. 

Ewance,    Twickenham,]    in    Wilts  County  Mirror,   8th  April, 
1892 :— 

"  Shire  of  the  rounded  hills  !     .     .     .     . 

Shire,  where  the  fountain  fills 

The  streamlet  and  anon  the  tiny  fall 

Past  mounded  hedgerows,  lined  with  poplars  tall, 

Hazel,  and  old  gnarled  yew-trunks,  winds  in  play 

To  Avon  or  to  Kennet's  wider  way ; 

Shire  that  he  loved  to  tread, 

Guard  in  thy  storied  fane  his  carven  form, 

Think  of  the  wanderer  past  life's  heat  and  storm, 

Thine  still,  though  cold  and  dead  ! " — Stanza  3, 


In  Memoriam,   William  Callings  Lukis,  M.A.,  J?.S.A.       99 

(h)  "  Round  about  Coate,"  by  P.  Anderson  Graham,  Art  Journal, 
January,  1893,  witb  nine  illustrations  by  H.  E.  Tidmarsh. 

(i)  Biography,  by  Dr.  Garnett,  in  Dictionary  of  National  Biography, 
vol.  xxix. 

(k]  "  The  Books  of  Richard  Jefferies,"  Nature  Notes,  i.,  194. 

NOTE, 

The  Bibliography  is  probably  still  far  from  complete,  and  I  shall  be  glad 
to  have  any  additions  or  corrections.  My  memoranda  as  to  articles  relative  to 
Jefferies  have  been  mislaid,  and  I  can  therefore  only  quote  a  few  here.  I  take 
this  opportunity  ,of  thanking  those  who  have  kindly  helped  me  in  various  ways, 
especially  W.  Cunnington,  Esq.,  for  the  loan  of  the  History  of  Malmesbury ; 
H.  N.  Goddard,  Esq.,  for  that  of  several  hitherto  unpublished  letters  ;  the 
Rev.  A.  Smy the- Palmer,  D.D.,  for  collating  my  list  with  the  British  Museum 
Catalogue  (which  appears  to  be  very  deficient  in  editions  of  Jefferies) ;  and 
Messrs.  Brown  &  Co.,  of  Salisbury,  for  allowing  me  to  look  over  several  years  of 
the  Bookseller  and  other  papers. 


it  IJUmrchrar,  Milliam  Colling 


the  death  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Lukis  our  Society  has  lost 
another  of  its  oldest  officers,  for  at  the  inauguration  of  the 
lociety  in   1853    (now  very  nearly  forty  years  ago)  Mr.  Lukis  and 
Canon  Jackson  jointly  undertook  the  office  of  General  Secretaries, 
and  to  their  united   efforts  we  are  indebted  for  the  excellent  start 
which  they  gave  to  the  Society. 

Mr.  Lukis  was  a  born  archaeologist  and  naturalist,  inheriting  his 
scientific  knowledge  from  his  father,  Colonel  Lukis,  who  was  dis- 
tinguished for  his  careful  researches  into  the  construction  and  uses 
of  the  rude  stone  monuments  of  Brittany  and  this  country,  and 
also  for  his  profound  acquaintance  with  the  natural  history,  in  all 
its  branches,  of  the  Channel  Islands,  where  his  home  lay. 

The  subject  of  this  memoir  was  born  in  Guernsey  in  1817,  and 

1  Many  of  the  details  of  this  memoir  are  derived  from  the  Biograpk  for  1881, 
vol.  vi.,  pp.  37—39. 


100      In  Memoriam,   William  Collins  LnJcis,  M.A.,  F.S.A. 

was  educated  partly  at  Elizabeth  College  in  that  island,  partly  in 
France  (where  he  acquired  a  perfect  knowledge  of  the  French 
language),  and  subsequently  at  Blackheath,  passing  on  to  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  in  1836,  where  he  graduated  in  honours  in  1840. 

In  1841  he  was  ordained  deacon  at  Salisbury  by  Bishop  Denison, 
and  held  the  Curacy  of  Bradford-on-Avon  under  Canon  Harvey ; 
and  subsequently  he  held  successively  the  livings  of  East  Grafton, 
Great  Bedwyn,  and  Collingbourne  Ducis,  all  in  this  Diocese,  and 
lastly  Wath,  in  Yorkshire,  to  all  of  which  he  was  in  turn  presented 
by  the  patron  who  appreciated  him,  the  then  Marquis  of  Ailesbury. 
In  every  one  of  these  parishes  he  either  restored  the  Church  or  re- 
built the  schools,  and  in  most  of  them  he  accomplished  both  these 
works.  He  was  also  an  active  Rural  Dean,  as  well  in  the  Diocese 
of  Ripon  as  in  that  of  Salisbury.  He  died  at  Wath  Rectory,  after 
a  prolonged  illness,  on  December  7th,  1892,  aged  75. 

As  to  his  archa3ological  work  (which  more  especially  belongs  to 
these  pages)  Mr.  Lukis  was  indefatigable  in  his  exertions  both  in 
this  country  and  in  France.  While  at  Cambridge  he  was  one  of  the 
early  members  of  the  Camden  Society,  which  indeed  he  helped  to 
originate;  and  while  Curate  of  Bradford  he  published  a  quarto 
volume  of  f ' Ancient  Church  Plate"  which  was  the  precursor  of  the 
Instrumental  Ecclesiastica>  edited  by  the  Ecclesiological  (late  Camden) 
Society,  under  the  able  superintendence  of  Mr.  Butterfield,  the 
well-known  architect.  Next  he  published  two  addresses  to  the  rural 
deans  and  churchwardens,  on  the  necessity  of  examining  the  condition 
of  Church  bells,  with  a  view  to  their  preservation,  and  the  security 
of  Church  towers.  This  was  followed  in  1855  by  a  paper  read  before 
our  Society  at  Salisbury  on  the  same  subject,  and  which  subsequently 
culminated  in  the  excellent  volume  well  known  to  us  all,  entitled 
"  An  Account  of  Church  Bells" 

But  perhaps  it  was  as  a  barrow-digger  and  cromlech  explorer  that 
Mr.  Lukis  laboured  hardest  as  an  archaeologist.  His  first  diggings 
were  in  the  Guernsey  cromlechs,  and  he  explored  many  of  the  Brittany 
dolmens.  Our  Magazine  contains  notes  of  his  excavations  at  Col- 
lingbourne, and  we  have  ourselves  seen  him  and  indeed  taken  part 
in  his  work  both  in  opening  barrows  and  investigating  the  interior 


In  Memoriam,  William  Collins  LuJcis,  M.A.,  F.S.A,      101 

of  a  cromlech  in  this  county.  In  Yorkshire,  too,  he  did  much  good 
work  in  this  direction.  In  1870  he  read  before  our  Society  at 
Salisbury  a  carefully-prepared  paper  on  the  "  Stone  Avenues  of  Carnac," 
and  in  1875  he  published  a  very  useful  "  Guide  to  the  principal 
Chambered  Barrows  and  other  Prehistoric  Monuments  of  South 
Brittany.33  Previously  to  this  he  had  read  papers  at  Nantes  "  Sur 
la  Denomination  des  Dolmens  ou  Cromlechs"  and  on  "  Monuments 
Megalithiques  en  Algerie."  In  fine  he  from  time  to  time  contributed 
to  the  publications  of  several  French  as  well  as  English  antiquarian 
societies,  including  amongst  the  latter  the  Journal  of  the  "  Royal 
Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain,"  the  Journal  of  the 
"  British  Archaeological  Association,"  and  above  all  the  "  Archa- 
ologia 33  of  the  "  Society  of  Antiquaries,"  of  which  he  was  elected  a 
Fellow  in  1853,  and  which  enlisted  his  services  during  many  summer 
holidays,  to  make  accurate  plans  of  rude  stone  monuments  in  several 
counties  in  England  ;  notably  in  Devon  and  Cornwall,  as  well  as 
our  own  pre-eminent  Abury  and  Stonehenge,  of  both  of  which  he 
made  not  only  very  careful  plans,  but  also  an  accurate  portrait  of 
every  stone,  done  to  scale,  in  the  measurements  of  which  the  writer 
of  this  memoir  assisted.  These  plans  are  now  at  Burlington  House, 
in  the  care  of  the  Society  of  Antiquaries,  who,  we  sincerely  trust, 
will  be  induced  to  publish  them,  at  no  distant  date.  Mr.  Lukis 
also  edited  some  of  the  volumes  of  the  Surtees  Society,  and  while 
at  Cambridge  and  subsequently,  was  a  member  of  the  Ray  Club, 
and  took  some  part  in  their  publications. 

Thus  well  known  as  an  archseologist  of  no  mean  attainments,  both 
at  home  and  abroad,  it  is  no  wonder  that  he  was  elected,  in  1847, 
a  Fellow  of  the  "  Royal  Society  of  Northern  Antiquaries,"  in 
Copenhagen;  in  1867  a  Member  of  the  "  Societe  Archeologique 
de  Nantes  "  ;  and  in  1872  a  Corresponding  Member  of  the  "  Societe 
de  Climatologie  Algerienne."  He  was  also,  as  shown  above,  a 
member  of  all  our  great  archaeological  societies  in  this  country,  but 
by  none  more  honoured  than  by  those  who  worked  with  him  during 
his  residence  in  Wilts,  the  earlier  members  of  the  "Wiltshire 
Archaeological  and  Natural  History  Society/' 

A.  C.  S. 


102 


Commons. 

ROMAN  VILLA  AT  Box. 

Since  writing  the  notes  on  "Boman  remains  at  Box,"  which  were  printed  in 
vol.  xxvi.,  p.  405  of  the  Magazine,  I  have  seen  an  account  of  this  villa  in  vol. 
xliii.,  part  i.  of  the  Journal  of  the  British  Archaeological  Association,  in, 
which  a  plan  of  the  buildings  adjacent  to  the  mosaic  pavements  uncovered  in 
1881  is  given,  and  some  additional  details  not  previously  known  to  me  are  men- 
tioned. 

ED.  IL  GODDABD. 

JANE  LANE. 

At  page  281,  line  33,  of  vol.  xxvi.  of  the  Magazine,  in  my  paper  on  "  Jane 
Lane,"  for  martlets  read  mullets. 

C.  PENBUDDOCKE. 


FLIGHT  OF  SISKINS. 

Mr.  H.  Toppin  reports  that  towards  the  end  of  December,  1892,  he  saw  a  flight 
of  Siskins  (C.  Spinus),  some  twenty  in  number,  in  an  alder  bed  in  Blacklands 
Park,  near  Calne.  He  shot  two  cock  birds  and  a  hen. 

OCCURRENCE    OF    WHITE    MlCE   AND    B,ATS. 

Mr.  Toppin  also  states  that  as  some  corn  ricks  at  the  Manor  Farm  at  Calstone, 
occupied  by  Mr.  Joseph  Maundrell,  were  being  threshed  on  January  16th,  1893, 
great  numbers  of  white  mice  were  killed.  It  is  said  that  some  are  found  on  the 
farm  every  year.  In  this  connection  the  Editor  is  reminded  that  some  twenty-five 
years  ago  a  large  number  of  white  rats  were  killed  on  several  farms  in  Hilmarton 
parish  and  the  neighbourhood.  They  appeared  to  be  abundant  that  one  year,  but 
few,  if  any  were  seen  either  in  preceding  or  succeeding  years. 

GOLDEN  BALL  HILL. 

Mr.  C.  E.  Ponting  writes  that  in  1889  he  noticed  that  this  hill  appeared  from 
the  Pewsey  Vale  of  a  bright  yellow  colour,  caused  by  a  mass  of  yellow  Ladies' 


Natural  History  and  Archaological  Notes.  103 

Fingers  (Lotus  corniculatus  P)  in  flower,  with  which  the  whole  hill  was  covered. 
He  suggests  that  this  is  the  origin  of  the  name. 

ROBINS    NESTING    IN    A    BLACKBIRD^    NEST. 

Mr.  A.  B.  Fisher  writes  from  Potterne  :— "A  pair  of  Blackbirds  began  to 
build  a  nest  in  the  ivy  growing  against  the  wall  of  my  house  early  in  March  of 
this  year ;  but  being  disturbed  by  the  cutting  of  the  ivy,  though  what  was  growing 
near  the  nest  was  left,  they  deserted,  the  nest  being  just  completed.  About 
a  week  ago  I  noticed  a  pair  of  Robins  collecting  moss  and  carrying  it  into  the 
same  ivy,  and  yesterday  (April  4th)  I  found  they  had  taken  up  their  quarters  in 
the  deserted  Blackbirds'  nest,  having  well  lined  it  and  built  it  into  a  comfortable 
size.  This  morning  (5th)  the  first  egg  was  laid.  Five  more  were  added,  and 
all  were  hatched,  and  the  young  birds  got  away  in  safety. 

"  Within  a  few  days  of  the  flight  of  the  young  birds  the  hen  began  to  lay 
again  in  the  same  nest,  and  is  now  (May  25th)  sitting  on  five  eggs. 

"  I  fancy  that  it  is  unusual  for  Robins  to  take  to  other  birds'  nests,  and  so  I 
communicate  this  note. 

"  I  saw  a  Jack  Snipe  on  the  3rd  of  April,  but  could  never  find  him  again.  I 
believe  that  this  is  very  late  to  see  the  bird." 

LIST  OF  LEPIDOPTERA  FOUND  IN  THE  MARLBOROUGH  DISTRICT. 

The  Report  of  the  Marlborough  College  Nat.  Hist.  Society  for  1892  contains 
an  extremely  useful  list  of  one  thousand  and  ten  species  of  Lepidoptera  which 
have  occurred  within  ten  miles  of  Marlborough.  It  is  compiled  by  Mr.  E. 
Meyrick,  F.Z.S.,  an  acknowledged  authority  on  entomology. 


HUISH  CHURCH. 

Mr.  G.  E.  Dartnell  reports  that  during  the  digging  of  the  grave  for  the 
interment  of  the  late  Rector,  at  Huish,  what  were  apparently  the  ancient 
foundations  of  the  Church,  some  5ft.  to  the  east  of  the  present  chancel  wall, 
were  found — some  of  the  stones  being  sarsens  weighing  two  or  three  hundred- 
weight. During  the  restoration  of  the  Church  in  1879  these  old  foundations 
were  also  found  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel,  on  the  site  of  the  present  vestry, 
which  was  then  built.  Some  bits  of  moulding,  a  portion  of  the  robes  of  a 
probably  recumbent  figure,  and  also  another  fragment  which  evidently  formed 
part  of  a  dog  with  curly  hair— which  probably  lay  at  the  feet  of  the  figure — were 
also  found ;  pointing  to  the  existence  of  a  sepulchral  monument,  and  possibly  to 
a  chapel  on  the  north  side  of  the  chancel.  Some  of  these  fragments  are  now- 
built  into  the  vestry  wall. 


104  ArcJiaological  Notes. 

GREEK  COIN  OP  ANTINOUS. 

The  large  brass  Greek  coin  of  Antinous,  the  favourite  of  Hadrian,  now  presented 
to  the  Museum  by  Mr.  H.  N.  Goddard,  was  found  many  years  ago  by  a  labourer 
whilst  turnip-hoeing  at  Bupton,  in  the  parish  of  Clyffe  Pypard,  and  was  brought 
by  him  to  Mr.  Goddard.  This  coin  is  rare. 

SEAL  OP  WOOTTON  BASSETT. 

The  seals  which  belonged  to  the  former  Corporation  of  Wootton  Bassett  had 
disappeared  for  many  years,  and  all  attempts  to  recover  them  had  proved  fruitless 
until  a  month  or  two  ago,  when  at  the  sale  of  the  effects  of  an  old  gentleman 
who  had  long  lived  in  the  High  Street  of  that  ancient  borough,  an  ivory-handled 
steel-headed  seal  turned  up  among  a  lot  of  "  sundries,"  which  proved  to  be  one 
of  the  long  lost  seals  of  the  borough.  It  bears  the  arms  of  Wootton  Bassett  : 
a  chevron  between  three  lozenges,  surrounded  by  the  inscription  :  "  Minor 
sigillum  Wootton  Bassett  als  Wootton  Vetus."  It  is  also  inscribed  round  the 
neck  :  "  Ex  douo  Prenobil.  L.  Comitis  Rochester  1682."  It  was  purchased  by 
Mr.  B.  C.  Trepplin  with  the  intention  of  placing  it  with  other  objects  of  interest 
connected  with  the  town  in  the  picturesquely-restored  Town  Hall. 

STONE  CIRCLE  NEAR  SWINDON. 

Mr.  A.  D.  Passmore,  of  Swindon,  has  lately  called  attention  to  what  appears 
to  be  the  remains  of  a  hitherto  unnoticed  circle  of  stones  at  Day  House  Farm,  at 
Coate,  about  two  miles  from  Swindon.  The  stones  themselves  are  not  large,  but 
the  circle  when  complete  must  have  been  of  considerable  dimensions.  The  Editor 
hopes  that  a  full  account  of  this  circle  may  be  printed  in  the  next  number  of 
the  Magazine, 

SCULPTURES  IN  THE  SOUTH  PORCH  OP  MALMESBURY  ABBEY. 

In  vol.  xvi.  of  the  Transactions  of  the  Bristol  and  Gloucestershire  ArchcB- 
ological  Society  is  printed  a  paper  by  Mrs.  Bagnall-Oakeley  on  these  well-known 
groups  of  sculpture,  in  which  she  argues  that  they  are  of  much  earlier  date  than 
that  (the  early  thirteenth  century)  commonly  ascribed  to  them.  From  their 
style,  the  character  of  the  key  carried  by  St.  Peter,  and  other  features,  the  writer 
contends  that  they  belong  to  the  earlier  Saxon  Church  built  by  Athelstan  in  937, 
which  preceded  the  present  Norman  building. 

EXCAVATIONS  AT  MARLBOROUGH  COLLEGE. 

The  Eeport  of  the  Marlborough  College  Natural  History  Society  for  1892 
contains  an  account  of  recent  excavations  during  building  operations  on  the  site 
of  the  ancient  castle  moat,  with  illustrations  of  the  principal  objects  discovered, 
keys,  horseshoes,  iron  arrow-heads,  ring,  pin,  &c. 

FLINT  IMPLEMENTS. 

In  the  same  report  is  an  account  by  Mr.  J.  W.  Brooke  of  the  many  localities 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  Marlborough  where  he  has  found  flint  implements  in 
such  large  numbers,  and  of  the  different  classes  of  implements  found  on  the 
several  sites  on  which  he  supposes  they  were  originally  manufactured.  Mr. 
Brooke  has  been  extraordinarily  successful  in  the  search  for  flints,  having 
acquired  during  the  last  five  years  no  less  than  five  thousand  four  hundred  and 
twenty  specimens  from  the  Marlborough  neighbourhood  alone. 


105 


onHttona  to      tettm  wto 


THE  MUSEUM. 

Presented  by  Mr.  H.  N.  GODDAKD  :—  Wiltshire  Seventeenth  Century  Tokens— 
Wootton  Bassett  Gabrell  Arman  (2);  Marborough,  William  Pureur; 
Swindon,  Henry  Restall  ;  Wootton  Bassett,  John  Knighton  ;  Lacock, 
Richard  Gryst  ;  Aldbourne,  Edward  Witts  ;  Malrnesbury,  Elias  Ferris  ; 
Clack,  Robert  Goodman. 

Marlborough  Old  Bank  Token,  Qd.     Bristol  and  Wiltshire  Token,  6d.,  1811. 
Roman  Coins—  Second  brass,  Faustina,  Maximianus. 

Third  brass,   Carausius,  Victorinus  (2),  Gallienus,  Valens  (2 

types),  Constantinus  (8  types),  Constantius. 
Silver,  Constantius,  Julia  Augusta. 
Large  brass,  Antinous  (rare). 
Saxon—  Eadred,  penny. 

English  —  Henry  II.,  penny  ;  Edward  I.  or  II.,  pennies  (5)  ;  Edward  III., 
groat  (2),  half  groat  ;  Henry  VI.  (P),  groats  (2)  ;  Henry 
VIII.,  sixpence  (2  types),  penny  (2  types)  ;  Edward  VI., 
shilling  ;  Elizabeth,  shilling,  sixpence  (3  types),  fourpence, 
twopence;  James  I.,  half-sovereign,  shilling  (2  types), 
sixpence  (Irish),  sixpence  (2  types)  ;  Charles  I.,  shilling  (3 
types),  sixpence,  twopence,  copper  farthings  (5  types)  ; 
Charles  II.,  half-crown,  fourpence,  threepence  (2),  twopence, 
penny  ;  James  II.,  fourpence,  threepence  (2),  twopence  ; 
William  and  Mary,  half-crown,  fourpence,  threepence  : 
William  III.,  crown,  shilling,  sixpence  ;  Anne,  sovereign, 
half-crown,  shilling,  sixpence,  fourpence,  twopence  ; 
George  I.,  shilling,  sixpence,  penny  ;  George  II.,  half-crown, 
shilling  (2  types),  sixpence,  fourpence  (2),  penny  ;  George 
III.,  shilling,  sixpence,  fourpence,  threepence,  penny,  bank 
token  Irish  tenpence,  halfpenny  (copper)  ;  George  IV., 
shilling  (Colonial,  1822)  ;  William  IV.,  penny  ;  Victoria, 
half-crown,  sixpence,  threepence,  half  -farthing  (copper). 
Medals—  Admiral  Vernon,  capture  of  Portobello  —Growing  Arts  adorn 

Empire,  George  reigning,  Caroline  protecting. 

Presented  by  Mr.  C.  ADYE  :—  South  Wraxall  Token,  Valentine  Stevens. 
Presented  by  Rev.  E.  H.  and  Rev.  C.  V.  GODDABD  :—  Three  slabs  of  an  oak  coffin 
found  about  thirty-five  years  ago  near  the  Foss  Way,  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Grittleton. 

Framed  Portraits—  Bishop  Hamilton,   mezzotint,   G.   Richmond,  pinx.,  R. 
Jackson,  sc.  ;   T.  Sotheron  Estcourt,  1863,  mezzotint  ;    Joseph  Neeld, 
mezzotint,  Shee,  pinx.,  Cousins,  sc. 
Medals—  William  Beckford  and  Sir  Francis  Burdett. 


106  Donations  to  Museum  and  Library. 

Presented  by  Eev.  F.  H.  DuBouLAY :— Elizabeth  2c?.,  found  at  Heddington. 

Presented  by  Mr.  J.  W.  BROOKE  : — Tokens,  Marlborough,  Robert  Butcher; 
Marlborough,  E.  Delamaine. 

Presented  by  Mr.  GOEE  :— Medal  of  Home  Tooke. 

Presented  by  Mr.  J.  A.  RANDELL  :— A  Flail. 

Purchased:— Wilts  Tokens— Road,  Richard  Tucker;  Malmesbury,  Nico  Jaffris. 

THE  LIBRAEY. 

Presented  by  Mrs.  WEST  AWDBY  : — Two  Sermons  preached  on  death  of  Capt. 
John  Neilson  Gladstone,  at  Bowden  Hill,  by  Rev.  A.  Blomfield  and  Rev. 
A.  Fane,  and  Memoir  by  H.  A.  Merewether.     Pamphlet,  1863. 
Debate  upon  the  Borough  of  Chippenbam  in  the  House  of  Commons,  1831; 

Pamphlet. 
Roundway  Hill,  a  Poem  by  T.  Needham  Rees,  Surgeon  in  Devizes.     Quarto 

Pamphlet,  Devizes,  1787. 

Record  of  the  Great  Flood  in  Bath  and  the  surrounding  District,  1882. 
Quarto  pamphlet. 

Chittoe  Church,  S.E.   View;    lithograph,  M.  D.  W.  del.  et  lith. Rood 

Ashton  Entrance  Hall ;    lithographed  by  Day  &  Haghe Stonehenge 

looking  N.E.  ;  lithograph  published  by  Clapperton,  Salisbury. 

Presented  by  Rev.  E.  H.  and  Rev.  C.  V.  GODDABD  -.—Drawings  and  Prints— 
Foxham  old  Church;  small  litho. Manningford  Bruce  Church  before  Res- 
toration ;  small  litho.  —  Calne  New  Town  Hall ;  photo-litho. Bromham 

Church,  N.  side  ;  woodcut Wootton  Bassett  Town  Hall,  Restored  ;  cut 

Swindon  New  Town  Church;    small  cut Marlborough,  View  of 

Street  and  St.  Peter's ;    small  engraving — — Ramsbury  Church,  S.  side, 

before  Restoration ;   photo-process Rodbourne  Cheney  Church,  New, 

Interior  and  Exterior;  litho.,  1848 Hilmarton,  Memorial  Window  to 

Rev.   F.   Fisher;    litho. Wilts  Friendly  Society  Form  of  Enrolment ; 

engraving Salisbury,  the  King's  House;  engraving  by  T.  Fisher 

The  Old  Town  Hall,  Devizes  ;  cut Salisbury,  the  Halle  of  John  Halle ; 

cut Broad  Town   Church  ;     litho.,   1845 Free   Grammar    School, 

Marlborough,  destroyed  1790  ;  litho. Highway  Church,  East  Window, 

1879  ;  drawing Castle  Eaton  Church,  Carved  Oak  Pillar  with  Goddard 

arms;    pen-and-ink Lucknam,  Fete  Champetre,  1834;    litho. Sir 

Francis  Burdett,  Election  Cartoon,  "  Grinding  Young"  ;  1837,  litho.— 

Stockton  House  ;  pencil  sketch Logan  Stone,  Newbridge,  Glamorgan  ; 

sepia   drawing Portraits,    half-length,    J.    Davis    (Sen.),    mezzotint, 

Kirkby,  pinx.,  Angell,   sc. ;    J.   Davis   (Jun.),  on  horseback,  engraving, 

Spode,  pinx.,  Engleheart,  sc. Edington  Church  exterior,  S.  side  ;  S.W. 

view;  E.  end  ; — interior,  chantry;  S.  transept;  and  S.  porch  ;  ink  photos. 

Pamphlets,  fyc.— Caldas,  a  story  of  Stonehenge,  by  Julia  Corner Hiring 

Fairs  or  Mops,  a  Letter  to  the  Rt.  Hon.  T.  H.  S.  Estcourt,  M.P.,  by  the 

Rev.  R.  V.  Law Henry  Drury,  Funeral  Sermon  by  Bishop  Hamilton, 

1864 Sermon  preached  at  Wincanton  on  death  of  Rev.  R.  Nicholson, 

by  Rev.  W.  P.  S.  Bingham N.  Wilts  Election,  1865,  Pedigree  of  Sir 

G.  Jeukinson,  by  J.  T.   Schomberg Sale  Catalogue  of  the  Manor  of 

Hilmarton  and  Goatacre,  1802 Happy  in  Life,  Peaceful  in  Death,  or 


Donations  to  Museum  and  Library.  107 

the  Happy  Wiltshire  Farmer  (small  tract) Catechism  of  the  Fall  and 

Restoration  of  Man,  by  Rev.  G.  N.  Gray  Lawson,  1859 Order  of  Service 

for  Laying  Foundation  Stone  of  School  by  Bishop  Hamilton,  1860— 

Ditto  for  Opening  a  School,  1860 Ditto  for  Confirmation,  1865 

Ditto  at  Consecration  of  Churches,  Chapels,  and  Burial  Grounds,  1868 

Ditto  for  Laying  Foundation  Stone  of  a  Church,  1860 Ditto  for 

Re-opening  a  Church  after  Restoration,    1892 The  Church  and  the 

People,  Lay  Help  in  Church  Work,  by  Rev.  R.  S.  Hutchins,  1870 

Swindon,    Calne,   and  Cricklade   Turnpike  Roads  Act,    1866 Bishop 

Hamilton,  Sermon  on  the  death  of,  by  H.  P.  Liddon,  1869. Warminster, 

two  Sermons  on  Death  of  Rev.  W.  Dalby,  1862 Order  of  Service  used 

at  Opening  of  Edington  Church,  1891 Ditto  for  Dedication  of  Bells 

and  West  Window,  Wootton  Bassett,  1890 Proceedings  at  Enthroni- 

zation   of  Bishop  Moberly,  1869 Ditto  of  Bishop  Wordsworth,  1885 

Poll  Book,   1868,   Cricklade  Election Money  Kyrle,  Rev.  J.  S., 

Correspondence  in  Refutation  of  Calumnies,  1846 Poynder  v.  Attorney- 
General  and   Hulbert,  re  drain  at  Hartham,  &c.,  1866 Chippenham 

Agricultural  Association,  Rules,  &c.,  1880 Swindon  Roads  Act,  1833 

Commission  of  Peace  and  List  of  Acting  Justices  for  Wilts,  1878, 1885, 

1890 Broad  Town  Charity,  particulars,  &c.,  by  J.  E.  G.  Bradford, 

1882 Rules    for  the  County  Prison,   1871 Rules   and   Standing 

Orders  of  Wilts  Sessions,  1870 Electoral  Divisions,  Order  of  Quarter 

Sessions  determining,  1888 Account  of  Treasurer  of  County  of  Wilts, 

1889 Memoir  of   Rev.  Francis   Fisher,  by  Rev.  H.  Drury,  1858 

There  is  one  Thing  Needful,  by  Rev.  F.  Fisher  (tract) Chippenham, 

1850,  Sermon  by  Rev.  G.  N.  Gray  Lawson Rev.  H.  Maundrell,  Journal 

of  Voyage,  1864 Liddon,   H.   P.,  Ordination  Sermons  at  Salisbury, 

1865,  1866 Bishop  Hamilton,  Charges,  1861,  1864,  1867 Bishop 

Wordsworth,  Pastoral  Letters,  1885,   1886,   1887 Possible  Re-union 

of  Deaneries  of   Malmesbury,   &c.,   to  Diocese  of  Salisbury,  1892— 
Archdeacon  Buchanan,  Charges,  1878,  1883,  1887,  1890  ;    Considerations 

on  Tithe  Rent  Charge,  1886 Bishop  Denison,  Memoir  of Caswell, 

Rev.  H.,  Convocation  and  its  possibilities,  1852 Meade,  Rev.  E.,  Office 

of  Readers  in  Church  of  England,  1867 Bishop  Denison,  Charge,  1845 

—^Harris,  Rev.  H.,  Review  of  Moberly's  Bampton  Lectures,  1869— 
Hautenville,    Rev,   R.    W.,    Visitation  Sermon,  Chippenham,  1855  — 

Eastern   Crisis,    Sermon,   Chippenham,  1854 Morrice,   Rev.  W.  D.^ 

Sermon,  Church  Union  Society,   1867 Drury,   Rev.   H.,  Sermon  at 

Consecration  of  Bishop  Hamilton,  1854 Jackson,  Canon  J.  E.,  Sermon, 

Consecration  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Chippenham,  1855  ;  Sermon,  Chippen- 
ham,   for  A.   C.    S.,  1854;   Sermon,  Visitation,  Chippenham,  1854 

Lansdowne,  Lord,  Speech  on  Irish  Land  Law  Bill,  1881 Archdeacon 

Harris,  Charge,  1866. 

Books — The  Abbess  of  Shaftesbury,  or  the  Days  of  John  of  Gaunt,  1846 
(scene  of  story  laid  at  Lyddington)— Bishop  Burnet's  Discourse  of  the 
Pastoral  Care,  14th  edition,  with  Portrait  and  Life  of  the  Author,  1821— 
Walter  Kerr  Hamilton,  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  a  Sketch,  by  H.  P.  Liddon, 
1869. 


108  Donations  to  Museum  and  Library. 

Presented  by  Mr.  G.  E.  DABTNELL  :— Map  of  Wilts,  small,  T  Kitchin Stage 

Waggon  Advertisement  Card Sarum  Almanack,  1879—91 Large 

number  of  .cuttings  from  South  Wilts  papers  for  ten  years Archdeacon 

Daubeny,  Lectures  on  Church  Catechism,  1819 Sale  Catalogue  of  Home 

Farm,  Oare,  1887 Catalogue  of  Salisbury  and  S.  Wilts  Museum,  1870. 

Pamphlets— Kingsbury,   Rev.    T.    L.,    Sermon  on   Death  of   Marquis  of 
Ailesbury,  1878  —  De  Quetteville,  Rev.  W.,  Sermon  on  Death  of  Rev. 

J.  D.  Hastings,  1869 Drury,  Rev.  H.,  Sermon  at  Warminster,  Friendly 

Society.  1862 Beaufort,  Duke  of,  Cassell's  National  Portrait  Gallery 

"Why?"  Temperance  pamphlet,  Pewsey Friendly  Societies,  by 

J.  Chappell. 
Presented  by  Mr.   A.   SCHOMBEKG  : — Life  and  Letters  of  Joseph  Allein,  of 

Devizes,  1822,  post  32mo. 

Presented  by  Miss  CUNNINGTON  :— MS.  by  S.  Yockney,  1801,  on  King's  Barrow, 

Battlesbury,  the  position  of  Verlucio,  Robin  Hood's  Harbour,  Bratton,  &c. 

Presented  by  Mr.  H.  E.  MKDLICOTT  -.—Devizes  Gazette,  parts  of  1870-1887 

Bacon's  Liber  Regis. 

Presented  by  Mr.  B.  WULLINGS  :— Two  parts  of  Note  Books  of  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare, 

Stonehenge  and  Tumuli  on  Wilsford  Down,  1807. 
Acquired  by  Exchange  :— 

Official  Year  Book  of  Scientific  and  Learned  Societies  of  Great  Britain 
and  Ireland,  1893. 

Royal  Irish  Academy,  Historical  References  on  Tumuli  at  New  Grange, 
Lowth,  and  JZnowth. 

Ditto,  Transactions,  vol.  xxx.,  parts  3  and  4. 

Ditto,  Todd  Lecture  Series,  vols.  iii.  and  iv. 

Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  Proceedings,  vol  xiv.,  part  11. 

Royal  Society  of  Antiquaries,  Ireland,  Journal,  vol.  ii.,  5th  series. 

Bureau  of  Ethnology,  U.S.A.,  Reports  for  1885  and  1886. 

U.S.  Geographical  and  Geological  Survey,  Rocky  Mountains,  vol.  vii. 

Smithsonian  Report,  1890. 

British  Archceological  Association,  Journal,  vol.  xlix.,  part  I. 

Essex  Naturalist,  March,  1893. 

Montgomeryshire  Collections,  vol.  xxvii.,  part  52. 

Bristol  and  Gloucestershire  Archaeological  Society,  Transactions. 

Somerset    Archceological   and  Natural  History  Society,    Proceedings^ 
1892. 

Bristol  Naturalists'  Society,  Proceedings,  vol.  vii.,  part  1. 

Hertfordshire  Natural  History  Society,  Transactions,  vol.  vii.,  parts  3 
and  4.       . 

Marlborough  College  Natural  History  Society,  Report,  1892. 

Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland,  Proceedings,  1891  and  1892. 


HURRY  &  PEARSON,  Printers  and  Publishers,  Devizes. 


QO^ 
"*0 

99 


6D§ 

o  3 


S  sla 

52    C>^  e3 


J.rHO 


THOOrH        0 


-,il 

ate 

« 


51 


CO       O 
r-t  O        Ol        O 

So      oo      o 


• 


n-  « 


«-«  CO  CO  «O  O  CM  O  O  O  O        O 


«••» 

1*1 


^  O         CO  <M  <N  CO         «O 

§ OT  «5 


-22 


- 


li 


(VjCO  CM 

« 


Gene 
gs  B 


D. 

tenth  to 
ce  in  Savi 


on 
an 


F 

By 

Ba 


H    !  ' 

H      1"^ 

3  I? 


^, 


- 

o 


S     -    8 


THE 


WILTSHIRE  MAGAZINE. 


MULTOEUM  MANIBUS  GKRANDE  LEVATUE  ONUS."  —  Ovid. 


attle  of  tifftankne. 


By  WALTEE  MONEY,  F.S.A. 
[Reprinted  from  The  Antiquary,  vol.  xxvii.,  p.  146,  New  Series.] 

tlie  year  878  —  that  is,  seven  years  after  the  battle  of 
Ashdown  and  the  traditional  cutting-  of  the  White  Horse 
at  Uffington  —  the  battle  of  Ethandune  was  fought  (or,  as  it  is 
variously  written,  "Edderandun,"  "  Assandune,"  and  "Edendune"). 
A  considerable  difference  of  opinion  prevails  as  to  the  place  of  this 
battle,  in  which  the  Danes  were  defeated.  Lysons,  on  the  authority 
of  Dr.  Beke,  a  contemporary  Professor  of  Modern  History  in  the 
University  of  Oxford,  considers  Eddington,  near  Hungerford,  to 
have  superior  claims  to  be  considered  as  the  Ethandune  of  the  ninth 
century. 

"  From  Asser  we  obtain  the  following  outline  of  Alfred's  move- 
ments :  Leaving  Athelney,  and  following  the  route  of  the  King, 
we  have  no  difficulty  in  identifying  the  place  where  Alfred  was  met 
by  the  troops  of  his  subjects  who  flocked  to  him,  and  called  Egbert's 
or  Egbricht's  Stone,  with  Brixton-Deverill,  a  small  village  about 
half-way  between  Hindon  and  Warminster.  Thence  the  army 
marched  the  next  day  at  daybreak,  in  the  middle  of  May,  to  ^Eglea, 
about  the  locality  of  which  place  writers  are  not  agreed  —  and  the 
next  day  he  marched  to  Ethandune.  " 

Dr.  Beke  supposes  that  the  day  before  the  action  Alfred  made  a 
long  and  forced  march  of  about  thirty-five  miles  over  the  Downs 
with  his  cavalry,  and  reached  ^Eglea,  and  that  the  next  morning  he 
attacked  the  Danish  army  by  the  road  from  Shefford.  He  bases 
VOL.  xxvii.  —  NO.  LXXX.  i 


110  The  Battle  of  Ethandnne. 

his  opinion  chiefly  on  the  circumstances  that  Edington,  in  Wilts 
(generally  accepted  as  the  site  of  the  battle),  was  much  too  near  to 
Brixton  for  Alfred  to  have  stopped  to  pass  the  night  at  after  a 
march  from  early  dawn,1  and  that  .^Eglea  or  Inglea  in  all  probability 
gave  its  name  to  the  hundred  of  Eglei,  in  Berkshire,  which  lies  to 
the  north  of  Eddington,  and  is  now  united  to  the  ancient  hundred 
of  Cheneteberie,  under  the  name  of  Kintbury-Eagle.  The  names, 
too,  of  Danefordj  (now  Denford),  and  the  hamlet  of  Englewood 
(now  Inglewood),  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  Kennet,  he  considers 
to  refer  to  some  considerable  engagement  between  the  two  forces. 

Local  topography  further  bears  out  the  theory  advanced  by  Pro- 
fessor Beke  in  the  name  of  Dane's  Field,  in  the  immediate  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  supposed  locality  of  this  battle. 

The  Berkshire  Eddington  has  also  another  argument  in  its  favour 
as  the  site  of  the  battle,  on  account  of  its  proximity  to  so  many 
ancient  camps,  barrows,  and  other  relics  of  the  wars,  which  a 
thousand  years  ago  were  waged  with  such  persevering  fury  between 
the  Saxons  and  the  Danes.  On  the  plateau  of  the  summit  of  the 
Berkshire  Downs  above  Kintbury,  and  about  five  miles  from 
Eddington,  we  have  an  extensive  and  strongly  fortified  encamp- 
ment, known  as  Walbury  Fort,  forming  a  most  formidable  military 
position,  being  about  1000  feet  above  sea-level;  and  it  might  with 
good  reason  be  suggested  that  Walbury  was  "  the  fortification  to 
which  the  Danes  fled,  and  held  out  a  siege  of  fourteen  days."  Or, 
again,  Chisbury  Camp,  on  the  W'ansdyke,  a  few  miles  from  Hunger- 
ford,  enclosing  within  ramparts,  45  feet  in  height,  partly  double, 
partly  treble,  an  area  of  15  acres;  or  Membury  Fort,  also  a  strongly 

1  Upon  the  point  as  to  the  probable  distance  of  Ethandune  from  Brixton- 
Deverill,  some  light  may  be  gathered  from  the  Metrical  Version  of  Geoffrey 
Gaimar,  who  says  that  on  quitting  Brixton,  the  Saxon  army  "rode  through  the 
whole  night  and  the  next  day  as  far  as  they  could,  until  they  came  to  JEglea, 
that  they  went  on  that  night,  and  the  next  day  at  nine  o'clock  they  had  reached 
Edensdone."  Now  in  no  way  is  it  intelligible  that  a  march  (in  the  whole)  of 
twelve  miles,  from  Brixton  to  Edington,  in  Wilts,  should  be  thus  described  as 
occupying  two  entire  nights  and  one  day.  It  is,  moreover,  doubtful  whether  the 
battle  did  not  take  place  on  the  third,  instead  of  the  second,  day  ;  for  this  is 
expressly  stated  by  Simeon  of  Durham,  and  is  not  inconsistent  with  Asser's 
narrative. 


By   Walter  Money,  F.S.A.  Ill 

fortified  post,  on  the  borders  of  Berks  and  Wilts,  partly  in  Lamborne 
and  partly  in  Ramsbury  parish,  may  either  of  them  well  have  been 
the  entrenched  camp  of  Asser  and  the  Saxon  chronicler. 

Whether  or  not  there  are  sufficient  grounds  for  considering  the 
Berkshire  Eddington  (the  Mddevetone  of  Domesday)  as  the  site  of 
the  battle  must  remain  an  open  question  ;  but  there  seems  little 
reason  to  doubt  its  being  the  same  with  Ethandune,  which  King 
Alfred  left  by  will  to  his  wife,  Ealhswith,  inasmuch  as  it  is  men- 
tioned in  the  same  clause  with  the  manors  of  Waneting  (Wantage) 
and  Lamburnam  (Lamborne),  the  former  of  which  is  but  a  few 
miles  to  the  north,  and  the  latter  joins  the  parish  in  the  north-west 
point.  The  three  form  Alfred's  bequest  to  his  wife,  and  seem  to 
have  comprised  all  his  private  estate  in  Berkshire. 

Since  the  above  was  written  the  writer  has  incidentally  met  with 
some  interesting  notes  on  this  subject  from  the  pen  of  the  late 
Canon  Jackson,  F.S.A.,  appended  to  an  article  on  " The  Sheriff's 
Turn,  co.  Wilts,"  in  the  Wilts  Archaological  Magazine,  vol.  xiii., 
pp.  108-110.  In  referring  to  a  lively  discussion  which  was  conducted 
some  years  ago  in  this  magazine,  Canon  Jackson  observes  that 
Brixton  (Deverill)  could  scarcely  have  been  "  Ecgbryght's  stone," 
for  in  Domesday  Book  Brixton  is  distinctly  called  "  Brictric's  Town/' 
from  its  owner,  Brictric,  a  Saxon  Thane,  who,  it  is  conceived,  in  the 
days  of  Edward  the  Confessor,  had  been  his  ambassador  at  the  Court 
of  Flanders.  He  further  calls  attention  to  the  existence  of  an 
ancient  stone  a  few  miles  north-west  of  Warminster,  marked  on 
Andrews  and  Dury's  county  map  of  Wilts,  1773,  which,  being  close 
to  the  border  of  two  counties,  would  not  have  been  an  unsuitable 
place  for  muster,  and  a  ride  of  thirty  miles  through  Selwood  would 
have  brought  the  King  and  his  staff  to  it  from  Athelney. 

"  The  secret  of  Alfred's  success,"  Canon  Jackson  goes  on  to  say 
(like  that  of  Joshua  against  the  Amorites),  "  lay  in  the  rapidity  of 
a  forced  march.  Alfred  did  not,  indeed,  go  up  '  all  night/  but  he 
(  went  up '  from  break  of  dawn  all  day  till  he  reached  ^Ecglea.  .  .  . 
It  must  surely  have  been  an  unusual  distance."  Summarizing  the 
arguments  for  and  against,  the  Canon  concludes  strongly  in  favour 
of  the  battle  having  been  fought  within  the  Berkshire  hundred  of 


112  The  Battle  of  Ethandune. 

Eglei,  and  trusts  that  some  Berkshire  Archaeologist  may  some  day 
discover  the  exact  spot  from  which  the  old  "hundred"  took  its 
name,  suggesting  that  it  may  possibly  be  found  under  the  disguise 
of  "  Eggle,  Aggie,  Edgelease,  Engle,  Oakley,  or  Oxley,  or  some 
name  of  similar  sound."  He  further  remarks  that  if  the  hundred 
of  Eglie  in  Berks  anywhere  touches  the  boundary  of  Wilts,  a  forced 
march  of  thirty-five  miles  would  have  brought  Alfred's  men  of 
valour  from  Ecbright's  stone  on  the  western  frontier  of  Wilts  to 
^Ecglie  on  the  eastern  in  the  course  of  the  second  day. 

Now,  in  the  ancient  hundred  of  ^Ecglie  or  Eglei,  now  united  to 
the  ancient  hundred  of  Cheneteberie,  or  Kintbury,  under  the  modern 
name  of  Kintbury-Eagle,  with  which  it  coincides  for  the  most  part, 
we  have  JZnglewood  or  Inglewood,  Inlease,  and  many  other  names 
which  might  easily  have  become  degraded  by  the  local  dialect  from 
the  original  ^Ecglei.  Eddington,  near  Elungerford  (the  Eddevetone 
of  Domesday,  and  the  locality,  we  believe,  where  the  battle  of 
Ethandune  was  fought),  is  within  the  hundred  of  Kintbury-Eagle, 
and,  moreover,  is  on  the  boundary  of  Wilts.  The  "  County  Cross" 
is  also  in  this  neighbourhood,  on  "  King's  Heath,"  near  Inholmes, 
Lambourn  Woodlands,  and  close  by  is  Dane's  Field ;  while  close  to 
Eddington  we  have  the  name  of  Daneford,  now  Denford. 

The  Eddington  of  which  we  write  is  that  mentioned  in  King 
Alfred's  will,  already  referred  to  as  one  of  his  own  estates,  and,  as 
Canon  Jackson  observes,  "  nothing  is  more  likely  than  he  should 
have  secured  to  himself  the  very  soil  on  which  he  crushed  the  Danish 
power  and  secured  his  throne." 

Exception  will  naturally  be  taken  by  the  supporters  of  Edington, 
near  Westbury,  Wilts,  to  the  identity  of  Ethandune  with  the 
Berkshire  Eddington  or  Edington.  "  But  why  so  ?  "  asks  Canon 
Jackson.  Alfred's  expedition  was  a  master-stroke,  the  sudden 
pouncing  of  a  hawk  upon  its  prey.  It  required  energy  and  celerity. 
Tardy  movements  of  a  few  miles  a  day,  almost  within  sight  of  the 
enemy,  would  never  have  answered  his  purpose,  and  in  this  respect 
the  Berkshire  Eddington  seems  to  satisfy  the  most  essential  demands 
of  the  case." 

The  learned  Canon,  although  laying  the  scene  of  the  battle  within 


The  Wilts  County  Court — Devizes  versus   Wilton.          113 

the  hundred  of  Eglei,  has  unintentionally  strengthened  his  argument 
by  mentioning  Yattendon,  a  village  seven  miles  north-east  from 
Newbury,  as  the  place  referred  to  by  Dr.  Beke  as  the  site  of  the 
action  ;  but  it  is  Eddington,  near  Hungerford,  which  the  latter 
suggested,  and  some  fourteen  miles  nearer  Ecbright's  stone. 


;ilts  Cottntg  Court. 


®tmy&  «w*fw 

By  JAMES  WAYLEN, 

changes  which  the  last  two  hundred  years  have  brought 
about  in  the  judicial  machinery  of  courts  and  polling  places, 
quite  remove  from  the  discussion  which  the  above  heading  may  seem 
to  indicate,  anything  like  the  ignominious  element  of  local  rivalry. 
With  all  this  we  have  now  done.  But  the  story  of  the  transfer  of 
the  County  Court  may  still  have  attractions  for  the  archa3ological 
mind ;  the  more  so  as  it  has  hitherto  received  very  little  notice  from 
our  local  annalists. 

The  first  thing  to  be  noted  is  that  in  the  great  Civil  War  the 
Parliament's  cause  had  not  a  more  ardent  adherent  in  Wiltshire  than 
Robert  Hippisley,  of  Stanton  Pi tz warren  :  and  that  in  after  days 
he  became  so  attached  to  the  Protector  Oliver  as  to  be  spoken  of  by 
his  adversaries  as  one  of  Cromwell's  creatures.  The  same  epithet 
was  applied  to  another  gentleman  in  that  part  of  the  county,  namely 
Isaac  Burgess,  of  Marlborough.  Now,  both  of  these  gentlemen 
were  in  turn  sheriffs  of  the  county  during  the  transition  period 
before  and  after  Cromwell's  death,  and  both  of  them  interested 
themselves  in  getting  the  County  Court  transferred  from  Wiltoii  to 

1  A  portion  of  this  paper  has  already   appeared   in  "  G-illman's   Devizes 
Almanack  and  Directory  for  1892," 


114          The   Wilts  County  Court — Devizes  versus   Wilton. 

Devizes;  principally,  no  doubt,  on  the  ground  of  general  convenience, 
but  possibly  also  to  give  greater  expression  to  the  liberal  element 
for  which  Devizes  was  then  conspicuous.     Be  this  as  it  may,  there 
seems  good  reason-  to  trace  the  hand  of  Cromwell  in  the  affair,  and 
thus  again   to  account   for  the  haste  with  which  the  action  of  the 
advance  party  was  systematically  reversed,  here  as  elsewhere,  at  the 
Restoration.       Eventually    the    Wilton    folk    recovered    their  lost 
privilege  or  appanage,  though  theoretically  it  was  still  dependent 
on  the  personal  will  of  the  sheriff  for  the  time  being.     This  was 
shown  soon  after  by  the  fact  that  at  the  ensuing  general  election, 
when  the  sheriff  of  that  year,  Sir  James  Thynne,  of  Longleat,  was 
anxious  to  get  a  nominee  of   his   own    returned   for    Wilton,    he 
threatened  the  Wilton  burgesses  that  unless   they  would  pleasure 
him  therein  he  would  take  his  own  course,  which  they  understood 
to  be  the  again  removal  of  the  Court  to  Devizes.     The  burgesses  of 
Wilton  replied  to   the   sheriff  that   they   had    already   made   their 
election  and  meant  to  adhere  to  it.     Sir  James  does  not  appear  to 
have  pushed  matters  to  extremity  on  this  occasion  ;  it  is  nevertheless 
true  that  in  the  next  reign,  when  James  II.  was  inviting  the  Non- 
conformists to  take  part  with  himself  in  treading  down  the  Anglican 
party,  the  proposition  for  going  back   to  Devizes  was  again  in  the 
air.      The  subsequent  history   of  the   Court   we   need   not   further 
pursue.     Let  the  above  suffice  as  introductory  to  the  ensuing  docu- 
mentary evidence. 

The   Wilton  Petition  to  recover  the  County  Court. 

To  THE  RIGHT  WORSHIPFUL  SIR  JAMES  THYNNE,  KNT.,  HIGH  SHERIFF 
OF  THE  COUNTY  OF  WILTS. 

The  humble  petition  of  the  Mayor,  Burgesses,  and  other  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Borough  of  Wilton, — Humbly  showeth  that  in  this  late  intestine  war  the  in- 
habitants of  the  said  borough  have  suffered  much  prejudice  to  tbe  great  im- 
poverishment of  the  said  inhabitants.  Yet  to  add  more,  one  Hippisley,  late 
Sheriff  of  this  county,  was  pleased  to  add  a  further  prejudice,  the  removing  of 
the  County  Court  from  us  to  the  Devizes  ;  which  hath  been  continued  by  his 
successor  [Isaac]  Burgess,  notwithstanding  the  right  honourable  Earl  of  Pembroke 
was  pleased  in  the  behalf  of  the  said  borough  to  write  his  letter  to  the  said 
Burgess  for  the  return  thereof,  which  he  slighted,— the  said  Hippisley  and  him- 
self being  the  creatures  of  Oliver  late  Protector.  Besides,  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Devizes  made  one  Captain  Scotteu  (being  a  States'  captain)  one  of  their  Burgesses, 
to  serve  in  Parliament,  of  purpose  to  be  instrumental  for  the  continuance  of  the 


By  James   Way  leu.  115 

said  Court  at  the  Devizes. — May  it  therefore  please  your  Worship  to  cause  your 
under  sheriff  at  the  next  Court  to  be  held  at  the  Devizes,  to  adjourn  the  said 
Court  to  the  borough  of  Wilton,  where  it  had  its  foundation,  being  the  Shire- 
town,  and  so  continued  until  these  last  Sheriffs'  times.  And  not  only  ourselves 
shall  rest  very  thankful ;  but  we  are  confident  that  the  Earl  of  Pembroke,  when 
it  is  done,  will  give  you  thanks  also ;  whose  letter,  if  time  had  permitted,  would 
have  been  written  unto  you,  to  this  purpose. 

The  Devizes  Counter  Petition  to  the  Sheriff.  4>tk  December,  1660. 
MAY  IT  PLEASE  YOU; — The  .absence  of  the  Mayor  of  our  borough,  he  being 
now  at  London,  hath  been  the  cause  of  retarding  our  making  a  more  timely 
application  unto  you  concerning  the  County  Court,  which,  through  the  good 
inclination  of  the  two  last  Sheriffs  unto  the  common  good  and  their  well-wishing 
unto  this  our  town,  hath  been  holden  and  kept  in  this  our  borough  these  five 
years  past,  it  being  the  centre  of  the  county,  to  the  great  ease  and  contentment 
of  the  inhabitants  of  all  the  north  part,  and  middle  part  also,  of  this  county,— 
who,  in  case  the  Court  should  be  kept  in  the  skirt  of  the  Shire,  must  of  necessity 
be  compelled  to  travel,  some  of  them  thirty,  some  forty,  and  some  fifty  miles  or 
near  thereabout,  unto  the  Court.  And  in  regard  thereof,  they  would  rather  pay 
unjust  debts  than  take  so  far  a  journey ;  where,  having  no  acquaintance,  they 
may  be  put  to  great  straits  in  case  of  arrests — WE,  the  inhabitants  of  the  said 
borough  of  Devizes  whose  names  are  here  underwritten,  do  in  tbe  name  of  the 
whole  borough,  and  in  behalf  also  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  county,  whose  hands 
we  have  heretofore  had  upon  the  like  occasion  to  the  number  of  many  hundreds 
of  them,  humbly  desire  your  worship  to  be  pleased  to  continue  the  County  Court 
to  be  kept  here  at  the  Devizes  during  your  sheriff  wick  ;  or  [else]  every  other 
Court  at  the  Devizes  and  the  other  at  Wilton  ;  on  which  Court-days  all  persons 
having  business  to  Court  shall,  as  in  time  past,  come  free  and  go  free  without 
any  arrest  out  of  our  Town-Court ;  unless  your  worship  with  the  Justices  of 
peace  of  the  County  shall  be  pleased  to  give  way  for  arrests  under  £5,  in  case 
the  defendants  shall  come  to  out-swear  their  creditors  of  their  due  debts  which 
they  owe  them.  And  we  hope  there  shall  be  no  complaints  made  against  the 
Court ;  there  having  in  truth  very  few  or  none  been  made  against  it  these  five 
years.  Thus  having  made  bold  to  solicit  you  in  this  behalf,  as  well  knowing  it 
to  be  your  just  right  to  dispose  thereof,  we  refer  it  to  your  grave  consideration, 
and  remain, 

Your  Worship's  humble  servants  to  serve  you, 
William  Allford  Thomas  Long  Philip  Strong 

John  Burnett  John  May  Richard  Smith 

John  Eyles,  jun.  William  Naish  William  Thurman 

William  Filkes  Edward  Paine  John  Tidcombe 

Henry  Flower  Edward  Pierce  Robert  Walker,  Jun. 

Thomas  Flower  Richard  Pierce  John  Watton 

John  Gaysford  Christopher  Pullen  Richard  Watton 

John  Glas  John  Rose  Richard  Webb 

Thomas  Grubb  William  Sayer  John  White 

William  Hayes  John  Sloper  John  Wintworth 

John  Hicklouss  Robert  Sloper  John  Worsdall 

Robert  Ings.  John  Smith  Cornelius  Wyrt 


116          The  Wilts  County  Court — Devizes  versus   Wilton. 

Certificates  of  Justices  of  the  Peace  in  North   Wilts. 
To  THE  EIGHT  WORSHIPFUL  SIR  JAMES  THYNNE,   KNT.,  SHERIFF  OF  THE 

COUNTY  OF  WILTS. 

WE,  whose  names  are  here  underwritten  do  hereby  certify  that  we  conceive 
the  Devizes  (being  a  town  fitted  for  entertainment  and  seated  in  the  centre  of 
of  the  county)  to  be  a  very  fit  place  for  the  keeping  of  your  County  Court  there  ; 
which  will  he  to  the  great  ease  and  contentment  of  the  inhabitants  both  of  the 
north  part  and  of  the  middle  part  also,  of  the  county  ;  referring  it  to  your  con- 
sideration. 

THOMAS  GRUBB  WILLM.  YORKE 

WILLIAM  GALLEY  RICHARD  BROWNE 

The  like  Certificate  signed  by 

LAWRENCE  WASHINGTON  and  JOHN  ESTCOURT. 

Second  Appeal  Jrom  Devizes  after  the  Removal  lack  to  Wilton  had 

taken  place. 
To  THE  SHERIFF. 

MAY  IT  PLEASE  YOU  : — Whereas,  for  causes  best  known  to  yourself  you  have 
been  prevailed  with  to  remove  your  County  Court  from  our  borough,  being  the 
centre  of  the  county,  unto  Wilton,  being  a  place  remote  and  in  the  skirts  of  the 
shire,  which  we  well  know  to  be  your  just  right  to  dispose  thereof  at  your 
pleasure,  and  against  which  we  have  not  one  word  to  speak  ;  yet  seeing  that  the 
inhabitants  of  the  north  part  and  of  the  middle  part  also  of  this  county  do  often 
by  their  expressions  in  our  hearing  take  to  heart  the  loss  of  such  a  common  good, 
being  already  sensible  of  the  inconveniences  and  pressures  that  do  and  will  ensue 
thereupon,  wherein  as  they  are  mainly  concerned,  so  we  also  your  petitioners  are 
in  a  special  manner  concerned  therein  ; — WE,  the  inhabitants  of  the  borough  of 
Devizes  whose  names  are  here  underwritten  for  and  in  the  behalf  of  the  whole 
Corporation,  relying  upon  your  good  inclination  to  the  public  good  and  3rour 
well-wishing  unto  this  our  town,  do  again  embolden  ourselves  to  make  application 
unto  you  as  in  like  manner  we  have  lately  done, — THAT  you  would  vouchsafe  to 
adjourn  your  Court  to  be  kept  again  at  the  Devizes ;  and  to  be  pleased  to 
condescend  so  far  as  that  there  may  be  arrests  out  of  our  Town-Court  for  small 
debts  not  exceeding  five  pounds  against  such  as  shall  out- swear  their  creditors  of 
their  just  debts  (if  you  think  good) ;  which  thing  is  much  wished  by  the  in- 
habitants of  the  county. — And  you  shall  oblige  us  who  are, 

Your  Worship's  at  your  service  to  be  commanded, 

JOHN  TAYLER,  Mayor. 

William  Allford  William  Blandford  Nath.  Comely 

William  Bancroft  Robert  Bruusden  John  Gorton 

Richard  Barker  Edward  Bryant  Thomas  Critter 

Richard  Batt  Philip  Butcher  Peter  Crooke 

Samuel  Batt  John  Clarke  John  Drewe 

Stephen  Bay  ley  Richard  Clarke  Michael  Drewe 

George  Bayly  Thomas  Clarke  Henry  Durnford 

Thomas  Baylye  Worsted  Comber  John  Eaton 

Robert  Bennet  Thomas  Collier  John  Eyles 


By  James   Waylen. 


117 


John  Filkes 
Thomas  Filkes 
William  Filkes 
John  Fitzall 
Henry  Flower 
Thomas  Flower 
Nicholas  Forerth 
John  Freeme 
Philip  Godfrey 
Francis  Goulding 
Walter  Goulding 
William  Hayes 
Robert  Heal 
Richard  Hillier 
William  Hoole 
Edward  Hope 
Robert  Ings 
John  Long 
Thomas  Long 
Walter  May 
John  Munday 
Roger  Nevinson 
Job  Palmer 
Francis  Paradice 
John  Paratt 


Edward  Payne 
Edward  Pierce 
Richard  Pierce 
William  Poole 
Edmund  Potter 
Francis  Potter 
Thomas  Potter 
William  Powell 
William  Pullen 
Michael  Reade 
Benjamin  Richards 
John  Rogers 
John  Sainsbury 
William  Sayer 
Andrew  Scott 
Roger  Scott 
George  Sloper 
Robert  Sloper 
John  Sloper 
Ambrose  Smith 
Edmund  Smith 
Edmund  Smith,  Jun. 
John  Smith 
Richard  Smith 
Robert  Somner 


William  Somner 
John  Stevens 
Benjamin  Street 
James  Smith 
Samuel  Tayler 
John  Tidcombe 
William  Thurman 
Robert  Walter 
Robert  Watters 
John  Watton 
Richard  Watton 
William  Watts 
John  Webb 
Richard  Webb 
Richard  Webb,  Jun. 
Anthony  West 
Robert  West 
John  White 
Jeremy  Williams 
John  Willis 
John  Wintworth 
John  Worsdall 
Ambrose  Zeally 


In  the  petition  from  inhabitants  of  North  Wilts,  the  arguments 
put  forth  are  so  like  those  from  Devizes  that  recital  is  unnecessary. 
The  subscribers'  names  here  following1  cover,  as  will  be  at  once  seen, 
only  about  a  dozen  miles  north  of  Devizes ;  and  were  probably 
gathered  by  some  agents  from  the  town,  who,  had  they  penetrated 
a  little  further  north,  might  no  doubt  have  expanded  the  list  at 
least  three-fold. 


Thomas  Adlam  of  Allcannings 
Samuel  Alborne  of  Chippenham 
Ralph  Aldridge  of  Coulston 
Thornel  Amor  of  Charlton 
Christopher  Angel  of  Chippenham 
Thomas     Arthington,     of    Eastcott, 

Urchfont,  clerk 
William  Audris  of  Calne 
Charles  Aven  of  Erlestoke 
John  Axford  of  Rowde 
John  [Bale  ?]  of  Chippenham 
William  Barker 


Leonardo  Barnes  of  Cannings 
Anthony  Bartlett  of  Allcannings 
Edward  Bayliffe  of  Melksham 
John  Bayly  of  Lavington 
Thomas  Beard  of  Castlecombe 
Thomas  Berket  of  Erchfont 
Edward  Bishop  of  Calne 
John  Bishop  of  Chippenham 
Robert  Bond  of  Chippenham 
John  Brewer  of  Chippenham 
Ambrose  Broakeway  of  Coulston 
Robert  Brothers  of  Bishops  Cannings 


118          The  Wilts  County  Court — Devizes  versus   Wilton. 


Christopher  [BrunellP]  Vicar  of  Mar- 
ket Lavington 
Henry  Bull  of  Potterne 
Eichard  [Bund  ?]  of  Chippenham 
William  Chappel  of  Wilsford 
Michael  Chappel  of  Bishops  Cannings 
Robert  Child,  of  Heddington 
John  Clack  of  Lavington 
John  Clarke  of  Calne 
Henry  Crawley  of  Lavington 
William  Crawley  of  Conock 
Richard  Cripps  of  Conock 
Thomas  Cripps  of  Berwick  Bassett 
Bartholomew  Cromwell  of  Melksham 
Thomas  Crooke  of  Erchfont 
Robert  Crue 

Christopher  Gulliver  of  Chippenham 
Jonathan  Derke  of  Chippenham 
Henry  Drewe  of  Poulshot 
John  Durnford  of  Allcannings 

William  Dyer  of  Chippenham 

Robert  Dyke  of  Horton 
Francis  Ellyott  of  Rowde 

Thomas  Ellyott  of  Rowde 

Richard  Elwes  of  Calne 

Richard  Filkes  of  Rowde 

Edmund  Fooch  of'  Pewsey 

Henry  Ford 

John  Forman  of  Calne 

Walter  Forman  of  Calne 

Charles  Fry  of  Chippenham 

Samuel  Gage  of  Chippenham 

John  Gale  of  Chippenham 

William  Gale  of  Chippenham 

James  Gaysford  of  Lavington 

William  Gilbert  of  Erchfont 

Jeremy  Giles 

Nicholas  Giles 

George  Glass  of  Potterne 

William  Glass  of  Littleton 

Richard  Godsett 

Nicholas  Gough  of  Fiddington 

Gabriel  Goulding  of  Chippenham 

John  Hancock  of  Seend 

William  Harding  of  Chippenham 

Edward  Hayward  of  Great  Cheveril 

Thomas  Hayward  of  Little  Cheveril 

John  Hill  of  Seend 


John  Hinton  of  Enford 
William  Hisken  of  Easterton 
Thomas  Hobbes  of  Chippenham 
William  Holloway  of  Lavington 
William  Horad  of  Melksham 
Christopher  Hoscock  of  Lavington 
Richard  Huchence  of  Rowde 
John  Hudden  of  Worton 
Maurice  Jarvis  of  Allcannings 
John  Jefferey  of  Chippenham 
Charles  Jones  of  South  Wraxhall 
Edward  Jones  of  North  Bradley 
William  Jordan  of  Keevil 
William  Langraster  of  Lavington 
Richard  Lee  of  Chippenham 
Edmund  Light  of  Chippenham 
Thomas  Long  of  Worton 
William  Long  of  Bromhain 
John  Loudlee  [Ludlow  ?]  of  Stoke 
John  Lovegrove  of  Christian  Malford 
Thomas  Loving  of  Rowde 
Thomas  Manning  of  Wedhampton 
William  Martin  of  Lavington 
John  Mayo  of  Calne 
Nicholas  Melksham  of  Bishops  Can- 
nings 

Richard  Merritt  of  Christian  Malford 
John  Minty  of  Worton 
William  Moggeridge  of  Potterne 
Thomas  Moose 
John  Moone  of  Chippenham 
John  Moxham  of  Corsham 
Nicholas  Munday  of  Shrewton 
John  Musprat  of  Erchfont 
John  Nash  of  Chippenham 
John  Nash  of  Conock 
Thomas  Nash  of  Chippenham 
John  Neate  of  Coate 
Jonathan  New  of  Marston 
George  Newell 
John  Nordin 
Simon  Oram  of  Worton 
Edward  Page  of  Potterne 
William  Page  of  Calue 
William  Palrnore 
Richard  Paty  of  Calne 
William  Patye  of  Potterne 
Nicholas  Pearce  of  Poulshot 


By  James   Waylen* 


119 


Thomas  Phippen  of  Horton 
William  Powell  of  Bedborough  [St. 

James's,  Devizes] 
Francis  Preste 

George  Reynolds  [qu.  Blacklands] 
Thomas  Reynolds  of  Chippeahain 
Anthony  Rogers  of  Stocke 
John  Rogers  of  Heddington 
Henry  Rogers  of  Heddington 
Moses  Ruddall  of  Lavington 
John  Ruddle  of  Hewish 
Eobert  Raddle  of  Horton 
Adam  Rutty  of  Melksham 
John  Rutty  of  Melksham 
William  Sainsbury  of  Allcannings 
Humphrey  Scott  of  Heddington 
John  Scott  of  Calne 
Richard  Seager  of  Calne 
William  [Selfe  ?]  of  Calne 
Henry  Sheppard  of  Worton 
Thomas  Simes  of  Allington 
Thomas  Sims  of  Poulshot 
John  Slade  of  Market  Lavington 
Matthew  Smith  of  Corsham 
Robert  Smith  of  Chippenham 
Eobert  Smith  of  Laviugton 
Vincent  Snooke  of  Erchfont 
Edward  Somner  of  Rowde 


William  Somner  of  Rowde 
Edward  Stephens  of  Chippenham 
Thomas  Stevens  of  Poulshot 
Robert  Still  of  Potterne 
Thomas  Still  of  Market  Lavington 
John  Stokes  of  Seend 
Joseph  Street  of  Chippenham 
William  Strong  of  Lavington 
John  Taylor  of  Rowde 
Nicholas  Terrel  of  Chippenham 
Edward  Therunt  of  Erchfont 
John  Tucker  of  Lavington 
Robert  Tucker  of  Steple  Ashton 
Robert  Ward  of  Orcheston  St.  George 
John  Wayte  of  Lavington 
Edward  Webb  of  Rowde 
John  Webb  of  Chippenham 
Thomas  Webb  of  Little  Cheveril 
William  Webb  of  Little  Cheveril 
Thomas  Weston  of  Horton 
John  Whatley  of  [Lavingtou  ?] 
Stephen  Whetiker  of  Lavington 
Thomas  Wilde  of  Chippenham 
John  Wilks  of  Enford 
Thomas  Wiltshire  of  Chippenham 
Henry  Withers  of  Uphaven 
Shildery  Worman  of  Calne 


NOTES  respecting  some  of  the  above  names  : — 

Robert  Child,  of  Heddington,  has  been  long  regarded  as  the  father  of  the 
modern  banking  system. 

The  Tayler  (not  Taylor)  family  of  Devizes,  apparently  the  ancestors  of  Admiral 
Taylor,  the  supporter  of  Admiral  Durham,  the  Tory  candidate  for  Devizes,  in 
1832,  were  such  vehement  anti- Royalists  at  the  Civil  War  period  that  in  1661 
Charles  II.  wrote  to  the  Mayor  of  Devizes,  directing  him  to  eject  John  Tayler 
from  the  office  of  Town  Clerk,  in  favour  of  Robert  Foote,  who  had  suffered  in 
the  Penruddocke  rising. 

Cromwell. — There  was  a  considerable  group  of  this  family  scattered  about 
Laycock,  Bath,  Keevil,  Seend,  Melksham,  and  Devizes  (deriving  from  Sir  Philip,, 
the  uncle  of  the  Protector  P)  Those  in  Bath  were  master  stone  quarriers,  those 
in  Wiltshire  cloth  manufacturers.  The  will  of  John  Cromwell,  of  Roundway, 
Devizes,  dated  1746,  constitutes  as  executor  his  brother,  Philip  Cromwell,  cloth 
worker,  residing  in  Bedborough  [now  known  as  the  London  Road].  Philip's  own 
will  is  dated  1747,  the  witnesses  being  Solomon  Hughes  and  Mary  Walters. 

Hippisley.  May  it  not  be  assumed  that  Robert  Hippisley  was  the  benevolent 
gentleman  who  had  the  courage  to  relieve,  on  their  weary  march  to  Oxford  jail, 


120          The   Wilts  County  Court — Devizes  versus   Wilton. 

the  unfortunate  Marlborough  burgesses,  when  some  of  the  King's  officers,  taking 
their  cue  from  Prince  Rupert,  presumed  to  treat  England  as  a  foreign  conquered 
country  ;  setting  the  town  of  Marlborough  on  fire  and  sending  off  the  principal 
inhabitants  in  a  body  to  Oxford  Castle,  there  to  languish  and  (in  many  instances) 
to  die.  The  refreshment  administered  to  the  captives  took  place  (we  are  told), 
near  Lambourn,  and  Lambourn  is  some  miles  from  Stanton  Fitzwarren,  the 
Hippisley  seat.  But  then  the  family  of  Hippisley  is  associated  also  with 
Lambourn  (see  the  Charity  Reports}.  Besides,  the  distance  of  a  few  miles 
would  form  no  barrier  to  Hippisley  generosity. 

The  authority  for  the  statement  above  made,  as  to  Sir  James 
Thynne's  endeavour  to  influence  the  Wilton  electors,  will  be  found 
in  the  following  letter  : — 

To  'JOHN  NICHOLAS,  ESQ.,  AT   MB.  SECRETARY  NICHOLAS'S  LODGINGS  IN 
WHITEHALL,  WESTMINSTER.— POST  PAID  2o. 

Netherhampton,  24th  March,  1660/1. 

SIR. — Yours  with  those  enclosed  I  have  received ;  and  must  confess  myself 
in  a  strait  what  is  fittest  to  be  done  in  that  affair.  I  find  all  at  Wilton  very 
confident  in  their  first  resolutions  as  to  yourself  and  Mr.  Mompesson ;  and 
am  afraid  that  if  .you  should  be  chosen  at  Salisbury  it  would  be  a  very  hard 
matter  to  get  Mr.  Denham  elected  at  Wilton;  by  which  means  my  lord's 
interest  will  be  utterly  laid  aside  there,  and  some  other  unknown  person  on 
the  Sheriff's  account  elected ;  who  hath  upon  the  matter  signified  to  the 
borough  that  in  case  they  refuse  to  pleasure  him  in  that  election,  he  will  take 
his  course,  which  they  understand  to  be  the  removing  of  the  County  Court 
lately  by  him  brought  thither  from  the  Devizes.  The  Mayor  of  Wilton,  with 
the  rest  there,  have  answered  the  Sheriff  that  they  were  pre-engaged  before 
they  were  acquainted  with  his  desires,  and  cannot  possibly  pleasure  him  at 
present.  And,  for  aught  I  can  understand,  they  resolve  to  speed  the  election  ; 
being  unwilling  to  have  a  stranger  put  upon  them,  which  is  much  feared  in 
case  you  will  stand  for  Salisbury,  as  is  too  much  noised  abroad  here.  Sir 
on  these  considerations,  I  must  beg  your  favour  to  give  me  leave  to  keep 
yours  in  my  hands  till  I  hear  from  you  again ;  and  shall  in  the  mean  time 
inform  myself  further  of  the  proceedings  in  both  places  and  give  you  accouiit 
thereof ;  and  thus  leave  it  to  your  own  judgment  to  accept  of  which  you 
think  most  fit.  Could  I  find  any  probability  of  pleasuring  Mr.  Denham  at 
Wilton,  it  would  be  a  good  encouragement  to  prosecute  your  desires  at  Sarum 
more  comfortably;  but  the  quite  contrary  appears  to 

Sir,  your  most  humble  servant, 

WILLIAM  GAUNTLETT. 

In  effect,  the  Wilton  burgesses  carried  their  two  men,  namely, 
John  Nicholas,  Jun.,  and  Thomas  Mompesson. 


121 


Cjraulj  of  p  Saints, 


By  C.  E.  PONTING,  F.S.A. 

following-  brief  description  of  this  Church  was  given  by 
me  on  the  occasion  of  the  joint  visit  of  the  Wiltshire  and 
Gloucestershire  Archaeological  Societies  in  August,  1  892.  At  that 
time  it  was  hoped  that  the  Church,  which  has  fallen  into  a  sad 
state  of  dilapidation  and  unfitness,  might  be  repaired  and  secured 
for  many  centuries  on  its  present  site  :  but,  owing  mainly  to  the 
difficulties  of  access  in  winter,  the  parishioners  and  others  responsible 
deem  it  necessary  to  remove  it  to  a  more  convenient  place.  If  this 
scheme  be  carried  out  the  chancel  will  be  repaired  and  retained  as  a 
mortuary  chapel,  and  the  nave  and  tower  taken  down  and  re-erected 
—  each  worked  stone  and  each  piece  of  timber  in  roof  and  framing1 
will  be  first  separately  marked,  and  a  corresponding  mark  put  on 
its  counterpart  on  drawings  of  the  various  parts  so  as  to  ensure  its 
occupying  its  ancient  position  in  the  re-built  structure.  A  suitable 
chancel  will  be  added  to  this.  Although  this  will  require  great 
care  it  is  quite  practicable,  and  it  will  be  a  work  of  much  interest. 
With  this  in  view  careful  measured  drawings  of  the  Church  in  its 
present  state  have  been  made,  some  of  which  accompany  this  paper. 
This  structure  consists  of  nave  and  chancel,  the  former  having  a 
south  porch  and  a  western  tower  constructed  of  timber.  The  walls 
of  the  nave  are  of  thirteenth  century  date,  and  are  entirely  without 
buttresses,  but  the  various  features  have  been  subsequently  altered 
and  the  chief  distinguishing  marks  of  the  early  work  are  the  piece 
of  string-course  and  the  lancet  opening  for  the  bell  (the  marks  of 
the  gudgeons  of  which  can  be  traced)  in  the  east  gable  of  the  nave, 
and  the  chancel  arch,  which  is  a  low  one  of  two  orders  of  chamfers 
carried  down  to  the  floor.  Late  in  the  fourteenth  century  the  porch 
was  constructed,  and  it  still  retains  its  original  roof,  doorway,  a^d 
niche  with  pedestal  for  figure  in  the  east  wall.  The  original  door 
is  stowed  away  under  the  gallery.  At  the  same  time  a 


The  Church  of  All  Saints,   The  Leigh,  near  Cricklade. 

window  was  inserted  in  the  south  wall  of  the  nave  eastward  of  the 
porch,  the  tracery  of  which  has  been  disturbed  by  a  lowering-  of  the 
walls  and  window-head — probably  to  receive  the  new  roof  in  1688. 
At  about  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  a  great  alteration  took 
place  in  this  Church.  The  interesting  (and  in  some  respects  unique) 
wooden  tower,  with  its  massive  postvS  and  braces  rising  from  the 
ground  inside  the  nave  walls,  was  erected,  the  west  gable  was  re- 
built and  a  new  three-light  window  introduced,  two  similar  windows 
of  two  lights  each  and  a  second  doorway  were  inserted  in  the  north 
wall  of  the  nave,  and  the  cross  on  the  east  gable  renewed. 

At  the  same  time  the  chancel  was  entirely  re-built  with  the 
diagonal  buttresses  characteristic  of  the  period.  The  three-light 
window  in  the  south  wall  of  the  sanctuary,  with  its  inside  sill  carried 
down  as  sedilia,  and  the  charming  piscina  in  the  east  jamb,  are 
coeval  with  the  re-building ;  the  east  window  (a  good  three-light 
one  temp.  Edward  I.,  with  early  cusping  and  the  nail-head  ornament 
on  outside  label)  and  the  priests'  door,  which  is  of  late  fourteenth 
century  date,  were,  however,  parts  of  the  previous  chancel,  re-built 
with  the  walls  at  this  time. 

The  roof  of  the  chancel  is  concealed  by  a  coved  plaster  ceiling, 
and  it  has  a  modern  tie-beam  ;  but  its  ancient  pitch  is  retained,  and 
the  old  roof  probably  exists.  Shortly  after  this  a  rood-loft  was 
erected,  and,  although  it  does  not  still  remain,  traces  of  its  former 
existence  may  be  seen  in  the  cutting  away  of  the  label  of  the 
chancel  arch  and  the  insertion  of  the  small  square  window  to  light 
it.  A  two-light  square-head  window  was  also  inserted  in  the  south 
wall  of  the  nave  westward  of  the  porch. 

The  roof  of  the  nave  is  an  absolutely  unique  feature  in  a  Parish 
Church  so  far  as  my  experience  goes,  and  its  Gothic  character  at  so 
late  a  period  may  be  attributed  to  the  revival  in  the  Church  which 
took  place  at  the  time  of  Archbishop  Laud.  On  the  wall-plate  on 
the  north  side  is  carved  the  inscription  : — 

"W  +  T  T  +  W  H  +  N  Carppenters." 

(with  a  fleur-de-lys  between  each  pair  of  initials.) 

"  Blanchadin  Wake  :  John  Waldron  : 
Churchwardens  :  1638." 


The  Church  of  All  Saints,   The  Leigh,  near  Cricklade.       123 

And  this  is  doubtless  the  date  of  the  construction  of  the  roof.  On 
one  of  the  south  purlins  is  cut  the  inscription  T.  T.  IL.  C.  W.  1783, 
and  on  the  collar  of  the  east  truss  is  cut  the  further  inscription  : — 

"  John  Waldron  and  John  Painter, 
Chappelwardens  1717  and  18.       John  Flux  Painter." 

The  latter  two  doubtless  refer  to  some  repairs  or  alterations,  and  the 
last  I  conjecture  is  the  date  when  the  panelling  in  the  east  bay  was 
put  up.  The  principal- trusses  of  this  roof  are  of  "  collar  "  form,  with 
moulded  braces  pierced  with  openings  of  quatrefoil  shape.  The 
purlins  and  collars  are  surmounted  by  an  embattled  member.  The 
trusses  have  beneath  them  rudely-carved  angels  in  an  attitude  of 
prayer.  All  the  work,  although  Gothic  in  its  general  forms,  is 
distinctly  Jacobean  in  detail,  and  the  late  date  can  be  discerned  in 
the  rudeness  of  the  workmanship,  the  flatness  of  the  mouldings, 
and  the  peculiar  wavy  form  of  the  wind-braces.  The  eastern  bay 
of  this  roof  has  a  panelled  oak  ceiling  following  the  lines  of  the 
braces,  and  with  moulded  ribs  and  carved  bosses.  This  seems  to 
have  been  put  up  at  a  later  date,  but  it  is  very  Gothic  in  style. 

Some  of  the  seating  near  the  west  end  is  of  coeval  date,  but 
without  any  Gothic  feeling;  the  rest  of  the  seating  is  modern,  and 
of  deal. 

The  pulpit  with  sounding-board  dates  from  the  earlier  half  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  is  in  good  condition ;  the  font  is  a  small 
one  of  about  the  same  age.  A  modern  window  has  been  inserted 
in  the  north  wall  to  light  the  pulpit.  A  gallery  has  been  erected 
at  the  west  end  under  the  tower,  and  dormers  inserted  in  the  roof 
to  light  it. 

Bits  of  fifteenth  century  glass  are  preserved  in  one  of  the  north 
windows  and  in  the  altered  tracery  of  the  south  window  of  the  nave. 

The  altar  rails  are  of  oak  in  a  modern  pattern  of  fretwork ;  there 
are  two  steps  at  this  point  at  present,  but  apparently  only  one 
formerly  existed.  Some  post- Re  formation  colouring  is  discernible 
on  the  north  wall  of  the  nave  (texts  of  two  dates),  also  on  the 
walls  of  the  chancel. 


124 


Contriktions  tofoarte  a  MiltsMre 

Q 

By  G.  E.  DAETNELL  and  the  REV.  E.  H.  GODDABD. 
[For  previous  Word-lists  see  Vol.  xxvi.,  p.  84,  and  p.  293.] 

few  pages  of  Addenda  to  the   Wiltshire    Word-lists 
which  have  already  appeared  in  vol.  xxvi.  of  this  Magazine 
must  not  be  taken  as  by  any  means  exhausting  the  subject.     We 
have  no  doubt  that  many  very  characteristic  words  and  phrases  will 
prove  to  have  been  overlooked  by  us,  however  diligent  we  may  have 
been  in  our  researches  :   and  any  additions  to  our  list  will  always  be 
most  acceptable.     There  are  some  parts  of  the  county  from  which 
we  have  as  yet  obtained  little  or  nothing  that  is  worth  recording, 
and  others  from  which  the  yield,  although  by  no  means  inconsider- 
able, has  as  yet  fallen  far  short  of  expectation.     However,  taking 
the  three  lists  together,  enough  materials  have  now  been  collected 
to  warrant  the  publication  of  the   Word-list  as  a  separate  volume, 
and  it  is  with  much  pleasure  that  we  take  this  opportunity  of  an- 
nouncing that  the   English   Dialect   Society   has   very  generously 
undertaken  to  include  it  in  their  valuable  series  of  County  Glossaries, 
and  to  publish  it  at  the  Clarendon  Press  this  autumn.     Our  thanks 
are  due  to  many  kind  helpers,  amongst  whom  may  be  mentioned 
Mr.   R.   Coward,  Mr.   J.   U.  Powell,  the  Rev.  C.  Soames,  and  Mr. 
F.  M.  Willis,  for  their  assistance  in  collecting  the  words  here  given, 
which  must  be  taken  as  forming  part  of  the  lists  which  appeared  in 
vol.  xxvi.,  pp.  84-169  and  293 — 314.     The  abbreviations  here  used 
are  as   before,   viz. : — (A)  Akerman,  (B)  Britton,  (D)  Davis,    (H) 
Halliwell,  (Wr.)  Wright,   (N.  &  S.  W.)  North  and  South  Wilts, 
etc.,    words    with   which   we  are  not  personally  acquainted  being 
marked  with   an  asterisk   (*).     A  few  very  interesting  words  have 
been   gleaned    from    a  small   Glossary  of  Wiltshire  Words,  by  Mr. 
Edward    Slow,    of   Wilton    (the    well-known  author  of    Wiltshire 
Rhymes),  which  has  recently  been  published. 


Contributions  towards  a   Wiltshire   Glossary.  125 

Abear.     To  bear,  to  endure.  N.  &  S.W. 

Afeard.    Add-.— S.W. 

*Agalds.     Add  :— This  has  no  connection  with  aglets.     The  d  is  excrescent. 

It  stands  for  'agle,  i.e.,  hagle  or  haigle,  a  diminutive  of  Jiague  or  haw.— 

Smy  the- Palmer.     See  Folk-Etymology,  p.  630. 
Agg.     (1)     Add :—  S.W. 

(2)     Add :— To  irritate,  to  provoke.  N.  &  S.W. 

Ailes,  Eyles,  lies,  etc.     The  awns  of  barley.  N.  &  S.W. 

All-amang.    Add  •— S.W. 

*Anan.     Add  :— 'Nan  is  still  occasionally  used  in  N.  Wilts. 

Any  more  than.    Add-— s.w. 
Apple-owling.    See  Howlers. 

Arg.     Add:-S.W. 

*Atter-COp.     Add  :•— Mr.  Willis  mentions  that  EdderJcop  is  still  in  use  in 

Denmark. 
Away  with.      Endure.     This  Biblical  expression  is  still  commonly  used  iu 

Wilts.     "  Her's  that  weak  her  can't  away  with  the  childern  at  no  rate  ! " 
BaCOn-and-EggS.     Linaria  vulgaris,  Mill.,  Yellow  Toadflax.    N.  &  S.W. 
*Badge.     v.     To  deal  in  corn,  etc.     See  Badger.  Obsolete. 

"1576.  Md.  that  I  take  order  of  the  Badgers  that  they  do  name  the 
places  where  the  Badgers  do  use  to  badge  before  they  resieve  their  lycens. 
.  .  .  .  Md.  to  make  pees  [process]  against  all  the  Badgers  that  doo 
badge  without  licence." — Extracts  from  Records  of  Wilts  Quarter  Sessions, 
Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xx.,  327. 

Bake.    See  Beak. 

Bams.  Add:— "The  old  man  ....  had  bams  on  his  legs  and  a  sack 
fastened  over  his  shoulders  like  a  shawl." — The  Story  of  Dick,  ch.  xii., 
p.  141. 

Bandy.    Add-.-s.w. 

Bannis.    Add-.— *Bramstickle    (Slow).  S.w. 

Barken.     Add: — Barton  was  formerly  in  very  common  use,  but  has  now 

been  displaced  by  Shed. 

Baskets.    Plan tago  lanceolata,  L.,  Ribwort  Plantain.  S.W.  (Little  Langford.) 
*BawSy,  Borsy,  or  Bozzy.     Coarse,  as  applied  to  the  fibre  of  cloth  or 

wool.     "  Bozzy-faced  cloth  hain't  good  enough  vor  I."  S.W.  (Steeple 

Ashton,  etc.) 
Baulk.      Add:— (2)   A  line  of  turf  dividing  a  field.      "The  strips   [in  a 

"common  field"]  are  marked  off  from  one  another,  not  by  hedge  or  wall, 
VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXX.  K 


126  Contributions  towards  a   Wiltshire  Glossary. 

but  by  a  simple  grass  path,  a  foot  or  so  wide,  which  they  call '  balks '  or 
'meres.'  "—Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xvii.,  294.  N.W. 

Beak.  (3)  After  "  near  Heytesbury,"  add  "  in  Norton  Bavant  parish.  In 
the  Deverills  parts  of  many  of  the  down  farms  are  known  as  the  Bake? 
or  more  commonly  the  Burn-bake." 

Bearsfoot.     Hellebore.  N.W.  (Huish,  etc.) 

Beetle.  (1)  Add:—"0n  another  [occasion]  (2nd  July,  25  Hen.  VIII.) 
.  ,  .  .  William  Seyman  was  surety  .  ,  .  .  for  the  re-delivery  of 
the  tools,  'cuncta  instrumenta  videlicet  Beetyll,  Ax,  Matock,  and  Showlys.'  " 
—Stray  Notes  from  the  Marlborough  Court  Books,  Wilts  Arch.  Mag., 
xix.,  78. 

Bird-batting.   Add-.— Bird-battenen  (Slow.)  S.w. 

Black-Bess.    See  Black-Bob. 

Black-Bob.     A  cockroach  (Slow).     Black-BeSS  on  Berks  border.     S.W. 
Blades.     The  shafts  of  a  waggon  (Slow).  S.W. 

Blinking.  Add  : — "  'Twas  a  little  one-eyed  blinking  sort  o'  place." — Tess 
of  the  I?  Urbervilles,  vol.  i.,  p.  10. 

Blood-alley.   Add  :-s.w. 

Bluen  or  Blooens.    Add  •.— N.  &  S.w. 

Bob.  Add  : — In  Canada  "  bob-sleds  "  are  used  for  drawing  logs  out  of  the 
woods. 

Bobbish.    Add-.-s.w. 

*Boreshore.     A  hurdle-stake  (Slow),  S.W.     P  A  corruption  of  Fold-shore. 

Bottle.    Add-.-s.w. 

Box  or  Hand-box.  The  lower  handle  of  a  long  sawyer's  pit-saw,  the 
upper  handle  being  the  Tiller.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard). 

*Bramstickle.    See  Bannis. 

Brandy-bottles.     Nuphar  lutea,  Sm.,  Yellow  Water-lily.   S.W.  (Mere,  etc.) 

Brevet,  Brivet,  Privet.     (1)     Add :—"  Brivet,  a  word  of  ten  applied  to 

children  when  they  wander  about  aimlessly  and  turn  over  things." — Leisure 

Sour,  Aug.,  1893.  N.W.  (Castle  Eaton,  etc.) 

*(2)     To  pilfer.      "If  she'll  brevet  one  thing,  she'll  brevet  another." 

N.W.  (Mildenhall.) 
BrOW.     Add :— Also  FroW,  easily  broken. 

Brushes.    Add :— S.w. 

Bunt.     (4)     After  "  person,"  add  "  as  a  nickname."  S.W. 

Burl.  Add  : — Still  used  in  S.  Wilts  of  trimming  up  cloth  and  felt,  removing 
the  knots  and  rough  places,  etc. 


By  G.  E.  Dartnett  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.        127 

*Butter- teeth.     The  two  upper  incisors.  N.W. 

Butty,     A  mate  or  companion  in  field-work.  N.  &  S.W. 

*Caa~vy  (PCalfy).     A  simpleton  (Slow).  S.W. 

Caddie.  Add:— (6).  v.  To  mess  about,  to  throw  into  disorder.  "Idon'fc 
hold  wi'  they  binders  [the  binding  machines],  they  do  caddie  the  wheat 
about  so."  N.  &  S.W. 

Caddling.     Add :— Meddlesome.  N.  &  S.W. 

Cag-inag.     Bad  or  very  inferior  meat.  N.  &  S.W. 

Cains-and-Abels.     Ayuilegia  vulgaris,  L.,  Columbine.        S.W.  (Farley). 

*Calf-white.    See  White. 

Call  home.     To  publish  the  banns  of  marriage.  S.W. 

"  They  tells  I  as  'ow  Bet  Stiugymir  is  gwain  to  be  caal'd  whoam  to  Jim 
Spritely  on  Zundy." — Slow. 

Canker-berries.    Add  -.— Conker-berries  (Slow).  S.W. 

*CappenC6.   The  swivel-joint  of  the  old-fashioned  flail.   Capel  in  Devon.  N.W. 

Cass'n.    Add-.— S.W. 

Cat's-ice.  White  ice,  ice  from  which  the  water  has  receded.   N.  &  S.W.  (Steeple 

Ashton,  etc.) 

"  They  stood  at  the  edge,  cracking  the  cat's-ice,  where  the  water  had 
shrunk  back  from  the  wheel  marks,  and  left  the  frozen  water  white  and 
brittle."— The  Story  of  Dick,  ch.  xiii.,  p.  153. 
*Cats'-paW8.    Catkins  of  willow  while  still  young  and  downy.  S.W.(DeverilL) 

Cawket.    Add-.— Cawk,  S.W.    Caa-kin  (Slow). 
Chain.    Add-.— s.w. 

Charm.     Add  :— Also  used  of  hounds  in  full  cry.  N.W. 

Add : — (3)    v.    To  make  a  loud  confused  noise,  as  a  number  of  birds,  etc., 

together.  N.  &  S.W. 

*Chemise.  Convolvulus  septum,!*.,  Great  Bindweed.  S.W.  (Little  Langford). 

This  name  was  given  us  as  Chemise,  but  would  probably  be  pronounced 

as  Shimmy. 

Chiddlins  or  Chiddlens.     Pigs'-chitterlings.  N.  &  S.W. 

Chilver-hog.  Add  : — "  The  word  hog  is  now  applied  to  any  animal  of  a 
year  old,  such  as  a  hog  bull,  a  chilver  hog  sheep.  '  Chilver '  is  a  good 
Anglo-Saxon  word,  '  cylfer,'  and  means  female,  so  a  chilver  hog  sheep 
simply  means,  in  the  dialect  of  the  Vale  of  Warminster,  a  female  lamb  a 
year  old."—  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xvii.,  303. 

Chitterlings.    Add  •.— Chiddlens.  N.  &  S.W. 


128  Contributions  towards  a    Wiltshire  Glossary. 

Christian  Names.  The  manner  in  which  a  few  of  these  are  pronounced 
may  here  be  noted  -.—Allburt,  Albert ;  Allfurd,  Alfred  ;  Charl  or  Okas, 
Charles ;  Etlierd,  Edward ;  RicVt  or  Bicket,  Eichard  ;  Robbut,  Robert ; 
etc. 

Clacker,     The  tongue  (Slow).  S.W. 

Clackers.     A  pair  of  pattens  (Slow).  S.W. 

ClaVJ.     Add :— An  architectural  term,  probably  from  Lat.  clavis. 
Clothes-brush.     Dipsacus  sylvestris,  L.,  Wild  Teasel.  S.W. 

Clout.     <1)     Add:-S.W. 

Add  :— (2)     v.    To  strike.  N.  &  S.W. 

*Clumper,  Clumber.    A  heavy  clod  of  earth.          N.W.  (Marlborough.) 
Clums.     Add  :-ClumpS  is  so  used  of  the  feet  in  S.W. 

*Cluster-of-five.     The  fist.     Cluster-a-vive  (Slow).  s.w. 

Clyders.     Gralium  Aparine,  L.,  Goosegrass.  S.W. 

*Coath.    Add :— s.w. 

*Cockagee,  Cockygee  (g  hard).  A  kind  of  small  hard  sour  cider  apple. 
Heard  at  Deverill,  S.W.  In  use  in  West  of  England. 

Cockles.    Seed-heads  of  Arctium  Lappa,  L.,  Burdock.   N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard). 

*Cod-apple.     A  wild  apple  (Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xiv.,  177). 

Comb.     Grease  from  an  axle-box,  soot,  dirt,  etc.     KoOlIlb  (Slow).       S.W. 

Come  of.  To  get  the  better  of,  to  grow  out  of.  "How  weak  that  child  is 
about  the  knees,  Sally  !"  "  Oh,  he'll  come  o'  that  all  right,  Miss,  as  he  do 
grow  bigger."  N.  &  S.W. 

Comical.     Add  :— S.W.  to  (1),  (2),  and  (3). 

Add  : — "  A  cow  he's  a  comical  thing  to  feed  ;  bin  he  don't  take  care  he's 
very  like  to  choke  hisself."  N.W.  (Marlborough.) 

It  should  be  noted  that  Marlborough  folk  are  traditionally  reputed  to  call 
everything  he  but  a  bull,  and  that  they  call  she  ! 

Corruptions.  Add: — Other  common  perversions  of  words  are  Patty  Carey, 
Hepatica ;  Chiny  Oysters,  China  Aster  ;  Turkemtime,  turpentine  ;  Absence, 
abscess  (Cherhill) ;  Abrupt,  to  approve  (Hutfch)  ;  Tiddle,  to  tickle ;  Cribble, 
a  cripple;  Strive  (of  a  tree),  to  thrive  (Steeple  Ashton)  ;  Hurly-gurly,  a 
hurdy-gurdy  (S.W.)  ;  Midger,  to  measure ;  Cherm,  to  churn  (Sloiv,  S.W.) ; 
Rumsey-voosey ,  to  rendezvous,  as  "  He  went  a  rumsy-voosing  down  the  lane 
to  meet  his  sweetheart  "  ;  Dapcheek,  a  dabchick. 

*  COW -baby.     A  childish  fellow,  a  simpleton  (Slow).  S.W. 

*Cow-white.    See  White. 

*Crandurn.    The  throat  (Slow).  s.w. 


By  &.  E.  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.    Goddard.         129 

Crazy.      Add:— In  Deverill  the  term  Craizies  is  restricted  to  the  Marsh 
Marigold. 

Crazy-Bets.    (1)    Add :— Crazy  Betsey  at  Little  Langford,  S.w. 

Mr.  Slow  says  it  is  applied  to  the  "  buttercup  "  in  S.W. 
Crazy-moir.     (1)     Ranunculus  repens,  L.,  Creeping  Buttercup.     More  or 

Mar=i-oot  or.  plant..  N.W.  (Devizes;  Huish.) 

(2)     At    Clyffe  Pypard,  N.W.,  and  probably  elsewhere,  Crazy-mar 

is  applied  to  a  plant  of  any  kind  of  buttercup. 
Crease.     A  ridge-tile.     "  From  the  top  of  Aland's  house   ....   a  slate 

ridge-crest  (or  crease,  as  it  is  provincially  termed)     ....    was  carried 

northwards  about  40  yards."— The  Great  Wiltshire  Storm,  Wilts  Arch. 

Mag.,  vol.  vi.,  p.  378. 
Creeping  Jenny.  (2)Lysimachia  ^wmw/aHa,L.,Moneywort.  N.  &  S.W. 

Crick-crack.    Add-.— s.w. 

Crink.     A  crevice  or  crack.  N.W. 

Critch.     A  deep  earthen  pan.     Also  used  in  Hants.     Fr.  cruche.  S.W. 

CrumplingS,  Crumplens.     Small  imperfectly  grown  apples.  N.W. 

Crowdy.    Add:— s.w. 

Crow-peck.     Add:— (2)     Ranunculus  arvensis,'L.,  Corn  Crowfoot.    N.W. 

(Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Cubby-hole.     -4^ :— Coopy-house,  a  little  house  (Slow).  S.W. 

*  Cur  die.     A  curl  of  hair  (Slow).  S.W. 

Cushions.    Add  •.— S.W. 

Cut-finger-leaf.     Valeriana,  L.,  All-heal.  N.W.  (Huish,  etc.) 

The  leaves  are  good  for  application  to  sluggish  sores,  whitlows,  etc.     Mr. 
Cunnington  quotes  it  as  V.  dioica. 

Daglet.    Add-.-S.w. 

*Dane.   Daner.     In  Kingston  Deverill  there  was  an  old  man  who  called 

red-haired  men  "  Danes,"  or  "  Daners,"  as  "  Thee  bist  a  Dane."     This  being 

in  the  centre  of  the  Alfred  district,  the  term  may  be  a  survival.     In  Somerset 

red-haired  men  are  often  said  to  be  "  a  bit  touched  with  the  Danes." 

Daudy-gOslingS.     Add  •.—  Dandy-goshen  is  used  at  Little  Langford, 

S.W. 

Dap.     (1)     v.     To  rebound,  as  a  ball.  N.  &  S.W. 

(2)  -  n.    The  rebound  of  a  ball.  N.  &  S.W. 

Dapster.     A  nimble  boy.  S.W.  (Deverill.) 

Dawk.     Add  : — Also  used  of  a  baker  marking  loaves  : — 
"  Prick  it  and  dack  it  and  mark  it  with  T, 
And  put  it  in  the  oven  for  baby  and  me." — Nursery  Song^. 


130  Contributions  towards  a  Wiltshire  Glossary. 

Deaf-nettle.     Lamium  album,  L.,  The  Dead  Nettle.  S.W. 

Deaf-Hut.     A  rotten  or  empty  nut.     Ztea/==useless5  inactive.  S.W. 

*Dee-gee.  Mr.  William  Cunnington  writes  us  as  follows : — "  '  Twas  a  Dee-gee ' 
was  the  name  of  a  kind  of  dance,  which  our  old  nurse  taught  us  as  children, 
mostly  performed  by  moving  sideways  and  knocking  the  feet  together." 
This  would  seem  to  "be  a  survival  of  the  Elizabethan  heydeguies.  See 
Spenser,  Shepherd's  Calendar,  June. 

DeviPs-ring.     Hulvet  is  a  misprint  for  Huloet. 

DeW-beater.     Add :— One  who  turns  out  his  toes  (Slow).  S.W. 

Dew-pond.    See  Mist-pond. 

Dibbs.    Add:— S.W. 

Dicky-birds.     Fumaria  officinalis,  L.,  Common  Fumitory.  S.W. 

Diggled.     Add:— *DiggleS,  plentiful  (Slow).  S.W. 

Dog,  llOW  beest  ?  This  phrase  seems  worth  noting.  At  Clyffe  Pypard 
a  person  complaining  of  loneliness,  or  the  want  of  sociability  or  kindness 
amongst  the  neighbours,  will  say,  "  There  isn't  one  as  '11  so  much  as  look 
in  and  say, '  Dog,  how  beest  P ' ' 

Dogged.   Add-.— s.w. 
Doner,   Add  •.— s.w. 

Doom.     Add: — Durn.     At   Warminster  applied  only   to  the  sides  of  a 

door-frame.  S.W. 

Double.     "  He  is  a  double  man,"  i.e.,  bent  double  with  age  or  infirmity.     S.W. 

Down-arg.    Add :— s.w. 

Down-dacioUS.  Audacious.  "  She  be  a  right  down-dacious  young 
faggot."  S.W. 

*Down-haggard.     Disconsolate  (Slow).  S.W. 

DoWSe.     Add :— S.W. 

Drashel.     Add : — S.W.     The  correct  term  for  a  flail  is  a  drashel,  but  "  a 

pair  o'  drashells  "  is  more  commonly  used.     of.  "  a  pair  of  trucks,"  a 

barred  hand-cart  on  two  wheels. 

*Drattle.  Much  talk  (Slow).  S.W. 

Draught.  A  cart-shaft  (Slow).  S.W. 

Drave.  "  I  be  slaving  an'  draving  for  he,  night  and  day."  N.  &  S.W. 

Drawn,  Drawing.  Add: — "Many  of  the  meadows  on  either  length  abound 

in  ditches  and  '  drawns.'  "—Fishing  Gazette,  18th  July,  1891,  p.  40,  col.  2. 
"I  ....  descried  three  birds,  standing  quite  still  by  the  margin  of 

a  flooded  '  drawing.'  "—Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxi.,  229. 


By  G.  E.  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.        131 

Drock.     *  (2)     Add  :-N.W.  (Castle  Eaton,  etc.) 

*  (3)  Omit  "probably  a  mistake,"  and  add :— N.W.  (Castle  Eaton,  etc.) 
*Dromedary.     (1)     Centaurea  nigra,  L.,  Black  Knapweed.     S.W.  (Bar- 
ford  St.  Martin.) 

(2)       Centaurea  Scabiosa,  L.,  Hardheads.      S.W.  (Barford  St.  Martin.) 

Dlickstone.     A  game  played  by  boys  with  stones.  S.W. 

EaSS,  sometimes  YeGS.     An  earthworm.  S.W. 

Eel-SCrade.  A  kind  of  eel-trap.  "  A  trap  used  to  catch  eels,  placed  near  a 
weir.  The  water  is  turned  into  the  scrade  when  high,  and  the  fish  washed 
up  to  a  stage  through  which  the  water  finds  an  outlet,  the  fish,  however, 
being  retained  on  the  platform  by  a  piece  of  sloping  iron." — F.  M.  Willis. 

Eel-sticher.  An  eel-spear.  "  Wishing  to  secure  [a  Little  Grebe]  in  summer 
plumage,  I  asked  the  old  '  drowner '  in  our  meadows  to  look  out  for  one  for 
me— and  this  he  very  soon  did,  fishing  one  out  from  under  the  water  between, 
the  spikes  of  his  eel-sticher,  as  it  was  diving  under  the  water." — Wilts  Arch. 
Mag.,  xxii.,  193. 

Elms.  Add : — About  Marlborough  usually  pronounced  as  Yelms,  but  at 
Clyffe  Pypard  there  is  not  the  slightest  sound  of  y  in  it.  Elsewhere  it  is 
frequently  pronounced  as  Ellums. 

En.    (i)    Add-.— Facen. 

(2)     Add :—  GlaSSGH.     "There's  some  volk  as  thinks  to  go  droo  life 
in  glassen  slippers." 

Boarden,  made  of  boards. 

*Falarie.  Disturbance,  excitement,  commotion.  "'Look'ee  here,  there' ve 
bin  a  fine  falarie  about  you,  Zur.'  He  meant  that  there  had  been  much 
excitement  when  it  was  found  that  Bevis  was  not  in  the  garden,  and  was 
nowhere  to  be  found." — Jefferies,  Wood  Magic,  ch.  2. 

Falling,  n.  A  downfall  of  snow.  "I  thinks  we  shall  have  some  vallen 
soon."  Only  used  of  snow.  N.  &  S.W. 

Falling-post.  The  front  upright  timber  of  a  gate.  Occasionally  heard  at 
Huish,  Head,  however,  being  the  more  usual  term  there.  N.W. 

Falsify.     Of  seeds,  young  trees,  etc.,  to  fail,  to  come  to  nought.  N.W. 

Fantag,  Fanteague,  etc.  n.  Fluster,  fuss.  (Slow.)  Also  used  of 
vagaries  or  larks,  as  "  Now,  none  o'  your  fantaigs  here ! "  At  Clyffe  Pypard, 
N.W.,  "  a  regular  fantaig  "  would  be  a  flighty  flirting  lad  or  girl,  a  "  wonder- 
menting  or  gammotty  sort  of  a  chap."  N.  &  S.W. 

Favour.  To  resemble  in  features,  etc.  "  He  doesn't  favour  you,  Sir  .  .  .  . 
He  is  his  mother's  boy."  N.  &  S.W* 


132  Contributions  towards  a   Wiltshire  Glossary. 

FeSS.     Add:— (2)     Proud,  stuck-up.  S.W. 

Fingers-and-Thumbs.     Blossoms  of  Ulex  Europaus,  L.,  Common  Furze 

(Slow).  S.W. 

Fitty.     In  good  health.     "  How  be  *ee  ?  "  "  Ter'ble  fitty."  N.W. 

*Flabber-gaster.    ».   idle  talk  (Slow).  s.w. 

Flake.     Add:-— "Flake"    hurdles  are  used  for  cattle,  the  ordinary  sheep 

hurdles  being  too  weak  for  the  purpose. 
Flamtag.     A  slatternly  woman.  N.W.  (Huish,  etc.) 

Flick,  Fleck,    (i)   Add-.-s.w. 

*  (2)    Add:—v.  To  flare  (Slow).  S.W. 

Flitmouse.     The  bat.  N.W.  (Marlborough.) 

Floppetty.     adj.    Of  a  woman,  untidy,  slatternly  in  dress  or  person.     S.W. 

Flucksey.     adj.     "  A  flucksey  old  hen,"  i.e.,  a  hen  who  makes  a  great  fuss 

over  her  chickens.  S.W.  (Bishopstrow,  etc.) 

Cope's  Hants  Glossary  has  : — "  FlucJcs,  to  peck  in  anger  like  a  hen." 

Flunk.    ^<ta -.— Vlonker  (Slow).  s.w. 

Fog,     v.    To  give  fodder  to  cattle.  N.  &  S.W. 

Fog  off.  To  damp  off,  as  cuttings  often  do  in  a  greenhouse.  N.W.  (Marl. 

borough.) 

Folly.  Occasionally  used  of  a  circular  plantation  of  trees  on  a  hill,  as  "  Harn- 
ham  Folly."  This  seems  distinct  from  its  more  general  use  as  applied  to 
a  tower  or  other  building.  S.W. 

Fore- eyed.     Fore-seeing,  apt  to  look  far  ahead.  S.W. 

Fore- Spur.     A  fore-leg  of  pork.  S.W. 

*Fodge  (rarely  Fadge).  In  packing  fleeces  of  wool,  when  the  quantity 
is  too  small  to  make  up  a  full  "  bag  "  of  240Bbs.,  the  ends  of  the  bag  are 
gathered  together  as  required,  and  the  sides  skewered  over  them,  thus 
forming  the  small  package  known  as  a  "  fodge."  N.W. 

FoSSel,  Foldsail.  Place  this  under  Foldsail,  and  add:— "A  fold 
stake,  locally  called  a  'fossle.'  "—  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxi.,  132.  The 
"  fossels "  means  the  fold-shores,  or  the  stakes  to  which  the  hurdles  are 
shored  up,  and  fastened  with  a  loose  twig  wreath  at  the  top." — Ibid,  xvii., 
304. 

Froar.     Add  •.— s.w. 

Fur.     This  should  be  struck  out,  as  being  general  English. 

Froughten.    Add :— s.w. 
Fuzz-ball.    A  dd :— s. w. 
Galley-crow. 


By   G.  E.   Dartnell  and  tie  Rev.  E.  II.    Goddard.         133 

*GallllS.     "  Ee's  a  gallus  chap,"  i.e^  plucky. 

Gaily.     Add  :— S.W.     Pret.  gallercd  is  also  used  in  S.W. 

Gambrel.    ^rf^-Gamel  (Slow).  S.W. 

Gam  el.    See  Gambrel. 
Gaminock.    See  Gannick. 

Gander-flanking.  To  go  off  larking  or  "  wondermenting."  Perhaps 
a  corruption  of  gallivanting.  S.W.  (Upton  Scudainore) 

Gandi-gOslillgS.     Add  •.— See  Candlegostes  in  Folk-Etymology. 

Gannick.    ^4c?<2:— Gammock  at  Marlborough. 

Garley-gut.     A  gluttonous  person. 

L' '  Let's  go  to  bed,'  says  Heavy-Head, 
'  Let's  bide  a  bit/  says  Sloth, 
*  Put  on  the  pot,'  says  Garley-gut, 
'  We'll  sup  afore  we  g'auf  "  [go  off], 

Nursery  Rhyme. 

Perhaps  from  gorle,  to  devour  eagerly.     Cf.  gorbelly,  gorell,  etc. — Smythe- 
Palmer. 

Gawney.    Add-.— S.W. 

Ghastly,  Gashly*>  Add:— The  word  is  used  in  many  ways,  as  "Thick 
hedge  wur  gashly  high,  but  it  be  ter'ble  improved  now."  N.W.  (Huish.) 

Giggley.    See  Goggley. 

Gin-and- Water  Market.  "Some  towns  have  only  what  is  called  a 
'  gin-and-water  '  market :  that  is,  the  '  deal '  is  begun  and  concluded  from 
small  samples  carried  in  the  pocket  and  examined  at  an  inn  over  a  glass  of 
spirits  and  water."— The  Toilers  of  the  Field,  p.  28. 

Gipsy -rose.     Scaliosa  atropurpurea,  L.,  the  Garden  Scabious.  N.W. 

*GloX.  Add  : — An  onomatopoeia,  like  the  synonymous  ILai.  glut-glut,  whence 
fflutio,  to  swallow. — Smy the- Palmer, 

Gllltcher.     The  throat.  N.  &  S.W. 

*Gnaa-pOSt»  A  simpleton  (Slow).    Perhaps  a  perversion  of  non  compos.  S.W. 

Gnaing.     To  mock,  to  insult.    Also  used  in  West  of  England  and  Sussex.  S.W. 

Go-now,  GenOW,  Good-noW.     Used  as  an  expletive,  or  an  address  to 

a  person.  "  What  do'ee  thenk  o'  that,  genow  ?  "   Also  used  in  Dorset.   S.W, 

Gob.     *(1)     n.     Much  chatter  (Slow).  S.W. 

(2)     v.    To  talk.  S.W. 


134.  Contributions  towards  a   Wiltshire  Glossary. 

Goggle.  Add  :— How  are  you  to-day,  Sally  p  »  «  Lor',  Zur  !  I  be  all  of  a 
goggle."  "  What  on  earth  do  you  mean  ?  "  "  Why,  I  be  zo  ter'ble  giggly, 
I  can't  scarce  kip  my  lags  nohow."  S.W.  (Steeple  Ashton.) 

Goggly.     Add:— sometimes  Giggly  is  used. 

Good-now.     See  GO-HOW.     Used  at  Downton,  etc. 

Goosey-gander.     A  game  played  by  children.  N.  &  S.W. 

Gramfer.    A  dd :— s. W. 
Grammer.    Add  •.— S.W. 

*Granny-jump-OUt-of-bed.  Aconitum  Napellus,  L.,  Monks-hood. 

S.W.  (Deverill.) 

*GrOpsing.  Add :—"  Both  came  unto  the  sayd  Tryvatt's  howse  in  the 
gropsing  of  the  yevening." — Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxii.,  227.  Obsolete. 

Ground-rest.     Add  :— This  was  part  of  the  old  wooden  plough. 

Grouty.  Of  the  sky,  thundery,  threatening  rain.  It  looks  "  ter'ble  grouty  '* 
in  summer  when  thunder- clouds  are  coming  up.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

G  ullet-hole,  A  large  drain-hole  through  a  hedge-bank  to  carry  off  water.  N.W. 

H.  It  should  be  noted  that  the  cockney  misuse  of  Sis  essentially  foreign  to 
our  dialect.  Formerly  it  was  the  rarest  thing  in  the  world  to  hear  a  true 
Wiltshire  rustic  make  such  a  slip,  though  the  townsfolk  were  by  no  means 
blameless  in  this  respect,  but  now  the  spread  of  education  and  the  increased 
facilities  of  communication  have  tainted  even  our  rural  speech  with  cockney- 
isms  and  slang  phrases. 

Hag-rod.     Add  :— *Haig-raig,  bewildered  (Slow).  S.W. 

Hain.  Add: — "  Three  acres  of  grass  ....  to  be  hayned  by  the  farmer 
at  Candlemas  and  carried  by  the  Vicar  at  Lammas." — Hilmarton  Parish 
Terrier,  1704. 

Hakker.   Add-.-S.w. 
Hand-box.    See  Box. 

Hand-staff.     The  part  of  the  "  drashell "  which  is  held  in  the  hand. 

Hang-gallows.    Add  •.— s.w. 
Haines.    Add-.— S.W. 

*Hank.     Dealings  with  (Slow).  S.W. 

Hanging-post.  The  hinder  upright  timber  of  a  gate,  by  which  it  is  hung 
to  its  post.  Frequently  heard,  although  Har  is  much  more  commonly 
used.  N.W.  (Huish). 

Har.  The  hinder  upright  timber  of  a  gate,  by  which  it  is  hung  to  its  post. 
Icelandic,  hjarri,  O.E.,  herre,  the  hinge  of  a  door.  See  Head  and 
Hangillg-pOSt.  "We  wants  some  rnoro  heads  and  bars  cut  out." 


By  G.  E.  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Godrlard.         135 

Carpenters  about  Marlborough  usually  reduce  the  word  to  a  single  letter  in 

making  up  their  accounts,  as  : — "  To  a  new  R  to  Cow-lease  gate,  etc."    N.W. 

(Marlborough  ;  Huish  ;  Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Hatch.     (3)     Add  (after  "  door  ")  : — over  which  you  must  step  to  enter. 
Hay-llOme.     "  It  was  the  last  day  of  the  hay -harvest— it  was  '  hay-home  ' 

that  night."— R.  Jefferies,  A  True  Tale  of  the  Wiltshire  Labourer. 
Hay-making1.     Add  : — Roller  is  pronounced  as  if  it  rhymed  with  collar. 

Hay  is  "  put  in  rollers,"  or  '*  rollered  up." 

*He-body.     A  woman  of  masculine  appearance.  S.W.  (Deverill.) 

He-WOman.     The  same  as  He-body.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard,  etc.) 

Head.      The  front  upright  timber  of  a  gate.       See  Ear  and  Falling- 

pOSt.  N.W.  (Marlborough  ;  Huish  ;  Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Heartless.     "  A   heartless   day "   is   a   wet   day  with  a  strong  south-west 

wind.  S.W. 

Heater  (pronounced  Setter}.    A  flat-iron.  N.  &  S.W. 
Helyer.     A  tiler.     An  old  word,  but  still  in  use. 

Here  and  there  one.     "  I  wur  mortal  bad  all  the  way  [by  sea]  and  as 

sick  as  here  and  there  one."  N.  &  S.W. 

Here-right.     Add  •.— This  very  spot  (Slow).  S.W. 

Hike  off.    Add-.-s.w. 

Hit.  v.  To  pour  out  or  throw  out.  "  You  ought  to  het  a  quart  o'  drenk  inta 
'ee."  "  Hit  it  out  on  the  garden  patch."  N.W. 

Hodmedod.     A  snail.  N.W.  (Mildenhall.) 

Hog.  (2)  Add  : — "  We  have  wether  hogs,  and  chilver  hogs,  and  shear  hogs 
.  .  .  .  the  word  hog  is  now  applied  to  any  animal  of  a  year  old,  such 
as  a  hog  bull,  a  chilver  hog  sheep." — Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xvii.,  303. 

"  1580     ....     Una  ovis    vocata   a  hogge." — Scrope's  History  of 
Castle  Combe. 

HogO.  (Fr.  haut  gout).  A  bad  smell  (Monthly  Mag.,  1814).  Still  fre- 
quently used  of  tainted  meat  or  strong  cheese.  N.  &  S.W. 

Home,  to  be  Called.     To  have  the  banns  of  marriage  published.       S.W. 
Hook.     Of  a  bull,  to  gore.  N.  &  S.W. 

Hookland.     Add : — Sometimes  defined  as  "  land  tilled  every  year." 

Horse-stinger.    Add  -.— s.w. 

*HorseVleg  (Hase's-laig).     A  bassoon.  S.W. 

Houssett,  Add :— Mr.  F.  M.  Willis  points  out  that  Swedish  husera  and 
Germ,  hausen  both  have  "to  make  a  noise  "  among  their  meanings.  See 
article  on  The  Wooset  in  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vol.  i.,  p.  88. 


136  Contributions  towards  a    Wiltshire   Glossary. 

Howlers.    See  Owlers. 

Hud.     (1)     Add :— The  skin  of  a  gooseberry,  the  shell  of  a  pea  or  bean,  etc. 

N.  &  S.W. 

(3)    ^^:-Aiso  Huddick. 
Hullocky.    Add :— s.w. 

Humstl'Um.  A  home-made  fiddle  (Slow).  Sometimes  applied  also  to  a 
large  kind  of  Jew's-harp.  S.W. 

Bunch  about.     To  push  or  shove  about.  S.W. 

Hurdle-footedo    Club-footed.  s.w. 

Hurkle.  To  crowd  together.  An  old  form  of  hurtle.  "  Hurtelyn,  as  too 
thyngys  togedur  (al.  hurcolyn,  hurchyn  togeder).  Impingo,  collido." — 
Prompt  Parv.,  c.  1440  (Smy  the- Palmer}. 

In-a-doors.  No  one  in  Wilts  is  ever  to  be  found  "  in  doors."  The  expression 
used  is  invariably  "in-a-doors." 

*Ivors.     Hanging  woods  (Slow).  S.W. 

There  would  appear  to  be  some  misunderstanding  here.     The  word  may 

may  refer  to  the  coverts  on  the  hillside  above  Longbridge  Deverill,  which 

are  known  as   The  Ivors,  the   farm  below  being  Long  Ivor  Farm.     At 

Wroughton  a  field  is  called  "  The  Ivory"  but  this  is  perhaps  a  family  name. 

Iron  Pear.  Pyrus  Aria,  L.,  White  Beam.  N.W.  (Heddington,  etc.) 

Iron-Pear-Tree  Farm,  near  Devizes,  is  said  to  take  its  name  from  this  tree. 

Izzard.     The  letter  Z.     Still  in  use  in  S.W. 

*Jack.     A  newt.  N.W.  (Swindon.) 

*Jiffle.  At  Bishopston,  N.  Wilts,  an  old  bell-ringer  was  recently  heard  to 
accuse  the  younger  men  of  having  got  into  a  regular  "  jiffle  "  (?  confusion) 
while  ringing.  We  have  not  met  with  the  word  elsewhere,  but  Hal.  and 
Wright  have  jiffle,  to  be  restless,  var.  dial.,  an&jirble,  to  jumble,  Nhumb. 

Jiggery-poke.    Add  •.— Jiggery-pokery.  Unfair  dealing.  N.  &  S.w. 

Jigget.      v.      To  ride  or  walk  at   a  jog-trot.     "  Here  we  go  a  jiggettin' 

along."  N.  &  S.W. 

Jiggetty.     (1)     Shaky.     "  This  be  a  ter'ble  jiggetty  train."  N.W. 

*(2)     Fidgetty  (Slow).  S.W. 

Jimmy.    Add :— S.W. 

Johnny  Chider.     Add  :— Jan  Chider  (Slow).  S.W. 

Jumping  Jesuses.     The   long-legged  water  flies  which  skim  along  the 

surface  of  streams.  N.W.  (Hilmartou). 

*Jut.     To  nudge.  S.W. 

Keeker.    Add  :-s.w. 


By  G.  E.  Darlnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.         137 

Kitty  Candlestick.     Ignis  fatuus,  Will-o'-the-Wisp.        S.W.  (Deverill.) 

Knap.     Add  :— (2)     n.     A  little  hill,  a  steep  ascent  in  a  road.     This  is  really 

a  Devon  use.  S.W.  (Dorset  bord.) 

Knit.     Of  fruit,  to  set.     "  The  gooseberries  be  knitted  a'ready."  N.W.  (Clyffe 

Pypard.) 
Knitch.       (2)     Add  :— Compare  "  He's  got  his  market-nitch."— Tess  of  the 

D'Urbervilles,  vol.  i.,  p.  19. 

LadieS-and-Gentlemen.  Arum  maculatum,  L.,  Cuckoo-pint.  N.&S.W. 
LadyVFinger.     (2)     Arum  maculatum,  L.,  Cuckoo-pint.     S.W.  (Barford 

St.  Martin.) 

*Lady's-Glove.     "  The  Greater  Bird's-foot."  S.W. 

Lady's-Shoe.     Fumaria  officinalis,  L.,  Common  Fumitory.    S.W.  (Barford 

St.  Martin.) 

*Latter  Lammas.    Unpunctual  (Slow).  s.w. 

Lane  (a  broad).  A  strip  of  grass,  generally  irregular,  bounding  an  arable 
field.  N.W.  (Devizes.) 

Lanshet.    See  Linch. 

Lay.  (4)  Add: — Davis's  lain  is  probably  a  contraction  of  lay  in.  At 
Mildenhall  you  often  hear  of  laying  or  laying  in  a  pickaxe,  and  the  word 
is  to  be  traced  back  for  a  century  or  more  in  the  parish  accounts  there.  N.W. 

Learn.  To  teach.  "  I'll  learn  'ee  to  do  that  ageau,  you  young  vaggot !  "  In 
general  use  in  this  county.  N.  &  S.W. 

Libbet.    Add-.- s.w. 

Limbers.     The  shafts  of  a  waggon.  Mid.  &  S.W. 

Linch.     Add  :— Lanshet  (N.W.),  and  Lytchet  (S.W.),  are  variants  of 

this  word. 

"  Another  British  coin,  found  on  the  '  lytchets  '  at  East  Dean,  has  passed 

into  the  cabinet  of  Dr.  Blackmore." — Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxii.,  242.     For 

articles  on  Lynchet,  Linchet,  or  Linch,  see  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xii.,  185,  and 

xv.,  88.    Also  articles  and  letters  in  Marlborough  College  Natural  History 

Report  and  Marlborough  Times,  1892. 
Lollop.     (2)  Add:—8.W. 

Lolloper.     A  lazy  lout.  N.  &  S.W. 

Long  wood.     The  long  branches  which  are  bent  down  and  used  to  weave  in 

and  bind  a  hedge  when  it  is  being  laid.  N.W. 

Longful.    Add-.-S.W. 

Loppetty.     Weak,  out  of  sorts.  N.W. 

*  Lot  tie.      v.     To  sound  as   water   trickling   in  a    small  stream  (Mr.  W. 

Cunnington)  N.W. 


138 


Contributions  towards  a    Wiltshire   Glossary. 


Luce.     (1)     Luke-warm.  S.W. 

*(2)     A  sore  in  sheep.  S.W. 

Lug.     (2)     Add  :— 

"  Olde  Freeman  doe  weare  ruggs  [coarse  cloth], 
And  Thomas  Lord  doe  goe  to  the  woods  to  steal  poles  and  luggs." 

Seventeenth  century  doggrell  rhymes  from  Wroughton, 
•     quoted  in  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxii.,  216. 

Lug- WOod.     Lops  and  tops  of  trees,  S.W. 

Lumper.     Of  a  pony,  to  stumble.  N.W.  (Pewsey.) 

Omit  *,  and  add :— S.W. 
Lump  Work.     Piece  work,  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Lytchet.    See  Linch. 

Mace.  "  This  is  a  style  still  used  by  the  lower  classes  in  North  Wiltshire  to 
tradesmen  and  sons  of  farmers.  Thus  at  Ogbourne  St.  George,  a  brick  maker 
whose  name  is  Davis,  is  called  'Mace  Davis,'  and  sons  of  farmers  are 
called  '  Mace  John,'  or  '  Mace  Thomas,'  the  surname  being  sometimes 
added  and  sometimes  not."—  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  i.  338. 

This  seems  a  misapprehension.  The  word  used  is  simply  Mais'  (before 
a  consonant),  a  shortened  form  of  "  Maister."  "  Mais'  John  "  is  short  for 
Maister  John.  Before  a  vowel  it  would  be  Mais' r  or  Maistr1 — as  "  Maistr' 
Etherd"  [Edward]. 

Madell  (a  broad),  Medal,  etc.  The  game  of  "  Merrills  "  or  "  Nine  Men's 
Morris."  Also  known  as  Puzzle-Pound.  Several  varieties  of  Madell 
are  played  in  Wilts,  known  respectively  as  Eleven-penny  (strictly 

The  Merrills),  Nine-penny,  Six-penny,  and  Three- 
penny, according  to  the  number  of  pieces  used.  "  Eleven-penny  "  is 
played  with  eleven  pieces  each  side,  instead  of  nine,  the  game  being  in  other 
respects  identical  with  "  Nine  Men's  Morris  "  as  described  in  Strutt's  Sports 
and  Pastimes.  The  players  move  alternately,  and  the  general  principle  is 


Nine  Men's  Morris, 
or  Eleven.permy  Madell. 


Nine-penny  Madell, 
or,  The  Merrills. 

By  G.  E.  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard,        139 


Six-penny  Madell. 


Three-penny  Madell. 


to  get  three  pieces  together  in  a  line  anywhere  on  the  dots  or  holes,  while  at 
the  same  time  preventing  your  adversary  from  making  a  line.  "  Nine- 
penny,"  "  Sixpenny,"  and  "  Three-penny  "  differ  only  in  the  number  of 
men  each  side  and  the  form  of  the  board  (see  diagrams) .  The  "  board  "  is 
scratched  or  chalked  out  on  paving-stones,  drawn  on  the  slate,  cut  deep  into 
the  turf  on  the  downs  or  the  top  of  the  corn-bin  (with  holes  instead  of  dots), 
in  short,  made  anywhere  and  anyhow.  The  "  men  "  or  "  pieces  "  may  be 
anything  available,  sticks  being  played  against  stones,  beans  against  oats, 
etc.  N.  &  S.W.  (Devizes,  etc.) 


*Maggottillg.     Meddling  (Slow). 
Maggotty.     Add:— S.W. 

*Mammoek.     t>.    To  pull  to  pieces. 


S.W. 

(Leisure   Hour,  August,  1893). 
N.W.  (Castle  Eaton,  etc.) 
0,  I  warrant,  how  he  mammocked 


"  He  did  so  set  his  teeth  and  tear  it 
it !  " — Shakespeare,  Coriolanus,  i.,  3. 

Mar,  More.    Add:— s.w. 

Occasionally  Moir  in  N.  Wilts,  as  in  Oazy-moir. 

Mealy.  Add  \ — An  interesting  word,  akin  to  Prov.  Germ.  Mollig,  Mulig, 
Fries.  Mollig,  soft,  Prov.  Eug.  melsh,  soft  and  mild  (of  the  weather), 
mellow,  Lat.  Mollis,  etc. ;  and  so  explaining  "mealy-mouthed." — Smythe- 
P  aimer. 

Meggy.    Add :— Meg.  s.w. 

Mere.     A  boundary  line  or  bank  of  turf.  N.  &  S.W. 

A  turf  boundary  between  the  downs  on  adjoining  farms  :  formed  by 
cutting  two  thick  turves,  one  smaller  than  the  other,  and  placing  them, 
upside  down,  with  the  smaller  one  on  top,  at  intervals  of  about  a  chain  along 
the  boundary  line.  N.W.  (Devizes.) 

"  The  strips  [in  a  '  common  field  ']  are  marked  off  from  one  another, 
not  by  hedge  or  wall,  but  by  a  simple  grass  path,  a  foot  or  so  wide,  which 
they  call  '  balks  '  or  '  meres/  "—Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xvii.,  294. 

"  Two  acres  of  arable,  of  large  measure,  in  Pen  field,  lying  together  and 
bounded  by  meres  on  both  sides." — Hilmarton  Parish  Terrier,  dated  1704. 

"  Mere  stones  "  often  mark  the  boundaries  of  holdings  or  properties. 


140  Contributions  towards  a   Will  shire   Glossary. 

Messenger.  A  sunbeam  reaching  down  to  the  horizon  from  behind  a  cloud 
is  sometimes  said  to  be  the  sun  "  sending  out  a  messenger."  Cf.  Cope's 
Hants  Glossary. 

Mickle.    Add-.— s.w. 

Milkmaids.  Add : — In  common  use  in  Hill  Deverill  and  Longbridge 
Deverill. 

Mist-pond.     A  pond  on  the  downs,  not  fed  by  any  spring,  but  kept  up  by 

mist,  dew,  and  rain.     Such  ponds  rarely  fail,  even  in  the  longest  drought. 

More  commonly  called  Dew-ponds.  S.W.  (Broadchalke,  etc,) 

MlZ-maze.     Puzzle,  perplexity,  confusion.  S.W. 

Miz-mazed.     Thoroughly  puzzled,  stupified.  S.W. 

Mizzy-mazey.     Confused.     Used  of  print  swimming  before  the  eyes.  S.W. 

Monkey-musk.     Add :— S.W. 

Moucher,    Moocher.      Add-.— (3)     Moochers,    fruit  of  Rubus 

fruticosus,  L.,  Blackberry.  S.W. 

Berry-mouchers,  q.v.,  in  N.W. 

Mote,  Maute.     Add:—S.W.  (formerly). 

Mound.  (2)  Add:— The  Churchyard  ....  to  be  mounded  partly  by 
the  manor,  partly  by  the  parish  and  parsonage  except  only  one  gate  to  be 
maintained  by  the  vicar  "  : — 1704.  Hilmarton  Parish  Terrier. 

Mouthy,     adj.     Abusive,  cheeky,  impudent.  S.W. 

*Mucker.     A  miserly  person  (Slow).  S.W. 
Muggle.     (1)     Add:— S.W. 

Add:— (2)     v.     To  live  in  a  muddling  haphazard  way.  N.W. 

Cf.:—"  Most  on  us  'ad  a  precious  sight  rather  work  for  a  faermer  like 
the  old  measter,  an'  have  our  Saturday  night  reg'lar,  than  go  muggling  the 
best  way  we  could,  an'  take  our  chance." — Jonathan  Merle,  xxxvii.,  412. 

Muggle-pin.     The  pin  in  the  centre  of  a  want-trap.  S.W. 

Muddle-fuSS.    A  persistent  meddler  with  other  people's  affairs.    N.W.  (Steeple 

Ashton.) 

*Naked  Nanny.  Colchicum  autumnale,  L.,  Meadow  Saffron.  See 
Naked  Boys.  S.W.  (Deverill.) 

Narration.    Add-.— Also  Norration.  s.w. 

*Naumpey.     A  weak  foolish -minded  person.  N.W. 

Nessel-tripe,  Nessel-trip,  NuSSel-trip.     The  smallest  and  weakest 

pig  in  a  litter.     Commonly  used  in  the  Deverills  and  elsewhere.  S.W. 
Neust  alike,      This  should  be  denned  as  "nearly  alike." 


By  G.  E.  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  K  H.   Goddard.        141 

Nine-holes.     Add -.— This  is  mentioned  among  the  "  illegal  games  "  in  the 

Castle  Combe  records.—  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  iii.,  156.       "  1576.     Lusum 

illicitum  vocatum  nyne  holes." — Scrapes  History  of  Castle  Combe. 

Nineter.     Add:— *(2)     A  skin-flint  (Slow).  S.W. 

Nit.     Add  :— S.W.     Slow  defines  Neet  as  "  not  yet."    It  is  more  often  "  nor 

yet." 

Noodle  along1.     To  lounge  aimlessly  along,  to  move  drowsily  and  heavily, 

as  a  very  spiritless  horse.  N.W. 

Nut.     The  nave  of  a  wheel.  S.W. 

Nyst,  Niest.     Often  used  in  Mid  Wilts  in  same  way  as  neust,  as  "I  be 

nyst  done  up,"  i.e.,  over  tired.     (Mr.  W.  Cunnington.) 

Oaves.     (2)     Add:— "A  good  old  form.     Mid.  Eng.  ovese  (Old  English 

Miscellany,  E.  E.  T.  S.,  p.  15,  1.  465),=0.  H.  Ger.  opasa  (Vocabulary  of 

8.  Gall.y—Smythe-Palmer.  S.W. 

Of.     With.     "  You  just  come  along  o'  I !  "  N.  &  S.W. 

Offer.     "  To  offer  to  do  a  thing,"  to  make  as  though  you  were  going  to  do  it, 

or  to  begin  to  do  it.     "  He  offered  to  hit  I,"  i.e.,  did  not  say  he  would,  but 

put  up  his  fists  and  let  out.  N.W. 

Owling.    Add  : — "  Howlers.  Boys  who  in  former  times  went  round  wassailing 

the  orchards." — Parish,  Sussex  Glossary. 

"The  wenches  with  their  wassail  bowls 
About  the  streets  are  singing; 

The  boys  are  come  to  catch  the  owls." — G-.  Wither. 
The  "  owls  "  here  would  seem  to  be  the  apples  which  were  thrown  about 
the  hall  at  Christmas,  to  be  scrambled  for. 

"  If  the  suggestion  that  owfo=apples  is  well-grounded,  a  connection  might 
be  traced  with  the  Celtic  words  for  apple  very  similarly  pronounced,  viz. : 
Irish  uball,  aball,  Corn,  auallen,  Old  Welsh  aballen." — Smy  the- Palmer. 

Pank.    Add-.-S.W. 

Panshardo     "  In  a  panshard,"  out  of  temper,  in  a  rage.  S.W. 

Also  used  in  the  New  Forest.  "  Cf.  '  in  a  pankin,'  in  a  violent  passion  : 
Yorks.  Perhaps  connected  with  panic,  to  pant,  or  breathe  hard." — Smythe- 
Palmer. 

*ParaSol.     Sanguisorbaofficinalis,  L.,  Salad  Burnet.  S.W.  (Little  Langford.) 

Parson.     In  carting  dung  about  the  fields,  the  heaps  are  shot  down  in  lines, 

and  are  all  of  much  the  same  size.     Sometimes,  however,  the  cart  tips  up  a 

little  too  much,  with  the  result  that  the  whole  cartload  is  shot  out  into  a 

large  heap.     This  is  known  as  a  "  Parson."  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Peaked.    Add  :-S.W. 
Peart.    (1)    Add-.-s.w. 

VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXX.  L 


142  Contributions  towards  a    Wiltshire   Glossary. 

*Pecker.     The  nose  (Slow).  S.W. 

Pelt.     A  passion.     Add:— S.W. 

*Perseen.     To  pretend  to  (Slow).  S.W. 

*  Peter-man.  "  At  Kington  Langley  ....  the  revel  of  the  village 
was  kept  on  the  Sunday  following  St.  Peter's  Day  (29th  June),  on  which 
occasions  a  temporary  officer  called  '  the  Peter-man  '  used  to  be  appointed, 
bearing  the  office,  it  may  be  presumed,  of  master  of  the  sports." — Wilts 
Arch.  Mag.,  xxiv.,  83.  See  Jackson's  Aubrey,  p.  11.  Obsolete. 

Picked.    (2)    Add-.— S.W. 

Pickpocket.     Add:— S.W.  (Mere.) 

Pigeon-pair.     When  a  woman  has  only  two  children,  a  boy  and  a  girl,  they 

are  called  a  "  pigeon-pair."  N.  &  S.W. 

"  So  in  the  North  of  England  '  a  dow's  cleckin,'  i.e.,  a  dove's  clutch,  is 

used  of  two  children." — Smy  the- Palmer. 
Pig  meat.     The  flesh  of  the  pig  in  Wilts,  is,  if  fresh,  "  pig  meat ; "  it  is  never 

"pork"  unless  the  animal  is  specially  killed  as  a  "little  porker." 
*Pig-muddle.     Disorder,  mess.  N.W. 

Pit-hole.     Add  :— "They  lies,  the  two  on  'em,  the  fourth  and  fifth  i' the 

second  row,  for  I  dug  pit-holes  for  'em."  —  The  Story  of  Dick,  vi.,  66.     N. 

&S.W. 
Pitch.     (7)     Add :— Still  in  use  in  N.  Wilts. 

Plan.     "  In  a  poor  plan,"  unwell,  in  a  poor  way,  etc.  N.W.  (Seend.) 

Plash.    Add:— N.W. 

PleaclierS.     Live  boughs  woven  into  a  hedge  in  laying.  S.W. 

Plim.  Add: — (2)  Many  years  ago,  near  Wootton  Bassett,  old  Captain 
Goddard  spoke  to  a  farmer  about  a  dangerous  bull,  which  had  just  attacked 
a  young  man.  The  farmer's  reply  was: — "If  he  hadn't  a  bin  a plimmin' 
an'  vertiri  wi'  his  stick  — so  fashion — (i.e.,  flourishing  his  stick  about  in  the 
bull's  face,)  the  bull  wouldn't  ha'  run  at  un."  No  further  explanation  of 
these  two  words  appears  to  be  forthcoming  at  present. 

Plough.  (1)  Add: — "The  team  of  oxen  that  drew  the  plough  came  to  be 
called  the  plough,  and  in  some  parts  of  South  Wilts  they  still  call  even  a 
waggon  and  horses  a  plough.  This  is  needful  for  you  to  know,  in  case  your 
man  should  some  day  tell  you  that  the  plough  is  gone  for  coal." — Wilts 
Arch.  Mag.,  xvii.,  303. 

Add:— (2)  For  the  various  parts  of  the  old  wooden  plough  see  as  fol- 
lows : — "  I  should  like  to  hear  a  Wiltshire  boy  who  had  been  three  years  at 
plough  or  sheep  fold,  cross-examine  one  of  Her  Majesty's  Inspectors  of 
Schools,  and  ask  him,  in  the  article  of  a  plough,  to  be  so  good  as  to  explain 


By   G.  E.    Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.         143 

the  difference  between  the  vore- shoot  and  back-shoot,  the  ground  rest,  the 
bread  board,  the  drail,  the  wing  and  point,  and  the  whippence." — Wilts 
Arch.  Mag.,  xvii.,  303. 

Plurals.     (1)     The  old  termination  in  en  is  still  much  used,  as  Housen, 
Hips  en,  etc.     See  En.   (1) 

(2)  Plurals  in  es  are  very  commonly  used,  as  beastes,ghostes,  nestes, pastes. 
Very  often  a  reduplication  takes  place,  as  beastises.  ghostises,  etc.  N.  &  S.W. 

(3)  Plurals  are  used  sometimes  instead  of  singulars.    Examples  : — "Nows 
and  thens,"   "A  little  ways,"  "You'll  find  uu  a  little  ways  furder  on,"  etc. 
"  These  should  rather  be  considered  as  an  adverbial  use  of  the  genitive,  like 
ahvays,  now-a-days,  needs,  whiles,  etc." — Smy  the- Palmer. 

(4)  Plant-names  are  usually  plural,  even  when  only  a  single  blossom  is 
spoken   of,  as,  "What  is  that  flower  in   your  hand?"     "That's   Robins 
(Poppies,  Night-caps,  Cuckoos,  etc.,  as  the  case  may  be)."  N.  &  S.W. 

*Podge.     Anything  very  thick  and  sticky.     Cf.  Stodge. 

Polly,     A  pollard  tree.  S.W. 

A   Wiltshire  man,  on  being  told  by  the  hospital  surgeon  that  his  arms 

would  have  to  be  amputated,  exclaimed,  "  Be  I  to  be  shrowded  like  a  polly  ?  " 

Popple-Stone.     A  pebble  (Slow).  S.W. 

PotS- and- Kettles.     Fruit  of  Buxus  sempervirens,  L.,  Box.      S.W.  (Bar- 
ford  St.  Martin.) 
Pot-walloper.     After  Wootton  Bassett  insert  Hindon. 

Preterites.    Add-.— crope,  crept;  brung,  brought. 
Privet.    See  Brevet. 

Pronged.     A  scythe-blade  with  a  small  flaw  in  the  edge,  which  may  develop 

into  a  serious  crack,  is  said  to  be  "  pronged."  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Proof.     Add  : — A  thriving  tree  is  said  to  be  "in  good  proof."     S.W.  (Steeple 

Ashton.) 
Proofey.     Stimulating,  fattening. 

"  The  Monkton  pastures  used  to  be  of  good  note  in  Smithfield,  from  the 
very  feel  of  the  beasts.  There  are  no  more  '  proof ey'  fatting  grounds  in 
Wilts."—  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vi.,  29. 

*Pud-beggar,   Pudbaiger.     The  Water  Spider  (Slow).  S.W. 

A  very  interesting  word.     Q.^i.padda,  a  toad,  paddock,  Dev.  and  East 

Anglia.     O.E.  pode,  tadpole,  Icelandic  padda,  used  of  any  beetles  or  insects 

that  inhabit  stagnant  water. —  Smy  the- Palmer. 

Pussy-Cats.     Hazel  catkins.  N.  &  S.W. 

Puzzivent.    Add-.— Pussyvan.  (Slow).  S.W. 

Puzzle-pound.     The  game  of  Mad  ell,  q.v.     S.W.  (Loiigbridge  Deverill, 

etc.) 

Quar.    Add-.-S.W. 

L    2 


144  Contributions  towards  a    Wiltshire  Glossary. 

* Qliean.  "The  Saxon  word  quean,  woman,  is  still  used  without  any  ob- 
jectionable meaning,  but  its  use  is  rare." — Leisure  Hour,  Aug.,  1893.  N.W. 

(Castle  Eaton.) 

Qlliddle.     (1)     n.     A  fussy  person  ;    one  hard  to  satisfy  in  trifling  matters 

of  diet,  etc.  S.W. 

(2)     n.     To  make  a  fuss  over  trifles.  S.W. 

*Quiet  Neighbours.     Centranthus  ruber,  D.C.,  Red  Spur  Valerian.    S.W. 

(Longbridge  Deverill.) 

Quiff.  Add: — "Mr.  F.  J.  Kennedy,  secretary  of  the  Belfast  Angling 
Association  .  .  .  .  '  worked  a  quiff,'  to  use  a  slang  phrase,  on  a  well- 
known  Lagan  poacher."—  Fishing  Gazette,  20th  Aug.,  1892,  p.  154. 

Quill.  Add:— See  note  in  Folk-Etymology,  p.  310.  To  "Quill  a  person  " 
in  the  language  in  use  at  Winchester  College  is  to  please,  or  humour  him. 
This  is  very  near  the  Wilts  use. 

Quilt.  (1)  Add: — This  is  used  of  swallowing  in  the  natural  way,  while 
glutch  is  to  swallow  with  difficulty.  (C.) 

Quirk.  Add: — To  grunt  (Slow).  A  frog  often  quirks,  and  a  toad  some- 
times. S.W. 

Quob.  Add:— W.  of  Eng.  quob,  a  bog ;  quob-mire,  Salop ;  O.E.  quave,  to 
shake. 

Randy.     (1)    Add  : — A  woman  who  used  to  be  a  regular  attendant  at  all  the 
tea-meetings  and  other  gatherings  of  the  kind  in  her  neighbourhood  in  N. 
Wilts  was  usually  spoken  of  as  being  ''  a  randy  sorto'  a  'ooman" — randy 
apparently  being  there  applied  to  such  gatherings. 
Add:— S.W.  to  both  (1)  and  (2). 

Ramp.     A  curve.  S.W. 

Rapid.  "  A  rapid  pain,"  "  rapid  weather,"  i.e.,  very  violent.  Always  so  used 
at  Clyffe  Pypard.  "  This  may  be  compared  with  the  Latin  use  of  rapidus. 
Cf.  Virgil's  rapidus  oestus  (Bucol.  ii.,  10),  and  rapidus  sol  (Georg.  ii.,  321), 
—strong,  violent." — Smy the- Palmer.  N.W. 

*Rattle-basket.  Erica  cinerea  P  Heath.  Heard  only  from  one  person.  S.W. 

(Deverill.) 

Raves.    Add-.-s.w. 

Hed-Robins.     Lychnis  diurna,  Sibth.,  Red  Campion.  N.  &  S.W. 

Reed.  Unthreshed  and  unbroken  straw  reserved  for  thatching.  A  Somerset 
and  Devon  word.  "  Reed  "  is  seldom  used  in  Wilts,  where  ordinary  threshed 
straw,  made  up  into  elms,  is  the  common  material.  S.W. 

Revel.  Add  : — There  was  a  revel  held  at  Cley  Hill  formerly,  on  Palm  Sunday, 
and  one  at  Kington  Langley  on  the  Sunday  following  St.  Peter's  Day. 


By  G.  E.  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.        145 

Ehaa.     Hungry,  ravenous.     See  Rhan.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard,  rarely.) 

Rhan  (pronounced  Khaan).     To  eat  voraciously.     A  f orm  of  raven.     Cf.  West 
of  Eng.  ranish,  ravenous.  S.W. 

Rhine.     Add  •. — Mr.  Powell  mentions  a  Wiltshire  poem,  which  begins  : — 
"  There  once  were  a  frog  that  lived  in  a  ditch, 
Or  'twere  may  be  a  rheen,  it  don't  matter  which." 

Ridge-tie.     A  back  chain  for  shafts.  S.W. 

Rig.     Add:— "To  rig   about"    is  commonly  used  in  S.  Wilts  of  children 

clambering  about  on  wood-piles,  walls,  etc. 
Rough .     ( 1)    A  dd  : — "  There,  she  was  took  rough  as  it  might  be  uv  a  Monday, 

and  afore  Tuesday  sundown  she  was  gone,  a-sufferin'  awful." — The  Story 

of  Dick,  viii.,  85. 

*Round-tail.  v.  To  clip  the  dirty  locks  of  wool  off  the  tail  and  legs  of 
sheep,  previously  to  shearing.  Very  commonly  used  in  many  parts  of  the 
county.  N.  &  S.W  . 

*Round-tailingS.  The  locks  so  dipt,  which  are  washed  and  dried,  and 
usually  sold  at  half-price.  N.W. 

RowleSS-thing,  Add  •.—  Sir  Fras  Dowse,  of  Wallop,  is  said  to  have  been 
possessed  of  "  another  thing  called  the  Broyl  [Bruellii= woods]  of  Colling- 
bourne."  See  Wiltshire  Compounders,  Wilts  Arch  Mag.,  xxiv.,  58.  In 
the  New  Forest  a  "  rough  "  is  a  kind  of  enclosure.  "Philips  promised  to 
feed  the  horse  in  a  '  rough  '  or  enclosure  ....  which  was  well  fenced 
in,  but  the  bank  foundered  and  the  animal  got  out." — Salisbury  Journal, 
Aug.  5th,  1893. 

Rough  Band.     Ahousett.     See  Wilts  Arch.  Mao.,  i.  88. 
Rubbly.     adj.     Of    soil,   loose  from  being  full   of   broken   bits    of  chalk. 
(Agric.  Survey.} 

Rumpum-Scrumpum.  A  rude  kind  of  musical  instrument,  made  of  a 
piece  of  board,  with  an  old  tin  tied  across  it  as  a  bridge,  over  which  the 
strings  are  strained.  It  is  played  like  a  banjo,  or  sometimes  with  a  sort  of 
fiddle-bow.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Sar,    Add:—s.w. 

Sauf.     Add :— S.W. 

Scaut-     (2)     Add:— S.W. 

Scoop  (?  Scope).  Allowance  or  start  in  a  race,  etc..  "How  much  scoop  be 
you  a  going  to  gie  I  ?  "  "  Alwaies  dyd  shroud  and  cut  theyre  fuel  for  that 
purpose  along  all  the  Eaage  on  Bra}'den's  syde  alwaies  taking  as  much  skoop 
from  the  hedge  as  a  man  could  through  [throw]  a  hatchet." — Perambulation 


146  Contributions  towards  a    Wiltshire  Glossary. 

of  the  Great  Park  of  Fasterne  (near  Wootton  Bassett),  1602.    The  original 
document  is  in  the  Devizes  Museum.  N.  &  S.W.  (Baverstock,  etc.) 

Scotch.     Add:— N.W.  (Huish.) 

Scramb.    Add-.-s.W. 

*Scran.  Add  •.— S.W.  Mr.  Slow  defines  this  as  "  victuals,"  but  it  is  really 
the  bag  in  which  the  food  is  carried. 

Screechetty.    Creaky.  s.w. 

Scriggle.     To  take  the  last  apples.     See  GriggleS.  N.W. 

Scrump.    (l)    Add-.-s.W. 

Scrupet.  Add :— Scrupetty,  Scroopedee  (Slow),  S.w.,  and 
Scripet,  N.W. 

Seg,  Sig.     Urine.  S.W. 

Seg-Cart.     The  tub  on  wheels  in  which  urine  was  collected  from  house  to 

house  for  the  use  of  the  cloth  mills.  S.W. 

Sewent.     Add  :— Suant  is  still  in  frequent  use  in  S.W. 

*Shab  off.    TO  go  off  (Slow).  s.w. 

Shackle.     (1)     A  hurdle  wreath  or  tie.     Add  :— S.W. 

(2)     ''All  in  a  shackle,"  loose,  disjointed.       N.  &  S.W.  (Devizes,  Huish, 

Salisbury,  Clyffe  Pypard,  etc.) 

Shaft-tide  or  Shrift.     Shrove-tide.  S.W. 

Shaggle.     Of  a  bough,  etc.,  to  shake.  S.W. 

*Shandy.     (?  Shindy.)     A  row  about  nothing  (Slow).  S.W. 

Shape  (pronounced  Shap).  To  manage,  arrange,  attempt,  try.  "  I'll  shap  to 
do't,"  try  to  do  it.  Compare  the  common  use  si  frame.  N.W.  (Devizes.) 

Shard.  Add : — "  1636.  Itm.  to  Robert  Eastmeade  for  mendinge  a  shard  in 
Englands  ijd." — Records  of  Chippenham,  p.  207. 

Sharps     Add-.— s.w. 

Sharpish.  Considerable.  "I  be  eighty- vive  to-year,  an'  'tis  a  sharpish 
age."  N.W.  (Huish,  etc.) 

Sheep.  "In  the  article  of  sheep  what  strange  nomenclature !  Besides  the 
intelligible  names  of  ram,  ewe,  and  lamb,  we  have  wether  hogs,  and  chilver 
hogs,  and  shear  hogs,  ram  tegs,  and  theaves,  and  two-tooths,  and  four-tooths, 
and  six-tooths.  So  strange  is  the  confusion  that  the  word  hog  is  now  applied 
to  any  animal  of  a  year  old,  such  as  a  hog  bull  a  chilver  hog  sheep.  '  Chilver ' 
is  a  good  Anglo-Saxon  word,  '  cylfer,'  and  means  female,  so  a  chilver  hog 
sheep  simply  means,  in  the  dialect  of  the  Vale  of  Warmiuster,  a  female 
lauib  a  year  old." — Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xvii.,  303. 


By   G.  E.   Darlnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.         147 

*Sheep4)ed  (Ship-bed}.     When  a  labourer  had  drunk  too  much,  he  would 

"  take  a  ship-bed,"  i.e.,  lie  down  like  a  sheep  to  sleep  in  a  grass-field,  till  he 

was  sober.  N.W.,  obsolete. 

Shepherd's-Thyme.     Add  :— S.W.  (Bishopstone,  Little  Langford,  etc.) 

Shillibier.     A  bier  on  wheels.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard,  etc.) 

*Shimmy.      Convolvulus  sepium,  L.,  Great  Bindweed.     Reported  to  us  as 

"  Chemise."  S.W.  (Little  Langford.) 

*Shirt-buttons.     Flowers  of  Stellaria  Holostea,  Greater  Stitch  wort.  S.W. 

(Deverill.) 

Shitsac.    Add-.-S.W. 

SllOg.     To  sift  ashes,  etc.,  by  shaking  the  sieve.     N.W.  (Devizes,  Huish,  etc.) 
Shore.     Add  : — "  A  Mearstone  [mere-stone]  lying  within  the  Shoore  of  the 

dyche." — Perambulation  of  the  Great  Park  of  Fasterne,  1602. 
Shoulder,  to  put  OUt  the.  At  Clyffe  Pypard  and  Hilmarton  it  is 
customary  to  ask  a  man  whose  banns  have  been  published  once — "How  his 
shoulder  is  P  " — because  you  have  heard  that  it  has  been  "  put  out  o'  one 
side,"  owing  to  his  having  "  vallen  plump  out  o'  the  pulput  laast  Zunday." 
Next  Sunday  will  "  put'n  straight  agean."  This  implies  that  the  banns  were 
formerly  published  from  the  pulpit. 

Shrammed.    Add  :-s.W. 
Shrift.    See  Shaft-tide. 

*Shriggillg.  Hunting  for  apples  (Slow).  See  Griggles  and  Scriggle. 

S.W. 

Shrimps.     A  particular  kind  of  sweets.  N.  &  S.W. 

Shrowd.  (1)  To  trim  off  the  lower  boughs  of  a  tree.  N.  &  S.W. 

(2)  To  cut  a  tree  into  a  pollard.  N.  &  S.W. 

Shucks.     Husks  of  oats,  etc.  S.W. 

Sibilated  words.  These  are  somewhat  common  in  Wilts,  as  Snotch,  notch  ; 
Spuddle,  puddle  ;  Scrunch,  crunch  ;  Spyzon,  poison  ;  Spicter,  picture. 

Sig.     See  Seg. 

Sinful-ordinary.  Plain  to  the  last  degree  in  looks.  "  I  once  knew  a  young 
gentleman  in  the  Guards  who  was  very  ordinary-looking  — what  is  called  in 
Wiltshire '  sinful  ordinary.'  " — Illust. London  News,23i:d  March,1889.  N.W. 

Skillet.     A  round  pot  to  hang  over  the  fire.  N.W, 

Skilling.    Add:— S.W. 

Skimmer-cake.  A  cake  made  of  odd  scraps  of  dough.  See  Skimmer- 
lad.  S.W. 

Sklppet.  The  long-handled  ladle  used  for  filling  a  water-cart,  emptying  a 
hog-tub,  etc.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 


148  Contridutions  towards  a   Wiltshire  Glossary. 

Slack.     Impudence,  cheek.     "  I'll  ha'  none  o'  your  slack  !  "  S.W. 

Slammock.    Add :— N.w. 

Slail.     Add  :— N.W.  (Castle  Eaton,  etc.) 

Slewed,  Slewy.    Drunk.  N.  &  s.w. 

*Slize.     Add  .—To  look  askance  at  anyone.  N.W. 

Slommakin.    Add  :-s.W. 

Sly.  "  A  sly  day  "  looks  bright  and  pleasant,  but  the  air  has  a  chill  nip  in  it. 
"Sly  cold"  is  the  treacherous  kind  of  cold  raw  weather  that  was  very 
prevalent  during  the  influenza  epidemic.  N.W.  (Huish.) 

Smeech.     Add  :-Also  Hill  Deverill, 

*Snake-fem.     Pteris  aquilina,  L.,  Bracken.  S.W.  (Deverill.) 

Snake's-head.    Add  •.— s.w.  (Hill  Deverill). 

^Sniggling^     "A  sniggling  frost,"  a  slight  frost  that  just  makes  the  grass 

crisp.  S.W.  (Steeple  Ashton.) 

Snivett.     A  newt.    Perhaps  a  sibilated  form  of  Evet.  N.W. 

Snop.    (2)    ^^-.-s.w. 
Snowballs.    Add  •.— s.w. 

Snowl.     A  large  piece  of  anything.     "Gie  I  a  good  snowl  o'  bread,  mother  !  " 

N.  &  S.W. 
Snuff-rag.     Add :— S.W.     Also  used  formerly  at  Clyffe  Pypard,  N.W. 

Sog.     Add:— S.W. 

Spance.    See  Waggon. 

Sparked.  Add :— "  One  of  the  earliest  indictments  on  the  roll  of  the  Hilary 
Sessions  [Wilts],  1603-4,  tells  of  quatuor  vaccas  quar1  due  color  sparked 
et  una  alia  coloris  rubri  et  altera  color  browne." — Wilts  Arch.  Mag., 
xxii.,  225-6. 

Spear.  (1)  n.  A  stalk  of  reed  grass  (Slow).  S.W. 

(2)  v.  See  Spurl. 

*Split-fig.     A  short-weight  grocer  (Slow).  S.W. 

Sploach.     To  splutter.  S.W. 

Sprank.  A  sprinkling  of  anything.  "There  be  a  good  sprank  o' fruit  to- 
year."  Also  used  in  Somerset.  N.W.  (Mildeuhall). 

Spreathed.    Add:-$.w. 

Spuddle.     To  make  a  mess.     A  sibilated  form  of  puddle.  S.W. 

Spudgel.     A  wooden  scoop.  N.  &  S.W. 

Spuds.     Potatoes.     Perhaps  introduced  by  Irish  harvesters.          N.  &  S.W. 

*8pur.    See  Spurl. 

Spurl.     Add :— Used  in  S.  Wilts,  as  also  Spear  and  Spur. 


By   G.  E.   Darin  ell  and  the   Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.         149 

Squall.     Add :— (4)     Of  a  candle,  to  gutter.  N.  &  S.W 

Squailer.     Add:— See  History  of  Marllorough   College,  ch.  ix.,  p.    94; 

also  Notes  and  Queries,  8th  S.,  ii.,  149 ;  197  ;  257. 

Squoil.     Add-.—  Bird-Squoilill,  killing  birds  with  stones  (Slow).      S.W. 
Staid.     Of  mature  age,  elderly.     "  A  staid  'ooman."  N.  &  S.W. 

Standing,    -drfrf:— Stannen  (Slow).  S.W. 

otark.  v.  To  dry  up.  "The  ground  is  got  so  stark — you  see  the  hot  sun 
after  the  raiu  did  stark  the  top  on't."  N.W.  (Hilmarton.) 

Starky.     Add:— (2)     Shrivelled  and  wasted  by  ill-health.  N.W. 

fotarve.  Add : — "  My  old  man  he  do  starve  I  wi'  the  could  at  nights,  'cause 
he  got  a  crooked  leg,  and  he  do  sort  o'  cock  un  up  'snaw,  and  the  draaft  do 
get  in  under  the  bed-claus,  and  I  be  fairly  starved  wi'  the  could." 

Strapper.    Add-.-s.w. 

Steart.  Add  : — The  small  iron  rod,  on  the  head  of  which  the  cappence  of  the 
old-fashioned  flail  played.  N.W. 

Stem.    Add-.—N.&s.w. 

Stobball.  Add: — "Illegal  games  ....  mentioned  are  .... 
hand-ball,  foot-ball,  and  stave-ball  or  '  stobball  '  ;  (pilum  manualem, 
pedalem,  sive  baculinamj,  'nine-holes'  and  'kittles.'" — "  On  the  Self- 
government  of  Small  Manorial  Communities,  as  exemplified  in  the 
Manor  of  Castle  Combe."  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  iii.,  156. 

Stoggy.  Wet  and  sticky ;  used  of  ground  that  "  stogs  "  you,  or  in  which  you 
get  "  stogged."  N.W. 

Stomachy.       Unbending  (Slow).  S.W. 

Stone-bruise.  Add  : — In  an  American  trouting-yarn  in  Fishing  G-azefte, 
17th  December,  1892,  p.  429,  the  following  occurs  : — "  It's  just  the  age  for 
'  stone-bruises '  in  a  boy,  and  he  must  have  a  pair  of  shoes  any  way." 

*Striddling.     The  right  to  lease  fallen  apples  after  the  gathering  in  of  the 

crop.    Of.  Griggling. 

*8trim-strum.     adj.     Unmusical  (Slow).  S.W. 

*Strouter.     A  strut  or  support  in  the  side  of  a  waggon  (Slow).  S.W. 

Stub.     A  stump  of  a  tree.  S.W. 

Stubbed.     A  "  stubbed"  broom  is  one  much  worn  down  by  use,  as  opposed 

to  a  new  one.  S.W. 

Stud.     Add:—S.W. 
Stun.     v.     To  make  no  growth.     "  Grass  stunned  in  its  growth  this  season." 

(1892.)  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard,  Potterne,  etc.) 

Succour.     (1)     Add : — "  Goddard  the  elder  being  a  copyholder  of  lands  in 


150  Contributions  towards  a   Wiltshire  Glossary. 

Eylden  within  the  Manner  of  Ogburne  near  adjoyning  to  His  Majesties 
Chace  being  a  place  that  in  winter  time  was  a  special  and  usual  succour  for 
preserving  the  breed  of  young  deer  belonging  to  the  Chace."— Extract  from 
Bond  v.  Goddard  and  others,  1636.  See  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxiii.,  259. 
"Its  a  gwain  to  rain,  for  the  wind's  down  in  the  succours,"  i.e.,  hollows 
and  sheltered  places  generally.  N.W.  (Huish.) 

Suck-blood.     The  Common  Leech.  S.W. 

*Summer-ground.  "  A  custom  upon  two  farms  ....  of  feeding 
six  oxen  through  the  full  range  of  all  the  summer  ground  belonging  to  the 
hither  Beversbrook  ....  being  the  Home  Close,  the  Middle  Mnrsh» 
the  Course  Marsh,  the  Upper  Lease,  and  Brewer's  Lease ;  through  the  full 
range  likewise  of  such  summer  grounds  as  belong  to  the  yonder  Beversbrook 
to  be  put  in  at  Mortimers  Gate  and  to  feed  to  Burfurlong  Corner,  through 
all  the  afore  mentioned  grounds  from  the  third  of  May  to  Michaelmas." — 
Hilmarton  Parish  Terrier,  1704.  See  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxiv.,  126. 

*S\vaft.     Add:— Probably  from  Fr.  soif.— Smy the- Palmer. 
Swank.     To  work  in  a  slow  lazy  fashion,  to  idle.     "  Her  bain't  no  good  for 
your  place,  ma'am,  her  do  go  swanking  about  so  over  her  work."     S.W. 

(Salisbury.) 

A  nasalized  form  of  sicacJc,  seen  in  Scotch,  swack,  weak,  feeble,  hence 
remiss, — Dutch,  zivak, — Germ.  schwach,  weak, — Gothic,  siukan,  to  be 
weak. — Smy  the-  Palmer. 

*Swanky.     Weak  beer.  S.W. 

Swash  or  Swosh,  A  rush  of  water,  etc.  "A  man  in  answer  to  my 
question  of  how  the  rain  seemed  to  fall,  said,  '  It  came  down  in  swashes,' 
and  I  think  it  may  also  be  said  that  occasionally  the  wind  came  in  swashes 
i^r—The  Great  Wiltshire  Storm,  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vi.,  380.  N.W. 

Sweet-briar.  The  young  succulent  suckers  of  any  rose,  which  are  peeled 
and  eaten  by  children.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Tail.    (3)    ^trfrf:— Tailens.  N.&s.w. 

Tallet.    Add.-s.w. 

*Tamed.     "By  that  time  the  ground  will  be  tamed."     Said  in  Lisle's  Hus- 
bandry to  be  a  Wilts  agricultural  term,  but  not  there  explained. 
Tan.     Then  is  so  pronounced,  in  such  expressions  as  Now-an-Tan.     Also  see 

Twitch-air-Tan. 

Tazzle.  n.  "  Her  hair  be  aal  of  a  tazzle,"  in  great  disorder,  all  tangled  and 
knotted  and  tousled.  N.W. 

Teg-man.  A  shepherd.  "  I  am  a  teg-man  (or  shepherd)  in  the  employ  of 
Mr.  White."—  Wilts  County  Mirror,  28th  October,  1892,  p.  8,  col.  5.  S.W. 

(Salisbury.) 


By   G.  E.  Darlnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.         151 

Terrify,  Add  : — "'Twer  mostly  losing  of  a  boss  as  did  for  'em,  and  most 
al'ays  wi'  bad  shoeing.  They  gived  'em  scant  measure  —  shoed  'em  too  tight, 
they  did,  a-terrifying  o'  the  poor  beasts." — Jonathan  Merle,  xlviii.,  520. 

"Her  own  folks   mightn't  a-like  so  well  to  come  and  stay,  if  ther  was 
al'ays  a  terrifying  old  woman  to  put  up  with." — Ibid,  liv.,  596. 

"  Her  hushand,  who  had  been  out  in  the  fields,  came  home  and  began  to 
'terrify  '  her."—  Marlborouyh  Times,  26th  November,  1892. 

Theave.  "  We  have  wether  hogs  and  chilver  hogs,  and  shear  hogs,  ram  tegs, 
and  theaves,  and  two-tooths,  and  four-tooths,  and  six-tooths." — Wilts  Arch. 
Mag.,  xvii.,  303. 

Tiddle.     Add  :-(2)     v.    To  tickle.  S.W. 

*Tiddy.     adj.     Weakly,  delicate.  KW.  (Castle  Eaton,  etc.) 

Tiller.     The  upper  handle  of  a  long  sawyer's  pit-saw.      See   Box.     N.W. 

(Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Tippem,  Tippum.  A  game  played  by  six  boys,  three  on  each  side  of  the 
tahle.  The  centre  one  '*  works  the  piece,"  i.e.,  passes  it  from  hand  to  hand 
up  and  down  under  his  side  of  the  table.  Then  all  the  hands  are  placed  on 
the  table,  and  the  opposite  side  guesses  which  hand  the  "  piece  "  is  in, 
and  scores  or  loses  a  mark  according  as  the  guess  is  right  or  wrong.  The 
"piece"  may  be  anything  available,  from  a  knife  to  a  pebble  or  bean.  N.W. 

Toad's-meat.     Toadstools  ;  fungi.  S.W. 

Toad-stabber.  A  bad  blunt  knife.  Commonly  used  by  boys  about  Clyffe 
Pypard.  N.  &  S.W. 

Tommy.     Food  carried  out  into  the  fields.  N.  &  S.W. 

Tommy-bag.    Add  •.— S.W. 

Tommy-hacker.     The  same  as  Hacker.  S.W.  (Steeple  Ashton.) 

Traipse,    (i)    Add  :-s.w. 

(2)     Add :— S.W. 

*Traveller's-ease.     Ackillea   Millefolium,  L.,  Common  Yarrow.     S.W. 

(Little  Langford.) 

Trendle.     Add:— (2)     A  trough  in  which  bakers  mix  their  dough.  N.&S.W. 
Trig.     "  Pretty  trig,"  in  fairly  good  health.  S.W.  (Steeple  Ashton.) 

Truckle,    (i)    «.    To  roll. 

(2)     n.     Anything  that  may  be  rolled. 

Truckles.  Add  :  —  (2)  "  To  play  truckles,"  to  roll  anything,  such  as  a  reel, 
the  top  of  a  canister,  etc.,  from  one  player  to  another,  backwards  and 
forwards.  S.W. 

Truckle-cheese.    Add  :-s.w. 

Trumpery.     Add:— "It  he'd  a-let  us  have  it  rent  free  first  year  ('cause 


152  Contributions  towards  a    Wiltshire  Glossary. 

that  land  wer  all  full  o'  trnmp'ry  that  high)  we  could  ha'  done." — Jonathan 
Merle,  xxxvii.,  412. 

Tuck.      (2)     Add:— S.W. 

Add: — (3)  To  blow  gustily.  "The  wind  be  so  tucking  to-day,  i.e., 
gusty,  blowing  from  all  quarters,  uncertain.  N.W,  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

*Tufwort.  "Between  Crookwood  and  what  is  called  'The  Folly,'  they  ob- 
served a  large  cluster  in  one  of  the  fir-trees  ....  which  turned  out  to  be  a 
wasps'  nest.  The  nest,  which  was  nearly  as  large  as  a  quartern  measure, 
was  fully  matured,  and  is  described  by  an  expert  in  taking  wasps'  nests  as 
what  is  known  as  '  the  tufwort'  nest.  It  consisted  of  three  splendid  cakes 
of  comb,  enclosed  in  a  web." — Local  Papers,  July,  1893.  Probably  the 
nest  of  Vespa  Britannica,  which  in  hot  summers  has  occurred  frequently 
in  our  hedges  in  some  parts  of  the  county. 

I  Ullp-tree.  Acer  pseud  o -pi  atanus,  L.,  Sycamore,  the  smell  or  taste  of  the 
young  shoots  being  supposed  by  children  to  resemble  that  of  the  tulip.  S.W. 

(Salisbury.) 

Tump.     Add:— S.W. 

Tun.  "  To  tun,"  or  "  to  tun  in,"  to  pour  liquid  through  a  "  tun-dish  "  into  a 
cask.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard ;  Devizes  ;  Huish.) 

Tun- dish  or  Tun-bowl,  A  kind  of  wooden  funnel,  like  a  small  bucket 
with  hoops  round  it,  and  a  tube  at  the  bottom,  used  for  pouring  liquids  into 
a  cask.  N.W.  (Devizes  ;  Clyffe  Pypard ;  Huish.) 

*Tlirn.     A  spinning-wheel.  N.W.  (obsolete). 

This  word  frequently  occurs  in  the  Mildenhall  parish  accounts,  as  : — 
"  1793.  To  Box  and  Spokes  to  Torn,  Is  2d.  To  a  Standard,  hoop  4  spokes 
to  Torn,  Is.  3d.  To  a  Hoop  3  spokes  to  a  Torn,  lid.  To  4  legs  and  standard 
a  hope  5  spokes  to  Sal's  Torn,  2s  7d.  To  Mending  Bery's  Torn,  Is  6d., 
1784.  Paid  John  Rawlins  for  a  Turn,  3s." 

In  1809-10  the  word  Turn  gives  place  to  Spinning-wheel  in  the  overseers' 
accounts. 

*Tut-WOrk,     Piece  work  (Slow).  S.W. 

Twinge.     Add  -.— A  piece  of  dough  moulded  for  making  into  bread.       S.W. 

(Deverill.) 

Twitch.     "  At  every  twitch  and  turn  "  (or  "  tan  "),  now  and  again.  N.  &  S.W. 

T'year.    ^^ :— Also  To-year. 

Under-Creeping,     Underhanded.  S.W. 

Unempt.     Add  -.— S.W. 

Unked.     Add  :— "  Another  use  of  uncouth— (I)  unknown,  (2)  strange,  un- 
canny, lonely." — Smy  the -Palmer. 
Up-along.     A  little  way  up  the  street  or  road.    See  Down-along.  N.  & 

s.w. 


%   G.  E.   Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.    Goddard.         153 

Up-sides.    Add:— S.W. 

Vamp.     To  walk  about.    "  I  zeed  she  a-vamping  half  round  the  town."    Much 

more  used  in  Dorset.  S.W. 

*Velleys.      (Valley  P)     The  drain  where  the  eaves  of  a  cottage  meet. 
Vinriey.     Add  : — It   was   said   at  Hill  Deverill  of  a  woman  feigning  to  be 

bed-ridden,  that  "she  would  lie  there  abed  till  she  were  vinney." 

Waggon.  Add-.— See  Draughts,  Limbers,  Shutleck,  Shut- 
lock,  Strouter,  Ridge-tie,  Blades. 

Wag.     (2)     Add:-8.W. 

Want.  Add  :— "  1620.  Itm.  to  William  Gosse  for  killing  of  wants,  xijd."— 
Records  of  Chippenham,  p.  202. 

*Want-rear.    A  mole-hill.  S.W. 

Watch.  If  a  hay-rick  is  so  badly  made  that  it  heats,  the  owner  is  often  so 
ashamed  of  it  that  he  attempts  to  set  the  matter  right  before  his  neighbours 
find  it  out.  If  a  passer-by  notices  him  poking  about  the  hay  as  if  searching 
for  something  in  it,  the  ironical  question  is  asked — "  Have  'ee  lost  yer 
watch  thur  ?  "  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Watchet.  Add  :— "  You'd  best  come  along  o'  me  to  the  lower  lands  .... 
for  it  be  mighty  wet  there  these  marnins,  and  yell  get  watshed  for  certin." 
—  The  Story  of  Dick,  ch.  xii.,  p.  142. 

Weather-glass.  Anagallis  arvensis,  L.,  Scarlet  Pimpernel.  See  Shep- 
herd's- Weather-glass.  N.  &  s.w. 

Weigh-jolt.     Add  :— Formerly  in  common  use  at  Clyffe  Pypard,  N.W. 

West.    (Waast}.     A  stye  in  the  eye.     See  Wish.  S.W. 

WhipwhileS.     Meanwhile.     A  Somerset  word.  S.W. 

WhlSSgig.      (1)     v.     To  lark  about.  N.  &  S.W. 

(2)    n.    A  lark,  a  bit  of  fun  or  tomfoolery.   "Now,  none  o'  your  whissgigs 

here  !  "  N.W. 

WhlSSgiggy.     adj.     Frisky,  larky.  N.W. 

*  White.  "  Cow  white  "=cow  in  milk.  "  Calf  white  "=sucking  calf.  "  All 
the  small  tithes  such  as  wool  and  lamb,  cow  white  and  calf  etc.  throughout 
all  parts  of  the  parish  unexpressed  in  the  several  foregoing  particulars.  The 
usual  rates  at  present  being  fourpence  a  cow  white — six  pence  a  calf  .  . 
.  .  the  sheep,  lambs  and  calves  are  due  at  St.  Mark's  tide— the  cow  white, 
and  fatting  cattle  at  Iiamni&s"—Hilmarton  Pariah  Terrier,  1704.  See 
Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  xxiv.,  126.  Usually  defined  as  above,  but  more 
correctly  written  as  cow-wite  and  calf-wite,  i.e.,  the  mulct  or  payment  for 
a  cow  or  calf.  "  Tythes  of  Wool  and  Lambs  and  Calves,  and  three  half- 


Contributions  towards  a   Wiltshire  Glossary. 

pence,  which  is  due  and  payable  at  Lammas  being  Composition  Money  for 
the  Tythe  White  of  every  Cow."  —  Wilcot  Parish  Terrier,  1704—  As  regards 
the  ordinary  derivation,  compare  white-house,  a  dairy,  white-meat,  milk, 
whites,  milk.  "  Wheatly  (On  the  Common  Prayer,  ed.  1848,  p.  233-4) 
quotes  from  a  letter  of  one  G.  Langbain,  1650,  as  follows:  —  '  certe  quod  de 
Lacte  vaccarum  refert,  illud  percognitum  habeo  in  agro  Hamtoniensi  (an 
et  alibi  nescio)  decimas  Lacticiniorurn  venire  vulgo  sub  hoc  nomine,  The 
Whites  of  Xine  ;  apud  Leicestrenses  etiam  Lacticinia  vulgariter  dicuntur 
Whitemeat"  —  Smy  the-  Palmer. 

White-livered.     Pale  and  unhealthy  looking.  N.  &  S.W. 

At  Clyffe  Pypard  the  word  has  a  yet  stronger  idea  of  disease  about  it.  and 
a  "  white-livered  "  woman  is  supposed  to  be  almost  as  dangerous  as  was  the 
poison-nurtured  Indian  beauty  who  was  sent  as  a  present  to  Alexander  the 
Great.  How  the  ''  whiteness  "  of  the  liver  is  to  be  detected  is  not  very  clear, 
but  probably  it  is  by  the  pallour  of  the  face.  At  any  rate,  if  you  discover 
that  a  young  woman  is  "  white-livered,"  do  not  on  any  account  marry  her, 
because  the  whiteness  of  the  liver  is  of  a  poisonous  nature,  and  you  assuredly 
will  not  live  long  with  a  white-livered  young  woman  for  your  wife.  It  is 
most  unhealthy,  and  if  she  does  not  die,  you  will  !  The  word  is  so  used  of 
both  sexes. 

Whiver.     (1)     Add  :—  To  flutter. 

Wildem  (i  short).  An  apple-tree  run  wild  in  the  hedges,  as  opposed  to  a  true 
crab-tree.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Wiltshire  Weed,  The.  The  Common  Elm.  See  notice  in  Athenceum, 
1873,  of  Jefferies'  Goddard  Memoir,  also  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.  This  is  a 
term  frequently  occurring  in  books  and  articles  on  Wilts,  but  it  would  not 
be  understood  by  the  ordinary  Wiltshire  folk. 

Wish,  Wisp.     A  sty  in  the  eye.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard,  etc.) 

Wooset.    See  Houssett. 

Worsen.  v.  To  grow  worse.  "  You  be  worsened  a  deal  since  I  seen  'ee  laast, 
I  d'  lot  as  you  beant  a  gwain  to  live  long."  N.  &  S.W. 

"  Life  worsens  here,  and  ere  it  reach  the  worst, 
Unto  the  Jove  that  may  be  would  I  speak 
To  help  my  people."—  W.  Morris,  Seller  ophon  at  Argos. 


Wosbird.     Jdd:—  Husbird.  N.W.  (Devizes,  etc.) 

Woilt.     A  carter's  order  to  a  horse  to  bear  off.     The  opposite  to  Coom  hether. 

Wrastle.     Add:—  "O.E.  raxle,  N.  Eng.  and  Scot,  rax,  to  stretch,  extend, 

reach,  and  so  to  spread  ;    A.S.  wraxlian,  whence  wrestle.  —  Smy  the-  Palmer. 


By   G.  E.  Lartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H.   Goddard.         155 

Yaught,  Yawt.  To  swallow,  to  drink.  "There's  our  Bill—  he  can  y  aught 
down  dreuk  like  anything,"  or  "  He  can  yaught  a  deal."  A.S.  geotan,  to 
pour.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard,  Huish,  etc.) 

Zammy.  Add  :—  (2)  n.  A  simpleton,  a  soft-headed  fellow.  S.W. 

"  The  idea  common  to  both  senses  is  halfness,  incompleteness,  from  Mid. 
Eug.  sam,  half  (Lat.  semi]  ;  e.g.,  sam-ded,  sam-ope.  So  half-baked,  silly, 
Lousdale,  hoafen,  half-witted."  —  Smythe-P  aimer. 


ADDENDA. 

*BaWSy.     Add:  —  "I  take  Borsy  to  be  the  more  correct  form,  standing  for 

bur-sy,  full  of  burs  (Fr.    bourre]  :    cf.  burrass  in  Murray,  coarse  hempen 

cloth,  Fr.  bourras."  —  Smy  the  -Palmer. 
*BoresllOre.     Add  •.—  "  This  is  a  kind  of  hurdle  stake  which  can  be  used  in 

soft  ground  without  an  iron   pitching  bar  being  required  to  bore  the  hole 

first  for  it.     Hence  it  is  called  bore-shore  by  shepherds."  —  Mr.  Slow. 
Caddie.     (3)     Add:—  To  bother,  to  worry.     "  Tain't  no  use  caddling  I—  I 

can't  tell  'ee  no  more."  —  Greene  Feme  Farm,  ch.  8. 
CaSlllty.      (1)     Add:  —  l<  '  Fine  growing  morning,   you.'       'Ay,    casualty 

weather,  though.'     ....     *  Casualty,'  used  in  connection  with  weather,. 

means  uncertain."  —  Ibid,  ch.  1. 

Chinsteys.     n.     The  strings  of  a  baby's  cap.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

Compare  Chingstey,  Devon.      "Oh!  Mo-ather  !     Her  hath  chuck'd  me 

wi'  tha  chingstey  [caught  her  by  the  poll  and  choked  her  with  the  strings 

of  her  cap  "  —  The  Exmoor  Scolding,  p.  17. 
*Clote.     n.      Verbascum    Thapsus,    L.,    Great   Mullein    (Aubrey's    Wilts 

MS.}.  Obsolete. 

*CoglerS.     The  hooks,  with  a  cogged  bar  to  adjust  the  height,  by  which  pots 

and  kettles  were  hung  over  open  grates  in  cottages.     Now  superseded  by 

H  anglers.  N.W.,  obsolete. 

*Crandum.  Add:—  N.W.  "I  first  heard  this  word  near  Hungerford, 
where  some  farm  hands  were  having  a  spree.  There  was  a  six-gallon  jar  of 
beer  on  the  table,  which  they  were  continually  smacking  with  their  hands, 
whilst  they  sang  in  chorus  :  — 

"  Let  it  run  down  yer  crandum, 
An'  jolly  will  we  be,"  etc. 

I  have  only  heard  it  applied  to  the  human  throat,  never  to  that  of  an 
animal."  —  Mr.  Slow. 


156  Contributions  towards  a    Wilts/tire  Glossary. 

Dawk.  Add  :— "  This  seems  to  be  identical  with  A.S.  dale,  dole,  But.  and 
Dan.  dolk,  Icel.  ddlkr,  Ger.  dolch,  all  meaning  a  sharp  piercing  instrument, 
skewer,  dagger,  etc." — Smy  the -Palmer. 

*Dick-and-his-teani.  The  Great  Bear.  "  I  know  the  north  star;  there 
it  is  ....  And  the  Great  Bear ;  the  men  call  it  Dick  and  His  Team." 
— G-reene  Feme  Farm,  ch.  6.  Compare  Jack-and-his-team. 

*Liggled.  Add  :— DiggleS  is  used  as  a  noun,  as:—"  Let's  go  a  black- 
berryin'  ;  there's  diggles  [abundance,  plenty]  up  Grovely."— Mr.  Slow. 

Drock.  (3)  Add: — "Where  meaning  a  water  way,  it  is  usually  spoken 
of  as  a  Drock -Way,  '  drock  '  alone  being  the  passage  over  the  ditch."— 
Miss  JS.  Boyer-Brown.  N.W,  (Castle  Eaton.) 

*Drucked.     Filled  to  overflowing  (Slow). 

*Dl'Oy.     n.     A  thunderbolt  (Aubrey's  Wilts  MS.).  Obsolete. 

*Falarie.  Add  :—  "  Used  about  Wilton,  but  not  so  extensively  as  its  synonym 
rumpus" — Mr.  Slow. 

Featish.  Add :— "  How's  your  voice  ?  "  "  Aw,  featish  [fairish].  I  zucked 
a  thrush's  egg  to  clear  un." — Greene  Feme  Farm,  ch.  1.  "  '  Ees,  this  be 
featish  tackle,'  meaning  the  liquor  was  good." — Ibid,  ch.  7.  "  A'  be  a 
featish-looking  girl,  you." — Ibid,  ch.  1. 

Folly.  Add:  —  "  '  Every  hill  seems  to  have  a  Folly/  she  said,  looking  round. 
'  I  mean  a  clump  of  trees  on  the  top.'  " — Ibid,  ch.  6.  There  is  a  clump  of 
Scotch  Firs  on  the  top  of  Compton  Down,  called  "  The  Long  Folly." 

Friggle.  Add  :— (3)  To  fidget,  to  worry  about  a  thing.  "  He  freggled 
[fidgetted]  hisself  auver  thuck  paason  as  come  a  bit  ago." — Ibid,  ch.  7. 

FrOUghten.     Add  :— "  Lor,  Miss,  how  you  did  froughten  I !  "—Ibid,  ch.  7. 

Full  mare.  n.  In  my  childhood  I  remember  being  told  more  than  once  by 
a  servant  at  Morden,  near  Swindon,  N.W.,  that  a  colt  which  was  playing 
about  in  a  field  near  was  "  a  fullmare."  Could  this  possibly  have  been  a 
survival  of  the  old  word  "  Folymare,  a  young  foal,"  which  is  given  by 
Halliwell  and  Wright  as  occurring  in  a  fifteenth  century  MS.  at  Jesus 
College,  Oxford  P  I  have  never  heard  the  word  elsewhere. —  G.E.D. 

GaapUS.     n.     A  fool,  a  stupid  fellow.       •'  What  be  at,  ye  girt  gaapus  !  " 

N.W.  (Clyfte  Pypard,  etc.) 

Goggles.  Add:—''  GllggleS,  the  empty  shells  of  snails — not  the  large 
brown  kind,  but  those  of  various  colours." — Miss  F.  Boyer-Broivn.  N.W. 

(Castle  Eaton.) 

Gold.  Nodules  of  iron  pyrites  in  chalk.  "  On  past  the  steep  wall  of  an  ancient 
chalk-quarry,  where  the  ploughboys  search  for  pyrites,  and  call  them  thunder- 
bolts and  '  gold,'  for  when  broken  the  radial  metallic  fibres  glisten  yellow." 
— Greene  Feme  farm,  ch.  5.  Heard  once  near  Clyfte  Pypard,  years 
ago.— 


%  O.  K  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  K  H.   Goddard.         157 

H  anglers.  The  hooks  by  which  pots  and  kettles  are  suspended  over  open 
fire  grates.  See  Coglers.  N.W. 

Hank.  Add  as  example  : — "  I  won't  ha'  no  hank  wi'  un,"  will  have  nothing 
at  all  to  do  with  him.  Cf.  Hand  (3). 

Hook.  Add :— "  This  is  another  form  of  ILuclc  or  Hike,  q.v."—Smythe- 
P  aimer. 

Hudmedud.  Add:— "  <  That  nimity-pimity  odd-me-dod  ! '  .  .  .  :  Little 
contemptible  scarecrow." — Greene  Feme  Farm,  ch.  3. 

Hullocky.  Add:— Also  Yellocks.  '"Now  which  way  is  it?'  .  .  .  . 
'  Yellucks,'  said  the  boy,  meaning  <  Look  here.'  "—Ibid,  ch.  5.  "  '  This  be 
the  vinest  veast  ....  as  ever  I  zeed  ....  Yellucks  ! ' — as  much 
as  to  say,  Look  here,  that  is  my  dictum."— Ibid,  ch.  11. 

In-a-most.  Almost.  "  It  inamwoast  killed  our  bwoy  Sam."—  Wilts  Tales, 
p.  145.  N.  &  S.W. 

*jimmy-swiver.  n.  A  state  of  trembling.  "  '  Lor,  Miss,  how  you  did 
froughten  I  !  I  be  all  of  a  jimmy-swiver,'  and  she  visibly  trembled,  which 
was  what  she  meant." — Greene  Feme  Farm,  ch.7.  Apparently  connected 
with  whiver  or  swiver. 

Junket.  Add:— '"This  be  the  vinest  veast  ....  ag  ever  I  zeed  since 
ould  Squire  Thorpe  ....  got  up  the  junketting  when  the  news  come 
of  the  battle  of  Waterloo,  dree-score  years  ago.'  " — Ibid,  ch.  11. 

*Latter  Lammas.  Add  •.— "  This  is  a  noun.  'When  a  person  is  habitually 
late  and  uupunctual,  folks  say — '  What  a  Latter  Lammas  thee  beest,  ta  be 
sure  !  '  "— Mr.  Slow. 

Messengers.  Add:--(2)  n.  "  The  '  messengers  '—small  detached  clouds, 
that  precede  the  rest,  were  already  passing  overhead." — Greene  Feme 
Farm,  ch.  6.  Used  by  children  in  both  N.  &  S.  Wilts. 

*  Mucker.  Add  :—"  Old  Eng.  molcerer  (Old  Eng.  Miscellany,  E.  E.  T.  S., 
p.  214),  a  miser  ;  Scot,  mochre,  mokre,  to  hoard,  O.  Fr.  mucer,  to  hide  away, 
O.E.  to  much,  to  hide.  The  last  portions  of  curmudgeon(=coiLn-m\ic}iiug)  and 
hugger-mugger  are  related."— Smy the- Palmer.  Cf.  Mouch. 

*Nigllt-fall.  n.  A  disease  in  horses.  "Witness  ....  told  him 
his  animal  was  very  bad,  and  asked  him  what  was  the  matter  with  it.  He 
replied,  '  Nothing,  it  is  only  •*  night-fall,"  and  it  comes  on  several  times 
during  the  year.'  "—Wilts  County  Mirror,  27th  October,  1893. 

Nistn't.  Need  not,  must  not.  "  Thee  nistn't  hoopy  at  I — I  can  hyar  as 
well  as  thee."—  Greene  Feme  Farm,  ch.  3. 

*Perseen.  ^dd  as  example:— "There's  Jack  White  a  comin';  I  won't  perseen 
ta  know  un." — Mr.  Slow. 

VOL.    XXVII.— NO.    LXXX.  M 


158  Contributions  towards  a   Wiltshire  Glossary. 

*Plank-stone.  n.  A  flag-stone.  "  This  soyle  [Easton  Piers]  brings  very 
good  oakes  and  witch  hazles  ;  excellent  planke  stones."—  Jackson's  Aubrey, 
p.  236.  "  In  1666,  the  diggers  found  the  bones  of  a  man  [near  Lacock] 
under  a  quarrie  of  planke  stones."—  Aubrey's  Nat.  Hist  of  Wilts. 

*Qliean.  Add  :— "  When  a  man  says  of  his  wife  that  '  th'  old  quean '  did  so 
and  so,  he  means  no  disrespect  to  her,  any  more  than  if  he  were  speaking  of 
his  child  as  *  the  little  wench.'  " — Miss  E.  Boyer-Brown. 

Slire.     'v.'   To  look   askance  or  out  of  the  corners  of  your  eye  at  anything. 

"  '  Why  should  you  suspect  him?  '     *  Aw,  a'  be  a  bad  'un ;  a'  can't  look 

'ee  straight  in  the  face  ;  a'  sort  of  slyers  [looks  askance]  at  'ee."—  Greene 

Feme  Farm,  ch.  9.  N.W.  (ClyfEe  Pypard,  etc.) 

Spade.     Add :— Also  Spady  in  N.  Wilts.     A.  S.  sped,  phlegm. 

Tackle.  Add  :— Also  used  of  food  for  cattle.  "  Thaay  [the  sheep]  be  goin' 
into  th'  Mash  to-morrow  ....  We  be  got  shart  o'  keep  .... 
Thur's  a  main  sight  o'  tackle  in  the  Mash  vor  urn."—  Greene  Feme  Farm, 
ch.  5. 

*Take.     n.     The  sciatica  (Aubreys  Wilts  MS.).  Obsolete. 

Thunderbolts.     Add : — "  The  ploughboys  search  for  pyrites,  and  call  them 

thunderbolts.     Greene  Feme  Farm,  ch.  5.     See  Gold. 
Unked.     Add  :— "  '  What  be  the  matter  with  thuck  dog  you  P     How  he  do 

howl—it  sounds  main  unkid  ! '  " — Ibid,  ch.  9.     Here  unkid=omino\is  and 

uncanny. 

*Vessel.     "To  wash  up  the  vessel  (sing.,  not  pi.},"  is  to  wash  up  plates, 

dishes,  etc." — Miss  E.  Boy er Brown.  N.W.  (Castle  Eaton.) 

Vrail.      The  whip  part  of  the  old-fashioned  flail.  N.W.  (Clyffe  Pypard.) 

*Yoil.  This  word  is  often  thrown  in  at  the  end  of  a  sentence,  sometimes  as  a 
kind  of  query — "Don't  you  think  so?" — but  usually  to  give  a  strong 
emphasis  to  some  assertion.  "  A'  be  a  featish-looking  girl,  you." — Greene 
Feme  Farm,  ch.  1.  *'  Fine  growing  maraing,  you."— Ibid,  ch.  1.  "  That 
be  a  better  job  than  ourn,  you." — Hodge  and  his  Masters. 

NOTE. 

We  must  here  call  attention  to  a  most  interesting  article  by  Miss 
E.  Boyer-Brown,  entitled  "  On  the  Upper  Thames"  which  appeared 
in  Leisure  Hour  for  August  last.  The  district  which  it  deals 
with  is  that  in  which  Castle  Eaton  and  Marston  Meysey  lie, 
and  many  of  the  local  peculiarities  of  dialect  are  ably  commented 
on,  and  traced  to  their  respective  sources.  The  greater  part  of  these 


Unpublished  Documents  relating  to  Sir  William  Sharing  ton.  159 

words  have  already  been  recorded  by  us,  but  we  have  made  a  few 
extracts  from  the  article  in  the  foregoing-  pages.  We  trust  that  the 
authoress  will  continue  her  researches  into  our  "  Field  Names/''  a 
branch  of  Wiltshire  archaeology  which  has  hitherto  been  somewhat 
unduly  neglected. 

Many  Wiltshire  words  and  expressions  are  also  to  be  found  in 
"  Lark  :  a  Tale  of  the  Down  Country"  a  novel  which  appeared  last 
year,  and  has  attracted  much  attention  since. 

We  have  to  thank  the  Rev.  Dr.  Smythe-Palmer  and  Mr.  Slow 
for  a  few  additional  notes  and  corrections  which  came  to  hand  too 
late  to  be  included  in  their  proper  places,  and  are  therefore  given 
separately  above,  as  well  as  a  few  others  from  various  sources. 

A  Notice  to  Members,  relative  to  the  proposed  publication  of  the 
Glossary  by  the  English  Dialect  Society,  will  be  found  on  the  cover 
of  the  present  number  of  this  Magazine. 


ootttmtts  relating  to 
of  <§nr  Militant  <§jjanttgtoit,  Uatmarg,  1549. 

By  the  Rev.  W.  GILCHEIST  CLARK. 

various  occasions  in  earlier  volumes  of  the  Magazine,  articles 
have  appeared  which  have  dealt  incidentally  with  the  life 
and  fortunes  of  William  Sharington,  the  grantee  of  Lacock  Abbey 
at  its  dissolution  in  1539,  The  object  of  the  present  article  is  not 
to  give  a  complete  life  of  Sharington,  since  for  that  purpose  the 
materials  are  not  yet,  I  think,  available,  but  to  put  before  the  readers 
of  the  Magazine  three  documents,  hitherto  unpublished,  which  not 
only  give  us  further  information  about  an  individual  of  whose  moral 
character  very  various  estimates  have  been  made,1  but  also  may 

1  Froude  (Hist,  of  Eng.,  vol.  v.)  speaks  very  slightingly  of  him  :  Latimer,  oil 
the  other  hand,  called  him  "  an  honest  gentleman,  and  one  whom  God  loveth." 

M  2 


160  Unpullisked  Documents  relating  to  the 

prove  of  wider  interest  by  casting-  a  side-light  on  the  political  in- 
trigues of  the  time,  as  well  as  illustrating  the  magnificence,  especially 
in  jewellery,  which  characterized  the  nobles  of  the  time  of  Henry 
VIII.  and  Edward  VI. 

The  Abbey  appears  from  a  deed  at  Lacock,1  to  have  been  sur- 
rendered on  January  21st,  1539,  not  on  July  21st,  as  stated  in  Bowles 
and  Nichols'  History  of  Lacock,  p.  282.  The  earlier  date  is  confirmed 
by  Rymer's  Fcedera.  The  price  paid  was  £783  13$.  10?^.,  paid  in 
four  instalments,  i.e.,  £100  on  16th  July,  1540;  £220  on  June 
24th,  1541 ;  a  similar  sum  on  April  9th,  1542 ;  and  the  balance  of 
£243  135.  lOjrt?.  on  November  15th,  1544.  Letters  patent  were 
to  be  made  out  to  "  W.  Sharyngton,  Page  of  the  King's  Robes,  and 
Elyanor,  his  wife/'  He  was  involved  in  the  fall  of  the  Lord  High 
Admiral  Seymour,2  and  brought  to  trial  at  the  Guildhall,  London, 
on  February  14th,  3  Edward  VI.  (1549),  on  the  charge  of  having, 
at  Bristol,  on  the  10th  July,  1  Edward  VI.  (1547),  and  at  divers 
times  before  and  after,  counterfeited  £2000  worth  of  coins  called 
testons,  without  warrant  and  in  defiance  of  prohibition.  Sir  William. 
Sharington  appeared,  in  the  custody  of  Sir  John  Gage,  Constable, 
and  Sir  John  Markham,  Lieutenant,  of  the  Tower,  and  pleaded 
guilty.  He  was  condemned  to  death,  to  be  taken  to  the  Tower,  and 
thence  drawn  through  the  midst  of  the  city  to  the  place  of  execution, 
and  there  hanged ;  execution  to  take  place  at  the  King's  pleasure. 
By  an  Act  passed  in  the  Parliament  which  met  4th  November,  1 
Edward  VI.,  and  continued  till  4th  November,  2  and  3  Edward  VI., 
he  was  attainted,  and  forfeited  all  his  estates. 

Probably  the  sentence  of  death  was  little  more  than  formal,  and 
Sharington  was  given  to  understand  that  a  heavy  fine,  and  full 
confession  of  his  complicity  in  the  Admiral's  designs,  would  ensure 

1 "  Inquisition  of  the  Attorney-General  against  Henry  Sharington,  concerning 
all  his  possessions." 

2  Acts  of  Privy  Council,  1547-1550,  p.  239.  "  1548-9.  xix.  Januarij.  This 
day  more  declaration  of  the  said  conspiracy  cummyng  forth  and  appering,  Sir 
William  Sherington,  Vice  Thresaurer  of  the  Mynt  at  Bristoll,  and  Mr  Fowler 
of  the  Privy  Chamber,  for  that  and  other  matiers,  were  sent  to  the  Tower." 
Sharington  was  still  in  the  Tower  in  January,  1549-50,  as  on  the  20th  of  that 
month  we  find  an  order  for  the  payment  of  his  "  dyetts,"  p.  371,  ibid. 


Arrest  of  Sir   William  Sharington,  January,  1549,         161 

his  pardon,  and  that  he  would  be  allowed  to  re-purchase  his  estates. 
Accordingly  he  furnished  the  Council  with  the  evidence  which 
follows,  printed  from  the  original  in  the  Record  Office.  (State 
Papers,  Domestic,  vol.  vi.,  No.  13.) 

At  such  tyme  as  the  Lord  Admirall  was  made  Admirall*  he  said  unto  me  that 
he  was  as  glad  of  that  office  as  of  any  office  within  the  Realme,  and  that  no  man 
shuld  take  thnt  office  from  him  but  he  shuld  take  his  lif  also,  why  my  lord 
said  I  there  be  many  much  better  offices  then  that  which  yow  maie  have,  what 
office  soever  I  shall  haue  (said  he)  I  will  not  giue  up  the  patent  of  the  Admyrals 
office  whiles  I  line.  I  asked  him  wherefore,  wherefore  (said  he)  mary  nowe  I 
shall  haue  the  rule  of  a  good  sort  of  shippes  and  men.  And  I  tell  yow  it  is  a 
good  thing  to  haue  the  rule  of  men/ 

2.  At   such  tyrne   as  the   Lord   Protector  toke  his  Tourney  into  Scotland,*]" 
thadmyrall  said   to    me  that  he  inisliked  that  my  said  lord  Protector  had  not 
apointed  him  to  haue  the  government  of  the  king  before  so  dronken  a  fole  as  Sir 
Richard  Page  was/ 

3.  I  have  knowen  thadmirall  alwaies  muche  desirous  of  Stewardships  and  to 
entertain  gentillinen,  but  to  what  eande  I  did  ueuer  know  otherwise  then  to  serue 
the  king  for  so  he  did!  allwaies  say/ 

4.  I  remember  that  at  an  other  tyme  he  told  me  that  thearle  of  warwike 
wold  haue  had  the  Mannor  of  Stratford  uppon  aveu  of  him,  and  offred  to  giue 
him  a  better  thing  in  some  other  place,  Mary  then  let  him  haue  it  said  I  for  it  is 
owt  of  your  wayes  but  beggerlye  howses,  nay  said  he  I  will  not  depart  from  it, 
for  yt  is  a  pretye  towne  and  will  make  a  good  menyj  of  men/ 

5.  The  lord  Admirall  bathe  diuers  tymes  caused  me  to  loke  with  him  uppon  a 
Cart  of  England  in  the  loking  wherof  he  wold  many  times  shewe  me  howe  strong 
he  was,  what  nombres  of  men  he  was  able  to  make,  howe  farre  his  landes  and 
dominions  did  stretche,  And  howe  his  landes  lay  betweine  his  house  of  Bromham 
and  the  holte/§ 

6.  He  wold  also  many  tyines  shewe  me  what  Shy  res  and  places  war  for  him, 
and  (noting  the  places  in  the  plat)  wold  also  say  diuers  tymes  in  this  place  and 
in  that  place  I  am  amonges  the  myds  of  my  freends,  and  in  these  talks  he  used 
also  some  tymes  to  shew  me  where  my  lord  Protectors  lands  and  my^lord  of 
warwikes  lay  unto  whom  I  know  he  had  no  great  affection/ 

In  the  begynnyng  of  this  last  wynter  ridyug  wl  the  lord  Admyrall  from  my 
lord  marques  Dorsets  house  the  said  Admyrall  used  sondry  tymes  to  shew  me  as 
we  rodde  togither  the  Cowutrees  rounde  abowt  saying  all  those  which  dwell  in 
thes  partes  be  my  freends/ 

7.  At  this  tyme  talking  with  me  of  his  freends  he  reioised  moche  therat 

*  Immediately  after  Edward  the  Sixth's  accession-. 

f  In  September,  1547. 

J  Meny — a  company  of  followers.  Halliwell's  Dictionary  of  Archaic  and 
Provincial  Words. 

§  Bromham  :  probably  not  Bromham  in  Wilts,  which  belonged  to  the  Baynton 
family  ;  there  is  a  Bromham  near  Bedford*  The  Holte  :  Holt  in  Denbighshire. 


162  Unpublished  Documents  relit //////  to  the 

vaunting  him  wife  and  hosting  l.hal,  he  had  as  groat  nomhr  of  gentilmon  that 
loucd  him  aw  any  noble  man  had  in  Kngland,  And  further  said  that  he  thought 
lie  had  more  gentilmon  that  loved  him  then  my  lord  protoeto'  had,  whereof  ho 
.>-d  miicho  to  reioi-.e,  sayong  that  he  was  happyo  that  had  1'iveuU  in  this 
world  whatsoever  shall  chaunco/ 

7.  And    hi-sides   his  fn-ends  he  told  me  that  he  eoulde  make  or  bring  of  those 
which  be  within  his  rules,  and  of  his  own  Tenants  and  Servauntes  ten  thou-and 
men  if  he  shuld  be;  eommaunded  to  serve/ 

8.  After  this  at  an  other  time  f  whiche  tyme  I  can  not  certainly  remember  f 
thadmirall  asked  me,  what  mony  I  eoulde  make  him  if  nede  were,  J  said  abowt  a 
foure  thousande   pounds    f  English  f      Tushe    quod    thadmyrall    that    is  hut  a 
lytell,  but  what  can  yow  make  (me)  in  dede  P     Marye,  said  I  it  wold 

harde  for  me  to  make  yow  more  sodeynly,  but  if  yow  give  me  a  litell  warnyng  I 
filial!  he  hahle  to  make  yow  as  muche  as  I  shall  haue  «tuf  to  make  it  of,  then 
thadmirall  willed  me  to  get  as  muche  money  into  my  hands  as  I  could  gel,  And 
in  like  sort  he  wold  warn  me  and  advise  me  many  tymes  sayeng  it  wen-  good  to 
have  allwaies  a  good  masse  of  mony  redye  And  to  get  into  my  hands  as  much 
monye  as  I  could  and  then  (said  he)  a  man  may  do  some  what  withall/ 

9.  At  another  tyme  ridynge  with  the  said  Admirall  as  is  afoivsaid  and  com- 
munyng  as   we   had   before    he    -aid    unto   me,   how   mudie  mony   will  find  ten 
thou-and   men  a   mom-th,  and   uppon   that  aceompting  awhile  ul  himself,  he  did 
cast  that  after  the  rate  of  vjd  the  day  for  a  man,  x'"u  or  thovabouto  wold 

and  tharnppOD  further  said  it  were  good  leving  of  buylding,  an<l  to  h:iue  alv 
a  good  masse  of  monye  for  if  a  man  have  redy  mony  he  maie  buyld  at  all  t; 

10.  At  whiche   tyme  he   said    also    further   unto  me  in  this  soit  ( i<  dial  her 
Sharyngton  if  we  had  ten  thousand  pounds  in  redy  mony  that  were  well,  could 
not  yow  be  able  to  make  so  muche  monye  P     I  trust  we  shuld  not  lack  it  then  : 
to  whom  I  made  answer  that  he  shuld  not  lack  if  I  were  able  to  make  it,  and  if 
the  mynt  did  stand  at  Uristoll  I  said  I  wold  warrant  him  he  shuld  lack  no  monye 
Whereunto  he  said  he  had  no  doubt  but  the  mynt  shuld  continue/ 

11.  About    Christmas    weke    last    past    after    my    ivturne   from   ( 'anterhurye 
suspecting  that  some  trouble  was  lil  ;     ,mt  to  the  lord  Admir.ill 
and  told  him  tthat,  andt  that   1  could  not  iustific  my  doings  in  the  mynt  if  they 
were  knowen,  Nevertheles  (said  I)  1  have  so  ordred  the  matier  that  no  man  shall 
hr  liable   to  accuse  me.    And   therefore  where   I   had    receivid   of  him  the 
Admirall   when  he  \\rnl  to  Land--i>ey*  m1'  for  the  which  I  oromyscd  to  pay  him 
interest  amounting  in  this  space  to  ixcli.     And  so  my  principall  debt  w'  interest 
comythe  to  xixcli     And   where    I    had   receivid   of  him  wole  for  ceec1'  And  so  my 
whole   debt    amounted    to  him  to  mmccc1'.  whereof  (I  told  him)   I  had  laid  fort  he 
for  his  buyldings  at  Hromham  xvcli  for  his  buildings  at  SudK-yJ  xi'1'  lent  him  at 

f  f  Erased  in  MS. 

*Landrccy  in  Fland.  ,|  by  H.^nrythe  Might  h'«  army  in  ()et.,b.-r,  I  .1:5. 

J  Sudeley  (-astle.      The  windows  of  the  earlier  Kli/abethan   work,  at  tie 

i. hie  Shai'inglon's  work,  but  are  probably  rather  later-  about  the  beginning 
of  the  ivign  of  Mary.  The  Conduit  I  louse,  however,  call,  -d  Keiielm's  W.-ll,  at 
Sudeley.  ;  I  ,a  \  e  a  1 1  1  he  cha  ract  i-rist  ics  (.f  Sharingt  oil's  \\ ,, 

and  is  the  only  building  in  which  they  are  known  to  be  matched.     The  comparison 


o>f  Si/'   WiUi^>.     ^        .j  tun,,  January,  1549.         16-3 


.  bini  to  t'  and  paiJ 

,  by 
by  ine   t  debt  wins 

•vaie  birn 
* 

abuld  happen 

afteu*.  |  -rail 

in  u'.v.  ->.e  (for  iii.  .  :i  was  vii 

toke  the  bill  ol  rne, 

I  think  U  iu  bis  house  at  London.     And  at  the  same  tyme  I  praied  hioa 

';uld  happen  unto  me  to  bere  me  iu  any 
whieh  thr  me  to  do/ 

12.     I  vemernbre  also  tbat  I  have  bard  tbadimraU  saye  tbat  tbe  Ladye  Jane 

Mawjnes  v'..  \vaa  for  bir  qualities  and  vertvies  a  tit  uiuviag-.- 

tbe  king  if  be  abwW  inary  witbin  tbe  Kealnus  and  tbat  be  bad  vatber  tbe  king 
»buld  uaary  bir%  tben  bis  brotbew  tbe  Lord  Protect  o's  dongbc 

member  tbat  xii  or  xitij  daios  before  obriatmaa  Last  past 
•ie  in  bis  bowse  told  me  tbat  be  was  not  contented  tbat 
;.  in  tbe  pavliarnet-bonse  as  one  of  tbe  kings  uncles/ 

14.     1  vV  at  diuers  tymes  tbat  be  bad  giueu  to  tbe  kiuga 

mau*  to  tbe  Yalo1  of  lxxxu  wbiob  money  Fouler^  receivid  of  bim  and  did  dis- 
tribute tbe  same  according  to  tbe  kings  Ma1"*  pleasure  to  tbe  pagis  and  otber 

Mo1  1  ivmember  tbat  tbe  first   daie  ol  tbia  parliamet  as  I  was  going 

tbitl  ,  ke  wbo  toke  me  a  side  advising  me  freendly 

tbat  1  sbnld  IK  h'lizabeta.     I  asketl  bim  whye  but  be  said  no 

^»nu»;  beveupjH.>u  1  gatlu  [ovu'biug  .-.ivyraU  detevmyniag 

tbat  1  N\i>ld  »}>eake  w'  bim  in  tbis  matier  wben  I  came  nere  unto  bim,  but  yeat  I 

tban  a  sevenetb,  till  be  cam  to  my  bouse  §  oue 

•  Kenelm's  N\     .  ,     uluit  House,  at  page  53  of  tbe 
and  Sudelvy,  by  Kmma  l>ent.     Tbe  conjectural  date 
\\  date  is  probably  154S.     Tbe  Conduit  House  baa 
vnt,  and  a  tig  u  re  of  St.  Kenelm  added. 

.;,  in  c^se  Q  uould  not 

.he  Admiral  in  tbe  matter  of  funds. 

;  daugbtfi-  of  tht-y,  Lord  Dorset,  IN  grand- 

\  11 

%  I  K  I,  mucb  employed  by  Seymour. 

^•1,  aiul  u  .  Itousu,  called  "  Cam-.  \ 

v\ith  tbe  i/u/'ct\/*  .'..(  . 
,    1,   3rd   and  4th  of   1'hilip  aad   Alary  (loo  .uington, 

>ir  William,  ti>  hi*  ;  :m  Sharington  and  Agnes, 

v  .  obaut,  and  formerly 

•»  '•  .ttridge,  gentle. 

.Mary 
\ 


164  Unpublished  Documents  relating  to  the 

mornyng  as  he  was  going  to  his  ship,  where  when  he  had  broken  his  fast  going 
throughe  my  garden  as  I  remember  or  els  the  same  after  none  after  his  coming 
from  his  ship  walking  in  my  said  garden  till  his  Supper  was  redye,  I  told  him  I 
was  warned  by  Smythweke  that  I  shuld  not  come  at  my  Lady  Elizabeths,  and 
theruppon  I  said  unto  him  have  yow  any  thing  to  do  there,  I  take  it  that  I  am 
warned  not  to  meddle  in  any  such  matier,  and  no  more  I  will  whereunto  thad- 
mirall  answered  that  he  had  nothing  to  do  ther,  but  (said  he)  why  shuld  not  the 
kings  doughters  be  married  within  the  realme,  and  this  muche  haue  I  said  to 
some  of  the  Counsayll  who  were  able  to  say  litell  unto  yt/ 

16.  At  another  tyme  I  asked  him  why  he  gaue  him  Self  no  better  to  serve* 
seing  that  every  other  man  dyd  so  willingly  offer  to  serve,  hold  thy  peace  man 
(said  thadmirall)  it  is  good  abiding  at  home,  and  to  make  mery  w*  our  neighbor» 
in  the  contry,  I  said  I  thought  it  wold  not  be  well  taken  seing  it  is  knowen  yow 
can  serve,  well  said  he  speake  no  more  of  that  matier,  let  it  pas/ 

(Sd.)  W.  SHABINGTON. 

Endorsed:—®  Willm  Sharjngton. 
Paper,  8  pp.,  3  blank.     The  remaining  five  signed  W.  Sharington. 

The  foregoing  does  not,  perhaps,  impress  us  with  a  high  idea  of 
Sharington's  moral  fibre ;  'and  beyond  doubt  his  proceedings  at  the 
Bristol  Mint  constituted  a  grave  abuse  of  his  position.  Yet  we 
must  remember  that  the  age  in  which  he  lived  was  one  of  duplicity 
and  intrigue ;  one  who  lived  about  the  Court  could  hardly  escape 
being  tainted  with  the  prevailing  infection ;  and  on  the  whole 
Sharington  does  not  appear  to  have  been  worse  than  most  poli- 
ticians of  his  time,  or  even  the  great  Queen  Elizabeth  herself,  of 
whom  Green  says  : — "  It  was  an  age  of  political  lying,  but  in  the 
profusion  and  recklessness  of  her  lies  Elizabeth  stood  without  a  peer 
in  Christendom." 

Sharington's  evidence  produced  the  effect  which  no  doubt  he 
expected.  On  February  1st,  1550,  an  Act  was  passed  pardoning 
him  and  restoring  him  in  blood.  And  by  letters  patent  of  the  day 
following,4  his  estates  were  restored  to  him. 

At  the  time  of  his  arrest,  however,  commissioners  had  been  sent 
to  his  various  houses,  to  take  charge  of  his  personal  effects.  Lacock 
was  visited  by  John  Berwick  (or  Barwik)  and  John  Pert ;  his  house 
in  Tower  Hill  by  Sir  Edmond  Peckham  and  Richard  Fulmerton. 
It  is  not  specified  who  was  sent  to  Bristol.  Apparently  these  pos- 

4  Original  at  Lacock. 


Arrest  of  Sir   William  tiharingion,  January,  1549.          165 

sessions  were  not  forthcoming  at  Sharington's  restitution,  and  ac- 
cordingly he  furnished  a  list  of  what  was  missing,  in  the  following 
paper,  endorsed  "  Sharington's  declaration  for  want  of  things," 
now  among  the  State  Papers  in  the  Record  Office.  (State  Papers 
(Domestic),  vol.  vi.,  No.  29.  Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic 
Series,  1547-1580,  p.  14.) 

Ane  estimate  of  all  such  plate  Jewells  money  and  other  goods  as  apperteigned 
to  Sir  Willm  Sherington,  Knight,  and  were  remaineng  in  his  several!  houses  the 
tyme  of  his  apprehencion  in  Januarie  last  1549. 

At  my  house  at  Lacock  in  Wiltesh'.  All  my  plate  there  sent  from  thense  to 
London  under  the  chardge  of  John  Pert  auditor  by  the  appoinctmeut  of  John 
Berwick  Esquier  (sole  commissioner  thereof)  and  is  become  I  knowe  not  wheare, 
worthe  at  the  least  one  thousande  markes. 

Ingotts  of  gold  of  divers  sorts,  beside  olde  golde,  viz. :  Portegews,  Angellots,* 
and  doble  Ducates:  that  was  remayneng  in  a  chest  there,  the  just  valew  I  knowe 
not  but  I  am  sure  the  same  was  worthe  one  thousande  pounds  at  the  least. 

Naperie,  hole  peeces  of  fine  Lynen  cloth,  cloth  of  golde,  velvet,  and  uther  silks, 
beside  tykes  and  hole  peeces  of  fustian  f  and  uther  faire  stuf  a  great  chest  full 
and  as  muche  more  as  Laded  one  Wayne  conveighed  to  the  said  John  Berwicks 
house,  to  the  Duke  of  Soms'  use,  as  he  saied,  worthe  as  I  esteeme  it  ccc1'  and 
better.  Rings,  habiliments.J  and  other  Jewells  of  my  wiefs  besids  her  chaynes 
and  twoo  of  myne,  all  taken  awaye  by  the  said  John  Berwick  to  the  vale  we  as  I 
do  esteeme  them  of  two  hundreth  pounds  and  better. 

More  olde  gold  and  broken  silver  with  some  money,  beside  certein  peeces  of 
relvet  and  silk  of  my  wif 's  store  by  her  delivered  also  to  the  said  John  Berwick 
worthe  as  I  do  esteeme  it  vij.  or  viij11. 

Certein  Jewells  of  my  Ladie  of  Suffolks§  being  of  great  valewe,  and  lefte  with 


*  "  Portague  :  a  Portugese  gold  coin  worth  about  £3  12s."  "  Angelot :  a  gold 
coin  of  the  value  of  half  an  angel,  current  when  Paris  was  in  possession  of  the 
English."— Halliwell. 

t  Tykes  :  perhaps  covers  for  feather  beds.  See  S&eafs  Dictionary,  s.  vfc 
Tick.  Fustian  :  a  strong  linen  cloth,  first  manufactured  in  England  temp.  Ed., 
VI.  Planche,  Cyclopedia  of  Costume,  s.  v. 

J  Probably  the  same  as  "  billementes,"  frequently  mentioned  in  the  "  inden- 
ture "  given  below.  Halliwell  gives  "  Billaments,  ornaments,"  though  he  says^ 
that  the  derivation  from  "  habiliments  "  is  not  probable.  Yet  these  habiliments^ 
were  personal  ornaments,  being  mentioned  between  "  Rings "  and  "  other 
jewels "  ;  they  seem  to  have  been  jewels  mounted  on  velvet,  satin,  or  other 
material,  and  capable  of  being  sewn  on  to  dresses. 

§  "  Catherine  Willoughby,  Duchess  of  Suffolk,  second  wife  of  the  gallant  and 
accomplished  Charles  Brandon,  the  favourite  and  brother-in-law  of  Henry  the 
Eighth,  married,  after  his  death,  Mr.  Bertie,  with  whom,  in  Mary's  time,  she- 
became  a  refugee."— Eraser  Tytler,  Reigns  of  Edward  VI,  and  Mary,  i.,  280. 


166  Unpublished  Documents  relating  to  the 

me  for  thassurance  of  xj.  bundreth  pounds  that  I  lent  her,  delivered  up  to  the 
said  John  Berwick,  and  where  they  be  become  I  knowe  not. 

Having  also  put  in  inventarie  all  my  Wifs  apparail,  and  the  same  have 
sequestred  from  her  use  remaineng  there  Locked  up  in  a  chest  by  the  said  John 
Berwicke  so  as  she  can  not  come  at  none  of  it.  But  as  for  my  housholde  stuf 
which  only  served  the  competent  furniture  of  my  house  there,  are  also  put  in 
inventarie  and  remaignenge  there  are  by  the  said  John  Berwick  committed  unto 
the  chardge  of  one  of  my  servants.* 

In  the  Castell  of  Bristoll.  Item  there  remayned  there  f  as  much  golde  and 
silver  as  by  the  advowchinge  of  Thorn's  Dowrishe  my  deputie  there  wolde  have 
made  withaddicion  of  allaye  threttene  or  fourtene  thousande  pounds.  The»re 
remaigned  also  of  myne  in  a  Chest  in  redie  money  ccli  assaies  of  golde  and  silver, 
all  kinds  of  household  stuf,  and  myne  owne  apparaill  to  what  valewe  I  can  not  saye. 

There  remaigned  also  specialties  to  the  valewe  of  one  thousande  pounds  and 
upwards. 

There  remaigned  also  in  the  hands  of  the  company  there  J  as  muche  Leade  as 
was  of  the  valewe  of  one  thousand  five  hundreth  pounds  and  in  redie  monie  five 
hundreth  pounds  more. 

And  further  there  remaigned  in  the  Key  at  Bristoll  twoo  Shippes  with  their 
Ordinaunce  and  takle,  which  my  Lorde  Admiral!  gave  unto  me  worthe  at  the 
least  twoo  hundreth  pounds. 

At  my  house  at  the  Towre  hill  in  London.  Plate  remaigneng  there  of  myne 
the  cei  ten  valewe  1  knowe  not,  but  as  shall  appeare  by  Sir  Edmonde  Peckhains§ 
books,  who  with  Richard  ffulmerton  Comptroller  to  the  Duke  of  Seiners'  were 
commissioners  there  over  and  beside  a  parcell  of  broken  plate  of  Anne  Sheringtons|j 
my  Sister  to  the  valew  of  1.  or  Ix.  pounds. 

Readie  money  with  olde  golde  and  silver  of  divers  kinds  and  coynes  remayneng 
in  my  house  there  to  the  valewe  aa  I  doe  esteeme  it,  of  three  thousande  pounds 
and  upwards. 

My  household  stuf  with  my  horses  etc  put  in  Inventorie  (except  a  bedde  and  a 
poore  deale  of  stuf  allowed  to  my  wief )  all  taken  awaie  and  bestowed  I  kuowe 
not  wheare  nor  am  not  hable  to  judge  the  valewe  thereof. 

But  as  I  am  enformed,  five  Chambers  hanged  throughlie  with  tapestrie  being 
furnisshed  with  bedds  of  downe,  quiltes  of  woll,  with  sparvises  **  of  divers  kinds 
of  silke,  and  their  quiltes  to  the  same,  were  conveighed  thense  to  the  Duke  of 
Somersetts  house. 

And  two  faire  Jewells  of  mine  :  viz  a  dyamonde  and  a  white  rubye  worthe  at 
the  least  one  hundreth  pounds  were  by  Richard  ffulmerton  taken  awaie  and 

*  Probably  Thomas  Noble  (see  below,  note  *  on  Indenture). 

f  The  mint  was  in  the  Castle. 

J  Probably  Nicholas  Thome  and  Company,  of  Bristol,  whose  trustee,  Thomas 
Shapman,  gave  Sharington  a  bill  for  £1500  payable  in  four  years,  for  300  Fodder 
of  Lead  (see  Indenture). 

§  Master  of  the  Mint. 

||  Anne  Sherington  is  a  hitherto  unknown  member  of  the  family. 
**  Sparver  :  the  canopy  or  wooden  frame  at  the  top  of  a  bed." — Malliwell. 


Arrest  of  Sir   William  Sharing  ton,  January,  1549.          167 

delivered  to  my  Ladle  Somers'  who  afterwards  told  my  wief  that  the  same  were 
of  no  value,  wheare  in  very  dede  they  were  no  lesse  worthe  but  rather  better* 

Itm  a  Turcase  worthe  x1'  left  in  my  Chambre,  a  diamont  worth  xlu  and  uther 
Jewells  to  the  value  of  I11  and  upwards  remaigneng  in  my  Compting  house  were 
conveighed  I  knowe  not  whither. 

Moreover  one  Casket t  conteigning  so  many  specialities  as  I  do  esteme  to 
amount  unto  seven  or  eight  thousand  pounds. 

Md.  that  1  occupied  in  Flaunders,*  being  free  of  the  companie  there  and  had 
a  stocke  of  mm.  pounds  and  upwards. 

Whether  the  bulk  of  this  property  was  restored  to  Sir  W. 
Sharington,  we  do  not  know;  but  among-  the  Lacock  papers  in  the 
Record  Officef  there  is  preserved  a  document  relating  to  the  receipt 
by  him  from  the  Earl  of  Wiltshire,  then  Lord  High  Treasurer,  of 
the  Duchess  of  Suffolk's  jewels,  and  certain  "  Obligations,  Bills  and 
Specialties/''  possibly  some  of  those  referred  to  in  Sharington's 
"  Statement,"  though  he  there  only  mentions  specialties  at  Bristol 
and  London,  while  they  are  stated  in  the  following  Indenture  to 
have  been  found  at  Lacock.  It  may  be  suspected  that  those  things 
which  were  taken  away  "  to  the  Duke  of  Somerset's  use  "  did  not 
find  their  way  back  into  Sharington's  possession.  The  following  is 
the  text  of  the  document  (Record  Office,  Court  of  Wards,  etc.. 
Deeds,  Box  94,  D.  3.)J 

This  Indenture  mad  the  xth  daye  of  February  in  the  fourthe  yeare  of  the 
Raigne  of  our  Soveraigne  Lorde  Edwarde  the  vjth  by  the  grace  of  god  Kinge  of 
England  &c  Betwene  the  right  honorable  Willm  Erie  of  Wilshere  and  Lorde 
Highe  Treasorour  of  England  on  that  one  p'te  and  Sr.  Will'm  Sharington  Knight 
on  thother  p'te  Witnesseth  that  the  said  Sr  Will'm  Sharington  as  well  by  vertue 
of  the  Kinges  Majesties  L'res  patent  of  Restitution  nnder  the  greate  Scale  of 
England  to  him  made  asalso  by  ordre  and  Comaundemente  of  the  Lords  of  the 
Kings  most  Honorable  Counsaill  hathe  receaved  of  the  said  Lorde  Treasorer  all 
thes  p'celles  of  Juelles  hereafter  named  delivered  to  thands  of  the  said  Lorde 
Treasorer  by  John  Barwik  gent  whiche  were  fouude  at  Lacocke  in  Wilshere  in 

*  Sharington's  family  was  of  Norfolk,  and  he  probably  engaged  in  the  Easfe 
Anglian  cloth  trade  with  Flanders.  Occupied,  i^e.,  traded  ;  cf.  St.  Luke,  xix.y 
13,  "  Occupy  till  I  come." 

f  Court  of  Wards,  etc.  Deeds,  Boxes  94  A,  B,  C,  D,  E.  How  these  deeds- 
came  into  the  possession  of  the  Crown  is  not  quite  clear,  but  probably  during  the 
minority  of  Sharington  Talbot,  the  grandson  of  Sir  Henry  Sharington. 

J  For  knowledge  of  these  Lacock  deeds  and  tianscripts  of  this  and  several 
others,  I  am  indebted  to  A.  Story-Maskelyne,  Esq.,  of  H.M.  Record  Office. 


168  Unpublished  Documents  relating  to  the 

the  house  of  Thorn's  Noble  *  srvnte  to  the  said  Sr  Will'm  Sharington  Whiche 
p'celles  were  delivered  to  the  said  Thorn's  Noble  by  the  Ladye  Sharington  and  the 
same  do  ap'teine  to  the  righte  honorable  Katherine  Duches  of  Sufr"  and  whiche 
the  said  Duches  delivered  to  the  said  Sr  Will'm  Sharington  in  gage  for  a  certaine 
some  of  money  That  is  to  saye  First  one  Brouche  of  gold  enameled  w1  vj  pictures 
and  foure  brode  table  Bal laces  f  Item  a  faier  Brouche  of  gold  enameled  wl  a 
Towne  or  Castell  and  diverse  pictures  w*  a  faier  rock  Rubie  in  the  fote  of  it. 
Item  a  Crosse  of  Diamoundes  set  in  golde  on  thone  side  and  on  thother  side  the 
Crosse  of  gold  black  enameled  and  iij  greate  peerles  hanging  on  the  same  Item 
a  greate  Table  Balace  sett  in  a  rounde  Scochin  of  golde  and  a  faier  peerle  hanginge 
on  thend  of  it.  Item  a  crosse  sett  w*  1'res  of  Jhesus  of  Diamonds  on  thone  side 
and  in  the  hier  p'te  thereof  a  foure  squared  Diamond  and  a  longe  Rubie  under- 
nethe  it,  and  three  peerles  hanging  on  the  fote  of  it.  Item  a  flower  of  golde  sett 
uppon  wl  1'res  black  enameled  uppon  golde  wrethidd  and  three  faier  pointed  dia. 
monds  in  the  same  and  three  faier  peerles  hanginge  on  the  fote  thereof  and  ther 
ap'eth  too  voide  places  in  the  same.  Item  a  Tablet  J  of  gold  enameled  of  the 
storie  of  Jacob  lieng  uppon  a  pillor  and  two  Aungelles  standing  on  a  Ladder  and 
a  greate  Table  Balace  under  his  elbowe  and  three  litle  table  diamounds  and  three 
litle  Rubies  set  abowte  the  bordur  of  that  side  the  tablet,  and  on  thother  side 
the  picture  of  a  woman  white  enameled  and  half  a  Lyon  of  golde  on  thone  side 
of  hir  and  a  sirpents  hedd  on  thother  side  and  two  veray  litle  peerles  on  the 
hedd  of  it  and  the  pioture  of  a  gentle  woman  livelye  sett  owte  w4n  the  said 
Tablet.  Item  a  round  Brouche  of  the  Storie  of  the  woman  Samaritan  set  owte 
w*  pictures  of  golde  and  diverse  litle  diamounds  and  Rubies  set  veray  flatte 
on  the  hedde  and  foute  of  the  same.  Item  a  Tablet  of  gold  braunchedd  and 
enameled  white  five  faier  Emerades  sett  on  thon  side  therof  and  wlin  the  saide 
Tablet  the  picture  of  the  Kinge  that  deade  is  on  thone  side  and  the  picture  of 
a  gentlewoman  on  thother  side  livelye  sett  owte.  Item  a  faier  square  Table 
Ballace  set  in  golde.  Item  a  faier  Brouche  wl  pictures  of  gold  black  enameled 
w*  xxiiij  litle  diamonds  sett  in  sundrie  places  emonges  the  said  pictures  Item 
a  faier  Brouche.  wl  diverse  pictures  sett  abowte  a  boorde  and  a  faier 
pointed  Saphire  sett  uppon  a  potte  of  gold  on  the  foote  thereof  and 
a  litle  Saphire  uppon  a  litle  potte  on  thoneside.  Item  a  faier  upper 
Billemente  §  of  fourtie  eight  Diamonds  sett  in  so  many  Roundles  of 


*  He  lived  at  Bewley  Court,  on  the  opposite  side  of  the  river  to  Lacock. 
"  Imprimis  Thomas  Nobull  holdythe  by  indenture  not  sealyd  nor  sygned  the 
gcite  of  the  manor  there  called  Bewlys  Cowrte  with  thappurtenances,"  etc. 
From  the  survey  of  the  Manor  of  Lacock,  and  other  manors,  August  31st, 
2  Ed.  VI.,  1548,  by  Stephen  Cole,  gentleman,  surveyor  and  steward,  under 
the  head  of  "  the  lands  and  tenements  late  bought  by  Sir  Wyllyam  Sharyngton 
knyght  of  Master  Dyrrell  (Darell)  in  Bewell  as  folowithe." 
t  Balays  :  ruby. — Halliwell. 

J  Tablet :  an  ornament  of  gold. — Baret's  Alvearie,  1580,  here  possibly  some 
kind  of  a  locket. 

§  See  above  note  J  on  "  Declaration."     Billaments  :  the  attire  or  ornaments 
of  a  woman's  head  or  necke.     Baret's  Alvearie. 


Arrest  of  Sir  William  Sharing  ton,  January,  1549,         169 

gold  the  most  parte  of  the  said  diamonds  being  pointed  and  some  Tabletts 
Item  faier  peir  of  Beads  of  faier  Agates  wl  litle  Knappes  of  gold  sett  betwene 
everie  of  the  said  stones  and  a  Tassell  of  golde  and  blacke  silke  sett  in  a 
Knappe  of  gold  white  enameled  in  the  toppe  thereof.  Item  a  Girdle  of  gold 
having  xxvij  litle  Rubies  sett  in  xxvij  Bullions*  of  gold  and  two  faier  litle 
peerles  sett  uppon  golde  betweene  the  said  Bullions  and  ther  ap'eth  in  one 
place  to  lack  two  peerles.  Item  a  Billemente  of  xxli  faier  litle  table  diamounds 
sett  in  Bullions  of  gold  black  enameled.  Item  an  under  Billemet  of  xxv  Rubies 
sett  in  litle  Bullions  of  gold  black  enameled.  Item  a  neck  lace  or  chaine  of 
litle  Knappes  of  gold  black  enameled  having  in  the  same  xxij  litle  Rock  Rubies 
and  xxj  faier  litle  peerles.  Item  an  under  Billimente  of  white  Satten  havinge 
in  the  same  xlj  faier  peerles  set  between  everie  of  them  w*  litle  Knappes  of 
golde  blacke  enameled  Item  a  neck  lace  or  Billemente  of  peerle  of  a  lesser 
sorte  cont'  iiijxxvij  peerles  Item  vij  Ropes  of  faier  Rounde  peerles  of  sev'all 
lengthe  and  severall  bignesse  sealed  together  w*  the  printe  of  a  mans  hedd 
on  thoneside  and  a  Beasts  hedd  on  thother  sidef  Item  a  Billemente  of  xxtt 
Rubies  sett  uppon  xxu  Bullions  of  gold  black  enameled  w*  peerles  settogether 
betweue  every  of  the  said  Bullions  and  the  same  sette  uppon  Black  Vellat 
Item  a  Billemente  of  x  faier  diamonds  and  xj  rock  Rubies  sett  in  xxj  Bullions 
of  gold  black  enameled  uppon  black  vellat.  And  the  said  Sr  William  hathe 
by  like  ordre  Receaved  of  the  said  lord  Treasorer  all  thes  obligacons  Billes 
and  Specialties  hereafter  ensueing  made  to  the  Sr  Willm  Sharington  by  sundrie 
psonnes  founde  at  the  house  of  the  same  Sr  Willm  at  Lacocke  aforesaid  which 
were  delivered  to  thands  of  the  said  Lorde  Treasorer  by  John  Perte  gent  as 
hereafter  at  lardge  is  couteined  that  is  to  saye  First  one  obligation  bearing 
date  the  vjth  of  January  anno  Henr'  viijvi  xxxviijvo  wherby  it  ap'eth  that  George 
Knighte  of  Bristowe  standeth  bounde  to  Sr  Willm  Sharington,  Knighte  in  the 
some  of  cc1'  for  the  pamente  of  cu  Item  one  other  obligacon  ....  the 
xxijth  of  Septembr  anno  Regis  Edwardi  Sexti  primo  ....  Nicholas 
Poynes  Knighte  and  Thorn's  Throckmerton  ....  in  three  hundreth 
markes_for  ....  two  hundreth  markes  Item  foure  other  severall 
obligacons  ....  xijth  of  Septembre  Edwardi  Sexti  primo  .... 
Edward  Baynton  J  oweth  unto  Sr  W.  S.  the  some  <3f  fowre  score  pounds 
Item  one  bill  ....  xiiij  of  Septembre  ....  primo  ....  Edwardi  Sexti 
Will'm  Coke  of  Lacock  oweth  ....  for  wolle  xvij",  xvj8,  whereof  is  alreadie  paid 
as  ap'eth  by  the  backe  of  the  said  Bill  xiju  Item  one  bill  .  _,_  .  .  viijth 
daye  of  Aprell  .  .  .  .  E.  Sexti  primo  ....  Thorns"  Shapman  of 
Bristowe  marchaunte  and  Ministre  unto  the  heires  of  Nicholas  Thome  and 
Company  of  the  said  Towne  hathe  receaved  of  Sr  W.  S:  three  hundrethe 
Fodder  of  Leade  at  cs  the  Fodder  amounting  to  a  thowsand  five  hundreth 
pounds  to  be  paide  in  four  yeares.  Item  one  Bill  ....  xviij  of  Julye 

*  Bullions  :  buttons  or  studs. — Halliwell. 

t  Probably  a  clasp  set  with  a  cameo,  representing  one  of  the  Janus-like  com- 
binations of  heads  not  uncommon  in  antique  gems,  e.g.,  Plato  and  Socrates, 
Dionysus  and  Aphrodite,  etc. 

J  Edward  Baynton,  of  Rowdon,  near  Chippenham. 


170  Unpublished  Documents  relating  to  Sir  William  Sharing  ton, 

anno  prirno  Edwardi  Sexti  ....  Henry  Bronker  of  Melkesham  .  . 
.  .  Wilteshere  hath  receaved  of  Sr  Willm  S.  before  hande  one  hundreth  and 
fourtie  pounds  for  the  price  of  certaine  Toddes  of  wolle  which  he  the  saide 
Sr  Willm  shall  receave  of  the  said  Ht-nry  Bronker  before  the  Feast  of  Sainte 
Michell  tharchaungell  nexte  after  the  date  of  the  said  Bill.  Item  a  L're  of  the 
Lorde  Adrniralles  ....  last  of  August  whereby  it  ap'eth  that  the  late 
Lorde  Admirall  maketh  request  unto  Sr.  W.  S.  for  the  paimente  of  one 
hundreth  pounde  to  be  delivered  unto  one  Roger  Barlowe  Item  a  L're  of 
Sr  Will'm  S.  bearing  date  the  fourthe  of  Septembre  wherby  it  ap'eth  that 
M1  Sharington  hath  appointed  wl  one  Mr  Cowdrington  for  the  paim1  of  the 
said  hundreth  pounds  to  the  said  Roger  Barlowe.  Item  one  obligacon  .  . 
.  .  fourth  of  tSeptembr'  anno  prinao  Regis  Edwardi  Sexti  ....  Henry 
Ostrige  of  Bristow  oweth  unto  the  late  Lorde  Admirall  ....  a  hundreth 
poundes.  Item  one  Bill  ....  vjth  of  Septembre,  1547,  whereby  it  ap'eth 
that  Henry  Ostrige  marchaunt  hath  receaved  of  Thomas  Shipman  by  three 
Bills  of  Exchaunge  foure  hundreth  ducketts  in  (?)  Hughe  Tipton  in  Calice.  Item 
a  Counterpayne  of  an  Indenture  of  Mr  Andrew  Bainton  *  bearing  date  the 
xxvjlh  of  Julye  a.  r.  Edwardi  Sexti  primo  mencioning  for  the  some  of  foure- 
score  pounde  the  Sale  of  all  thos  his  Mannours  messuages  landes  .... 
sett  lieing  and  beinge  in  Wroughton  and  Chesilden  in  the  Countie  of  Wiltes 
to  Sr  Willm  Sharington  and  his  heires  Item  one  Bill  bearing  date  the  xth  of 
Decembr'  in  the  Seconde  yeare  of  Kinge  Bdwarde  the  vjth  ....  that 
Nicholas  Snell  hath  receaved  of  Sr.  W.  S.  to  thuse  of  Andrew  Bainton  the 
some  of  a  hundreth  and  threescore  pounde  in  full  paiment  of  D  markes 
of  and  for  certaine  Bargaines  and  Covennts  dependenge  betwixt  the  Lord 
Seymore  and  the  said  Androwe  Bainton  Item  a  L're  of  the  late  Lorde  Ad- 
miralles  bearing  date  the  xxth  of  Novembr  1548  directed  to  the  Ladie 
Sharington  for  the  paimente  of  C  markes  to  Mr.  Androwe  Bainton.  In 
witness  whereof  the  parties  abovesaid  to  this  p'nte  Indenture  entrechaungeably 
have  put  to  their  seales  the  daye  and  yeare  above  written. 

(Sd.)  W.  WILTESHB? 


It  would  be  interesting  to  know  whether  any  of  these  jewels  can 
be  traced.  It  is  too  much,  perhaps,  to  hope  that  any  have  escaped 
the  melting-pot;  but  some  might  possibly  be  recognized  by  an 
examination  of  portraits  of  the  Duchess  of  Suffolk. 


*  Andrew  Bainton,  of  Bromham. 


171 


'otcs  on  ait  ttntosmieif  jJtoiw  Ckcle  at  Coatc, 
tuar  j 


By  A.  D.  PASSMOEE. 

remaining  stones  of  this  circle,  which  have  hitherto 
escaped  the  notice  of  archaeologists,  lie  immediately  in  front 
of  Day  House  Farm,  about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  village  of 
Coate  and  two  miles  from  Swindon.  They  are  now  not  at  all 
conspicuous,  as  they  are  all  lying  prostrate,  and  at  first  sight  they 
appear  quite  small,  but  on  investigation  with  an  iron  bar  I  found 
that  they  are  much  larger  than  they  appear  to  be,  the  greater 
portion  of  them  being  now  buried  under  the  turf,  for  though  none 


Sketch-plan  of  Circle  of  Stones  at  Day  House  Farm. 

of  them  stand  more  than  about  18in.  out  of  the  ground,  and  several 
of  them  only  just  show  above  the  surface,  yet  stone  No.  6  on  the 


172  Notes  on  an  undescribed  Stone  Circle  at  Coate,  near  Swindon. 

plan  I  found  to  be  some  9ft.  Gin.  long;  Nos.  3  and  5  are  over  6ft.; 
and  No.  1  is  about  5ft.  in  length. 

Stone  No.  1,  which  lies  beside  the  wall  of  the  cow-shed  on  the 
western  side  of  the  road,  seems  to  be  still  unbroken,  though  prostrate 
and  almost  buried,  as  are  also  the  next  three  stones — 2,  3,  and  4 — 
which  lie  in  the  grass  to  the  east  of  the  roadway.  The  distance 
(lift.)  between  3  and  4,  I  take  to  have  been  the  original  distance 
between  the  stones  all  round  when  the  circle  was  complete — In 
which  case  the  number  of  stones  would  have  been  about  thirty. 
The  circle,  however/ seems  to  have  been  irregular  in  shape,  and 
varies  in  its  diameter  from  north  to  south,  and  from  east  to  west. 
As  will  be  seen  from  the  plan,  the  cow-yards  and  rick-yards  occupy 
a  considerable  part  of  the  site  of  the  western  side  of  the  circle,  and 
here  only  one  stone  is  visible — No.  9,  in  the  rick-yard — and  that 
has  been  mutilated.  Doubtless  the  others,  being  here  more  in  the 
way,  have  been  broken  up  and  removed.  There  is  a  patch  of  old 
pavement  of  large  sarsen  stones  and  several  big  fragments  are  lying 
about  loose.  The  two  stones  7  and  8,  in  front  of  the  house,  are  the 
smallest  of  all,  and  between  these  and  6  there  is  a  wide  gap  which, 
after  hours  of  probing  with  an  iron  bar,  I  have  hitherto  failed  to  fill 
up.  I  have,  however,  proved  that  other  stones  once  existed  besides 
those  now  visible,  by  digging  into  the  depression  between  Nos.  4 
and  5,  and  finding  in  it  a  piece  of  burnt  sarsen  and  a  quantity  of 
white  ashes — probably  of  straw — clearly  pointing  to  the  fact  that 
a  stone  standing  here  has  been  broken  up. 

The  distances  between  the  stones  are : — from  1  to  2,  75ft. ;  from 
2  to  3,  58ft. ;  from  3  to  4,  lift. ;  from  4  to  5,  68ft. ;  from  5  to  6, 
30ft. ;  from  7  to  8,  17ft. ;  from  8  to  9,  67ft, ;  and  from  9  to  1,  70ft. 

In  the  large  grass  field  to  the  south-west  of  the  farm-house,  which 


4 


Three  Stones  near  Day  House  Farm, 
borders  on  the  reservoir,  at  a  distance  of  18  chains  from  the  circle 


By  A.  D.   Patsmore.  173 

already  described  are  the  three  sarsen  stones  standing  by  themselves 
in  the  middle  of  the  field,  of  which  a  plan  is  given.  Of  these  the 
one  to  the  eastward  is  a  very  large  stone  lying  on  its  side,  some  3ft. 
high  and  7ft.  long  above  ground.  The  other  two  are  comparatively 
small  stones,  but  have  evidently  been  broken  up.  The  distance 
between  the  stones  is  in  each  case  59ft,  measuring  from  the  outside 
of  the  stones.  These  stones,  as  they  stand,  have  much  the  ap- 
pearance of  having  formed  part  of  a  circle,  but  there  is  no  sign  of 
any  other  stones,  or  of  depressions  in  the  turf  from  which  other 
stones  may  have  been  removed.  Still,  an  old  man  informs  me  that 
he  remembers  many  large  stones  in  this  field  being  broken  up  in  his 
early  life,  and  he  rather  thinks  that  they  stood  in  a  circle.  His 
evidence,  however,  is  not  sufficiently  strong  to  build  upon. 

Near  the  stones  I  have  found  several  worked  flints  and  pottery  o£ 
rude  type. 

By  the  side  of  the  road  which  runs  in  front  of  Day  House  Farm 
and  passes  through  the  circle  first  mentioned  are  five  stones  which 
may  possibly  have  formed  part  of  an  avenue.  They  lie  in  a  line  to 
the  north  of  the  circle,  which,  if  continued,  would  cut  through  the 
circle  and  through  the  three  stones  beyond  it,  already  described. 
Several  of  these  are  stones  of  considerable  size,  though  only  just 
their  upper  surface  is  now  visible  as  they  lie  beside  the  road. 

The  first  of  these  stones  is  near  the  main  Swindon  Road,  on  the 
east  side  of  the  Day  House  Road.  The  other  four  lie  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  road,  or  in  the  ditch.  The  distance  between  the  first  and 
second  is  400ft.;  between  the  second  and  third,  191ft. ;  between 
the  third  and  fourth,  65ft. ;  and  the  same  distance  between  the  fourth 
and  fifth.  I  cannot  find  any  stone  nearer  to  the  circle  than  this 
last.  It  has  been  suggested  that  these  stones  are  tying  beside  the 
road  because  they  have  been  removed  from  the  cultivated  fields—- 
but a  stone  6ft.  long  is  such  an  awkward  thing  to  move  that  if  the 
only  object  was  to  get  rid  of  them  they  would  have  been  broken  up 
rather  than  drawn  to  the  roadside.  The  equal  distances,  too,  between 
the  third  and  fourth,  and  fourth  and  fifth  stones,  seem  to  point  to 
their  having  been  intentionally  placed  there. 

At  the  end  of  the  reservoir,  as  you  approach  it  from  Broome  Farm, 

VOL.   XXVII. — NO.    LXXX.  N 


174  Notes  on  Arcliaology. 

are  a  number  of  large  sarsens,  partly  under  water  when  the  reservoir 
is  full,  some  on  one  side  of  the  road  and  some  on  the  other.  An 
irregular  line  of  these  seems  to  follow  the  western  shore  of  the 
reservoir  for  some  distance,  but  it  is  impossible  to  make  out  any 
plan,  and  probably  they  are  really  nothing  but  a  natural  drift  of 
sarsens. 

At  Broome  Farm,  however,  which  is  close  by,  is  a  field  which  still 
retains  the  name  of  Longstone  Field.  Here  were  many  standing 
stones,  until  they  were  broken  up  and  carried  off  to  Cricklade. 
Stukeley  mentions  them  thus : — "  Longstones  at  Broome,  near 
Swindon,  Wilts,  is  a  great  high  stone  and  a  little  way  off  many 
lesser  ones  in  a  row." 

At  Hodson,  about  one  and  a  half  miles  from  Day  House  Farm, 
I  have  noticed  a  number  of  sarsens,  which  may  or  may  not  have 
formed  part  of  a  circle,  and  from  them  a  line  of  stones  seems  to  lead 
in  the  direction  of  Coate. 

In  conclusion,  I  must  express  my  thanks  to  Mr.  W.  Handy,  the 
tenant  of  Day  House  Farm,  for  the  kind  way  in  which  he  has 
allowed  me  to  explore  his  fields. 


on 


A  SUGGESTED  USE  FOR  "  INCENSE  CUPS." 


The  Society's  Museum  possesses  a  varied  and  interesting  series  of  the  small 
vessels  of  burnt  clay,  which  have,  in  the  absence  of  exact  information,  been 
spoken  of  as  "  Incense  Cups."  I  venture  to  suggest  that  they  were  used  by  the 
Ancient  Britons  for  the  very  homely  but  important  purpose  of  containing  the 
material— whether  dried  moss,  dried  fungus,  or  other  kind  of  tinder — used  in 
obtaining  fire. 


Notes  on  Archaology .  175 

They  have,  without  exception,  a  pair  of  holes  bored  on  one  side,  about  half- 
an-inch  apart. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  these  were  intended  for  suspension  ;  may  they  not, 
more  probably,  have  been  the  orifices  through  which  a  cord  was  passed  to  tie  on 
the  cover  ?  An  example  from  Lambourne,  Berks,  now  in  the  British  Museum, 
has  a  lid  of  the  same  ware  as  the  cup  itself,  and  ornamented  with  a  corresponding 
pattern,  and  in  both  cup  and  cover  there  are  two  holes,  the  same  distance  apart, 
through  which  the  string  was  probably  passed  to  fasten  on  the  cover. 

None  of  these  cups  in  the  Society's  Museum  have  covers.  It  is  probable  that 
the  Lambourne  cup  is  the  only  one  known  with  this  appendage  preserved ;  but 
lids  of  wood  may  have  been  used,  which  have  decayed  in  the  progress  of  the 
centuries. 

It  is  evident  that  the  cups  could  not  be  used  for  holding  incense,  or  any  other 
similar  substance,  if  suspended  from  holes  on  one  side. 

W.   CUNNINGTON. 

[A  circumstance  which  seems  to  militate  against  Mr.  Cunnington's  theory  is 
the  fact  that  in  most  cases  the  perforations  in  these  little  cups  are  not  near  the 
tipper  edge  of  the  vessel,  as  one  would  fancy  that  they  would  be  if  the  string 
passing  through  them  was  to  serve  as  a  hinge  for  the  lid,  but  an  inch  or  more, 
that  is  to  say,  one-third  of  the  way  down  the  side  of  the  vessel. — ED.] 


MEDLEVAL  BELL  AT  KEMBLE, 

A  Pre-Reformation  bell  exists  at  Kemble,  which  is  not  mentioned  by  Mr.  Lukis 
In  his  list  of  the  bells  of  Wilts.  The  height  of  the  bell  is  2ft.,  and  the  diameter 
of  the  mouth  2ft.  Gin.  The  inscription  reads  : — 

Jhmrtr  £jm-itu£  after  write  gratia. 

The  centre  word  is  difficult  to  decipher,  a  rubbing  was  submitted  to  Dr.  Cox, 
Editor  of  the  Antiquary,  who  reads  it  as  above. 

C.  E.  PONTING. 


OPENING  OF  Two  BARROWS  ON  LIDDINGTON  WARREN  FARM, 
N.  WILTS,  1893. 


The  first  barrow  opened  is  close  to  a  green  road  leading  from  Shepherd's  Rest 
to  Marlborough.  It  is  a  bowl-shaped  barrow,  and  as  it  has  been  ploughed  over 
for  many  years  it  has  spread  over  a  considerable  space,  its  diameter  from  north 
to  south  being  about  68ft.,  and  from  east  to  west  80ft.,  whilst  its  height  is  now 
only  about  4ft. 

A  trench  was  started  on  the  south-east  side,  and  at  13ft.  from  the  centre  the 

N  2 


176  Notes  on  Archaeology. 

edge  of  a  cairn  of  sarsens  was  reached,  3ft.  in  depth  and  built  np  on  the  original 
surface-level.  The  stones  were  so  evenly  built  in  that  it  was  with  difficulty  that 
a  pickaxe  could  be  forced  between  them.  Following  these  along  they  were  found 
to  rise  within  Gin.  of  the  surface  of  the  tumulus.  When  these  had  been  removed 
to  a  depth  of  4ft.  the  original  chalk  level  was  reached,  when  a  cist  was  found  in 
the  centre  full  of  burnt  bones,  on  the  top  of  which  was  the  rim  of  an  imperfectly 
burnt  urn,  and  a  small  turned  conical  button  pierced  under  its  base  in  pulley 
fashion  with  a  hole  for  the  string,  apparently  of  Kimmeridge  shale,  similar  in 
shape  to  specimens  now  in  the  Stourhead  Collection  at  Devizes. 

The  second  barrow  lies  in  a  ploughed  field  near  the  6th  milestone  from  Swindon 
on  the  Hungerford  Road.  It  seems  really  to  consist  of  two  barrows  joined 
together.  A  trench  was  dug  in  the  easternmost  of  the  two,  beginning  on  the 
south-east  side.  At  3ft.  from  the  centre  the  bottom  of  an  "  incense  cup " 
was  discovered,  and  when  within  1ft.  of  the  centre  the  chalk  on  the  original 
surface  level  was  found  to  be  of  a  dirty  brown  colour  and  was  rammed  down  so 
hard  that  the  pickaxe  would  hardly  enter  it.  On  the  surface  of  this  chalk,  and 
not  in  a  cist,  under  the  centre  of  the  barrow  was  a  heap  of  burnt  bones.  Nothing 
else  was  found. 

A.  D.  PASSMOBE, 

Swindon. 


SKELETONS  AT  KINGSTON  DEVERILL. 


Whilst  digging  a  pit  for  the  purpose  of  chalking  some  land  on  Kingston 
Deverill  Down  about  1853,  several  skeletons  were  found  a  slight  distance  under 
the  surface — there  having  been  previously  no  tumulus  or  any  sign  on  the  surface 
of  the  interment  below.  The  exact  spot  is  the  chalk  pit  nearest  Mere  Down 
Farm  on  the  right-hand  side  of  the  road  going  towards  Kingston,  about  53  yards 
from  the  highway.  The  man  who  found  them  said  that  the  skeletons  were 
ranged  round  with  their  feet  together.  A  number  of  "  loom  weights  "  of  chalk 
were  found  with  them.  These  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Rev.  D.  M.  Clerk, 
who  gave  them,  I  believe,  to  the  Salisbury  Museum. 

T.  H.  BAKER, 

Mere  Down. 


FIND  OF  ROMAN  COINS  AT  MERE  CEMETERY  IN  1856. 


The  following  account  of  this  discovery,  which  seems  never  to  have  been 
noted  in  the  Magazine,  is  taken  from  a  MS.  note-book  belonging  to  the  late 
Rev.  D.  M.  Clerk,  Rector  of  Kingston  Deverill,  who  died  1893,  now  in  my 


Notes  on  Archeology.  177 

possession  :— "  On  the  26th  October,  1856,  some  workmen  engaged  in  draining 
a  piece  of  ground,  a  little  to  the  south  of  Mere,  which  is  intended  for  a  new 
cemetery,  came  upon  a  vase  of  coarse  pottery.  The  vase  was  unfortunately 
broken  by  their  tools,  and  though  I  have  seen  some  fragments  I  have  been 
unable  to  make  out  even  its  shape.  It  contained  Roman  denarii  to  the  number 
of  about  two  hundred  and  seventy,  as  near  as  I  can  ascertain.  The  following 
memoranda  contains  a  catalogue  and  description  of  two  hundred  and  twenty 
forwarded  to  the  office  of  the  Duchy  of  Cornwall,  besides  seven  others  that 
had  been  offered  for  sale  or  were  in  the  hands  of  persons  in  the  neighbourhood. 
Those  coins  which  have  passed  through  my  hands  are  for  the  most  part  much 
worn,  coins  of  the  latest  date  (as  might  be  supposed)  the  least  so ;  scarcely  one, 
except  the  very  latest,  would  be  called  by  collectors  '  very  fine.'  There  are  some 
interesting  reverses,  but  on  the  whole  none  of  the  coins  appear  to  be  of  any  great 
value.  The  most  remarkable  thing  concerning  the  hoard  is  that  there  are  com- 
paratively speaking  very  few  duplicates,  the  reverses  almost  all  vary  even  where 
the  type  is  somewhat  the  same.  The  earliest  coin  dates  A.D.  65 ;  the  latest, 
A.D.  166— thus  covering  one  hundred  years.  The  following  is  a  summary  of 
them  : — Nero,  one  ;  Galba,  one ;  Vitellius,  one ;  Vespasian,  seventeen  ;  Titus, 
three  ;  Domitian,  twenty-one ;  Nerva,  seven  ;  Trajan,  fifty-six ;  Hadrian,  sixty ; 
Sabina,  eight ;  JElius  (Caesar),  two ;  M.  Antoninus,  twenty-eight ;  Faustina, 
Sen.,  ten  ;  M.  Aurelius.  thirteen  ;  Faustina,  Jun.,  four."  The  catalogue  which 
follows  contains  a  full  and  accurate  description  of  the  one  hundred  and  seventy- 
four  different  varieties  of  which  the  coins  consisted. 

T.  H.  BAKER, 

Mere  Down. 


FIND  OF  COINS  AT  BRADENSTOKE. 


Several  Roman  coins  have  been  lately  found  near  the  abbey,  amongst  them 
third  brass  coins  of  Gallienus  (dr.  253  A.D.),  Constantius  II.  (317—361),  and 
Yalentinian  I.  (364  A.D.).  Also  some  of  the  well-known  Nuremberg  tokens- 
one  of  them  with  the  device  of  a  man  seated  at  a  table  apparently  using  the 
tokens  in  counting — a  purpose  for  which  some  authorities  believe  these  tokens 
were  chiefly  used. 

E.  C.  TBEPPLIN. 


ROMANO- BRITISH  PIT  AT  GORTON,  HILMARTON. 


In  January,  1880,  as  some  labourers  were  cutting  a  deep  drain  from  the  iron 
stone  quarry  immediately  outside  the  rickyard  of  Corton  Farm,  they  came  upon 


178  Notes  on  Arcfiaology. 

several  flattish  sarsen  stones  which  may  have  been  the  covers  of  a  pit  some  8  or 
9ft.  deep.  This  pit,  of  which  there  was  no  indication  on  the  surface,  contained  a 
quantity  of  rag  stones  which  seemed  to  be  partially  in  situ  still  as  the  lining  of 
the  sides.  A  number  of  fragments  of  potter}'  found  amongst  the  stones,  and  a 
quantity  of  animal  bones  found  at  the  bottom  of  the  pit,  were  some  time  ago 
submitted  to  General  Pitt- Rivers,  who  reported  on  them  as  follows  :— "  The 
pottery  is  no  doubt  Romano-British.  There  is  one  fragment  of  Sauiian  of 
inferior  quality  but  probably  imported  ;  and  fragments  of  Romano- British 
imitation  Samian.  There  is  one  fragment  of  basin-shaped  rim  with  upright 
ridge,  which  was  common  in  all  these  villages  (near  Rushmore),  and  has  been 
found  by  Mr.  Mansel  Pleydell  in  the  ancient  kilns  at  Bagber,  Dorset.  It  is 
the  ordinary  form  of  vessel  at  Silchester. 

"  Most  of  the  fragments  are  of  the  ordinary  black-brown  quality  found  in  all 
the  Romano-British  villages  here,  and  in  the  kilns  at  Bagber,  where  it  appears 
to  have  been  made.  One  small  fragment  resembles  the  quality  '  E  '  that  was 
found  in  both  sections  of  Wansdyke,  and  which  will  be  described  in  my  Vol.  III. 
of  Excavations,  that  is  just  coming  out.  Several  fragments  resemble  the  quality 
R '  of  the  sections  in  Wansdyke,  viz.,  red  outside  and  in,  and  generally  grey  in 
the  interior  of  the  substance.  There  can  be  no  doubt,  therefore,  I  think,  that 
your  well  is  of  the  same  period  or  earlier  than  the  Wansdyke.  The  ordinary 
pottery  appears  rather  harder  than  the  average  from  the  villages  :  this  may 
perhaps  be  owing  to  the  preservation  of  it  in  the  deposit  in  the  well.  It  is  not 
enough,  in  my  opinion,  to  cause  a  distinction.  Great  care  is  necessary  in 
identifying  the  fragments  of  pottery.  You  cannot  go  by  colour,  which  depends 
a  good  deal  on  the  baking,  and  the  same  vessel  may  vary  in  colour  in  different 
places,  so  that  the  black -brown  and  red  may  in  reality  be  the  same  pottery. 

"  The  only  measurable  bones  are  : — 1,  fragment  of  skull  of  ox  ;  2,  humerus  of 
ox ;  3,  metacarpus  of  horse ;  4,  metatarsus  of  horse  ;  5,  metatarsus  of  deer, 
Cervus  elaphus. 

"  The  calculation  of  stature  from  the  skull  of  the  ox  gives  an  approximate 
height  at  the  shoulder  of  4ft.  3in.,  about  the  size  of  our  modern  Pembroke  ox, 
and  considerably  larger  than  the  ordinary  Romano-British  ox  of  these  parts, 
which  was  3ft.  Sin.  to  3ft.  5in.,  viz.,  about  the  height  of  our  modern  Kerry  cow, 
But  as  the  estimate  could  only  be  made  from  one  measurement  of  the  skull,  viz. 
the  maximum  bi-orbital  width,  it  is  not  very  reliable.  I  should  say  that  the 
calculation  from  the  minimum  inter  orbital  width  gives  a  stature  of  3ft.  llin., 
but  this  also  is  not  very  reliable. 

"The  humerus  of  ox  gives  a  height  at  the  shoulder  of  3ft.  llin.,  which  is 
about  the  size  of  our  Alderney  cow,  and  a  little  larger  than  the  average  Romano- 
British  ox.  This  calculation  is  only  approximate,  as  the  bone  is  a  little  reduced 
in  length,  and  its  original  length  had  to  be  judged. 

"The  metacarpus  of  horse  gives  a  height  at  the  shoulder  of  12  hands  3in., 
and  the  metatarsus  gives  a  height  of  12  hands  2Un.,  which  is  about  the  size  of 
our  New  Forest  pony,  aud  is  also  the  size  of  the  Romano-British  horse  of  these 
parts.  These  measurements  of  horse  are  both  quite  reliable. 

"  I  have  no  test  animals  by  which  to  calculate  the  height  of  the  red  deer  from 
the  metatarsus,  but  it  is  rather  a  small  red  deer." 

C.  V.  GODDAED. 


Notes  on  Archaeology.  179 

OLD  STAINED  GLASS  IN  CLYFPE  PYPARD  CHURCH. 


It  sf  ems  worth  while  to  note  the  fact  that  several  small  panels  of  ancient  glass 
have  lately  been  inserted  in  two  of  the  windows  of  the  north  aisle  of  Clyffe 
Pypard  Church.  The  whole  of  this  glass  (except  the  circular  panel  of  the  Virgin 
and  Child)  was  collected  by  the  late  Mr.  J.  E.  Nightingale,  F.S.A.,  probably  on 
the  Continent— and  after  his  death  was  given  to  myself. 

In  the  centre  light  of  the  window  to  the  west  of  the  north  door  is  a  panel  made 
up  of  pieces  of  13th  century  Grisaille  glass,  very  like  the  original  glass  of 
Salisbury  Cathedral.  This  glass  is  very  thick  and  on  the  outside  is  corroded 
into  holes,  precisely  resembling  those  on  worm-eaten  wood.  Below  this  is  a 
beautiful  panel  of  probably  16th  century  German  work,  representing  the  donor  : — 

"Comatr  ^r^rr  pfarm  |tt  Htlrtjfcrnj" 

kneeling  before  St.  John,  who  bears  in  his  arms  the  Agnus  Dei,  to  which  he 
points.  In  the  background  is  a  lovely  little  landscape  view  of  an  old  walled, 
towered,  and  spired  town— doubtless  Conrad's  home  ;  at  the  base  of  the  panel  is 
a  shield  of  arms,  or,  two  bendlets  gules. 

In  the  western  light  of  this,  window  there  is  a  single  piece  of  good  early 
glass,  perhaps  of  the  14th  century — figured  with  a  leaf.  This  is  very  thick  and 
deeply  corroded.  Below  this  is  a  small  panel  of  late  Flemish  (?)  work,  perhaps 
1 7th  century,  representing  Abraham  bidding  farewell  to  Hagar  and  Ishmael.  In 
the  background  Isaac  and  Ishmael  are  quarrelling,  and  Sarah  is  going  to  the 
rescue  of  her  son. 

The  eastern  light  has  a  very  fine  bit  of  early  blue  glass — thick  and  corroded — 
perhaps  of  Italian  make — above,  and  below,  the  crowned  head  of  a  saint  with  a 
border  made  up  of  fragments  of  ancient  glass  put  together.  This  head  may  be 
of  loth  century  work. 

In  the  window  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  north  door  the  centre  light  has  a 
comparatively  modern  panel  of  the  Saviour  falling  under  the  cross,  above,  and  a 
beautiful  circular  panel  of  the  Crucifixion  below,  St.  John  and  the  Virgin  beside 
the  cross,  and  four  angels  catching  the  blood  from  the  wounds.  This  is  probably 
late  15th  century  Flemish  work.  In  the  eastern  compartment  is  a  similar  round 
panel,  also  of  Flemish  work  of  about  1500,  with  the  Virgin  enthroned,  and  the 
Christ  standing  on  her  lap.  The  western  compartment  has  a  round  panel  of  very 
good  work  of  perhaps  twenty  or  thirty  years  later,  also  probably  Flemish— the 
subject  of  which  is  Judith  and  Holofernes.  The  camp,  the  city  in  the  back- 
ground, the  soldiers,  Judith  with  the  head  of  Holofernes  in  her  hand,  and  her 
maid  holding  the  bag  to  receive  it,  are  depicted  with  great  delicacy.  There  are 
a  few  other  quarries  and  fragments  of  15th  century  glass.  All  the  glass  here 
referred  to  has  been  inserted  in  the  lower  part  of  the  windows.  The  fragments 
of  glass  in  the  heads  of  these  windows,  as  of  others  throughout  the  Church,  are 
remnants  of  the  original  glass  of  the  Church — somewhat  coarse  early  l(5th 
century  work. 

E.    H.    GODDAKD. 


180  Notes  on  Archaeology. 

OAK-TREE  COFFIN  AT  CHRISTIAN  MALFORD. 


The  walls  of  the  south  porch  of  Christian  Malford  Church  having  for  some 
time  shown  signs  of  settlement,  they  have  lately  been-  underpinned  and  repaired. 
During  this  process  a  curious  coffin  made  from  the  hollowed-out  trunk  of  an 
oak  tree  was  found  under  the  foundations,  which  were  of  large  boulder  stones, 
at  a  depth  of  about  4ft.  Fragments  were  found  of  thinner  board,  with  which 
the  coffin  appeared  to  have  been  lined  [?].  The  coffin,  presumably  of  great 
age,  was  crushed  by  the  pressure  of  the  walls  over  it,  and  was  broken  to 
pieces  in  the  digging  out  the  new  foundations.  The  porch  is  of  15th  century 
date. 

E.  C.  TBEPPLIN. 


RECOVERY  01  AN  ANCIENT  BRASS  AT  SALISBURY. 

A  small  "  brass,"  or  rather  copper  plate,  has  recently  been  placed  on  the 
north  wall  in  the  inside  of  the  tower  of  St.  Edmuud's  Church,  near  the  door 
leading  to  the  belfry,  which  deserves  to  be  mentioned.  It  appears  to  have 
once  been  inserted  in  stone,  and  was  probably  taken  from  a  vault  beneath  St. 
Edmund's  Church  where  lie  the  remains  of  Henry  Dove,  formerly  Mayor  of 
Salisbury.  It  had  come  into  the  possession  of  a  person  living  near  Andover, 
who  informed  Dr.  H.  P.  Blackmore,  Hon.  Director  of  the  Blackmore  Museum, 
of  it.  Dr.  Blackmore  informed  the  Rector  of  St.  Edmund's,  the  Rev.  J.  D. 
Morrice,  and  through  his  liberality  it  was  purchased  and  replaced  in  the  Church. 

The  copper  plate  measures  9in.  by  7in. ;  it  appears  to  have  been  originally 
gilded,  and  has  engraved  upon  it  the  arms  of  the  City  of  New  Sarum, 
surmounted  by  a  dove  bearing  an  olive  branch  in  its  beak,  and  with  its  right 
foot  holding  a  sword,  supposed  to  be  the  crest  of  Henry  Dove.  The  in- 
scription, which  is  on  either  side  of  the  shield  of  arms,  reads  as  follows  :— 

HENET   DOVE   DYED   MAIOE 
OF   SALI8BVET.   AN0.   DO    1616. 
J3TAT.   57.  AVGV8T   24. 

Underneath  this  is  the  outline  of  a  large  altar  tombstone  with  a  skull  and 
an  hour-glass  placed  upon  it  on  either  side  of  the  city  arms,  and  bearing  these 
lines  upon  its  front : — 

"  I,  voyd  of  gall,  this  cities  sword  did  sway  : 
As  God  freely  confer'd  the  same  on  me  ; 

Soe  I,  (before  my  full  prsefixed  day) 

Resign'd  the  same  againe  unto  God  free. 

In  Peace  I  liv'd,  in  Peace  I  did  depart ; 
Now  in  seternal  Peace  I  have  my  part." 


Notes  on  Archeology.  181 

Henry  Dove  was  elected  Mayor  in  1615,  and  according  to  Hatcher's  Salisbury, 
p.  697,  died  August  20th,  1616,  during  his  year  of  office,  and  was  succeeded 
by  Richard  Godfrey.  The  Dove  family  was  connected  with  Salisbury  for  a 
considerable  time,  one  Peter  Dove,  of  St.  Edmund's,  is  mentioned  in  a  list 
of  the  gentry  of  Salisbury  in  1565.  Others  of  the  family,  Francis,  John,  and 
William,  took  an  active  part  on  the  Parliamentary  side  in  the  Civil  War. 

John  Dove  was  High  Sheriff  for  Wilts  in  1655. 

Robert  and  Thomas  Dove,'in  all  probability  sons  of  Henry  Dove,  the  Mayor^ 
graduated  at  Magdalen  Hall,  Oxford,  and,  having  taken  holy  orders,  were 
Vicars,  in  succession,  of  Elm,  in  the  County  of  Cambridge. 

C.   W.    HOLQATE. 


BOOKS  AND  ARTICLES  ON  WILTSHIRE. 


Stonehenge.  In  the  Illustrated  Archaeologist  for  September  there  is  an 
article  on  Stonehenge  by  Mr.  Edgar  Barclay,  in  which  he  calls  attention  to  a 
point  which  he  maintains  has  been  overlooked  by  all  writers  on  the  subject — with 
one  exception — the  significance  of  the  short  stone  in  the  south  side  of  the  outer 
circle.  Professor  Flinders  Petrie  is  the  exception.  He  notices  this  short  stone, 
but  regards  it  as  an  evidence  that  the  outer  circle  was  never  properly  finished, 
and  that  material  became  scarce  before  the  work  was  completed.  Mr.  Barclay, 
on  the  other  hand,  maintains  that  the  difference  in  size  of  this  stone  from  that  of 
all  the  other  uprights  of  the  outer  circle  was  not  an  accident,  but  a  part  of  the 
original  design  of  the  building,  that  there  must  have  been  at  this  point  a  break 
in  the  lintel  ring — for  this  stone  could  have  had  no  lintel  on  the  top  of  it— 
and  that  its  position,  due  south  of  the  southern  trilithon,  marked  the  original 
entrance  to  the  temple.  In  support  of  his  contention  that — contrary  to  the 
received  belief— there  was  an  opening  in  the  circle  here,  he  argues  that  it  is 
very  unlikely  that  the  presence  of  the  short  stone  is  due  to  the  fact  that  the 
builders  could  not  find  one  of  the  proper  size,  for  the  uprights  on  either  side 
of  it,  that  on  the  east  still  standing  and  that  on  the  west  lying  prostrate,  are 
both  of  the  same  size  as  the  other  stones  of  the  circle,  and  in  both  the  tenons 
to  hold  the  lintels  are  clearly  to  be  seen. 

Mr.  Barclay  further  argues  that  the  design  and  proportions  of  the  structure 
prove  that  the  whole  of  it  was  erected  at  one  time,  and  his  final  contention 
is,  "That  Stonehenge  is  not  of  Prehistoric  antiquity,  but  was  raised  immediately 
after  the  first  shock  of  the  Roman  conquest  upon  the  downfall  of  Druidism, 
by  the  Britons  under  the  leadership  of  their  native  chieftains— and  that  the 
temple  was  erected  in  a  locality  consecrated  from  time  immemorial  as  a  burial 
ground  of  the  race." 

To  Blade  and  White  for  March  25th,  1893,  Mr.  A.  P.  Sinnett  contributed 
an  illustrated  article,  under  the  title  of  a  "  New  Theory  of  Stonehenge."  In 
this  he  impartially  pours  contempt  on  the  theory  of  the  Post-Roman  origin 
of  Stonehenge,  as  propounded  by  Fergusson,  and  on  the  older  theory  that  it 
was  erected  by  the  Britons  before  the  advent  of  the  Romans.  "  Where  is  the 


Notes  on  Archeology. 

sense,"  he  asks,  "  of  supposing  that  semi-savage  Britons  ....  would 
go  to  the  infinite  trouble  of  dragging  huge  blocks  of  stone  all  across  England 
to  be  used  in  a  building  close  to  quarries  \_sic~]  containing  any  quantity  of 
stone  just  as  good  from  the  builder's  point  of  view?"  He  goes  on  to  maintain 
that  uncivilised  barbarians  never  could  have  erected  the  megalithic  monuments 
of  the  world — such,  for  instance,  as  the  cap  stone  of  a  dolmen  at  Constantine, 
in  Cornwall,  which,  on  the  authority  of  Higgins,  he  tells  us  weighs  750  tons ! 
The  very  idea  he  says  is  absurd.  The  only  rational  explanation  of  their  origin 
is  that  they  are  the  work  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  lost  continent  of  Atlantis, 
to  whom  also  the  civilization  of  Yucatan  on  the  one  hand  and  Egypt  on  the 
other  owe  their  existence.  This,  so  far  at  least  as  Central  America  is  con- 
cerned, has  been,  Mr.  Siunett  tells  us,  put  beyond  doubt  by  the  deciphering — 
by  an  American  savant,  Mr.  E.  J.  Howell— of  "a  certain  Troano  MS."  in 
which  "  the  submergence  of  the  last  piece  of  the  now  lost  continent  is  said 
to  have  taken  place  8,060  years  'before  the  writing  of  this  book/  and  the 
population  sacrificed  on  that  occasion  is  estimated  as  having  been  sixty-four 
millions."  The  thanks  of  all  persons  in  want  of  new  material  for  "  theories •" 
are  certainly  due  to  the  writer  of  this  article, 

Salisbury  Museum.  The  Antiquary  for  September  has  a  well- written 
article,  by  Mr.  J.  Ward,  F.S.A.,  on  the  (Salisbury  and  South  Wilts  Museum, 
dealing  with  its  archa3ological  contents  ;  this  is  followed  in  the  October  number 
by  a  second  article  from  the  same  pen  on  the  Blackmore  portion  of  the  Museum, 
calling  attention  to  the  excellence  of  its  arrangement,  as  well  as  to  the  unique 
value  of  the  collection  of  stone  implements  housed  therein. 

Castle  Eaton.  The  August  number  of  the  Leisure  Sour  contains  a 
good  illustrated  article,  entitled  "Upon  the  Upper  Thames,"  by  Miss  E. 
Boyer-Brown,  dealing  with  Castle  Eaton  and  its  neighbourhood  and  the  dialect 
of  that  part  of  Wilts. 

George  Herbert  and  Bemerton.  The  sermon  and  lecture  delivered  on 
the  occasion  of  the  recent  celebration  at  Bemerton  of  the  tercentenary  of 
George  Herbert's  birth,  by  Canons  Kingsbury  and  Swayne,  together  with  a 
short  account  of  Bemerton  by  the  late  J.  E.  Nightingale,  a  paper  on  St. 
Andrew's  Church,  by  C.  E.  Ponting,  and  a  memoir  of  John  Norris,  Hector  of 
Bemerton,  by  the  Rev.  J.  H.  Overton,  have  been  collected  and  published  lately 
in  pamphlet  form,  making  an  interesting  memorial  of  the  tercentenary. 

Truffle  Hunting.  The  November  number  of  the  English  Illustrated 
Magazine  has  an  article  entitled  "A  Painless  Hunt,"  descriptive  of  truffle 
hunting  on  Salisbury  Plain. 

Marlborough  College  is  described  in  the  September  and  October  numbers 
of  the  Ludgate  Monthly  Magazine,  by  W.  C.  Sargent,  and  the  articles  are 
excellently  illustrated  with  views  of  the  college  buildings,  portraits  of  the 
masters,  and  other  subjects  connected  with  the  college. 


183 


on  |fatmkal  flistorg. 


MALFORMATION  OF  PEA- FLOWERS, 


Early  in  July,  1893,  some  specimens  of  pea-flowers,  grown  in  the  Broad  Town 
allotments,  were  shown  to  me  in  which  the  whole  inflorescence  was  altered. 
There  were  no  coloured  petals,  the  parts,  though  small  and  shrivelled,  being  of  a 
healthy  green.  I  sent  a  specimen  to  Kew,  and  it  was  decided  there  that  the 
malformation  was  due  to  a  microscopic  mite  of  the  genus  Phytoptus.  On 
reference  to  Miss  Ormerod's  standard  work  I  find  that  this  mite  has  heen  noted 
upon  birch  trees  in  Savernake  Forest,  and  also  upon  black  currants  and  nuts, 
causing  abortive  growth  of  the  leaf-buds,  but  there  is  no  mention  of  its  occur- 
ence  on  the  pea. 

G.  J.  HILL, 

Wootton  Bassett. 


ELECTRICAL  PHENOMENA. 


In  the  Western  Gazette,  Friday,  July  8th,  1881,  a  curious  incident  of  the 
severe  storm  of  Tuesday,  the  5th,  is  related  : — "At  Wincanton,  about  2  o'clock, 
Mr.  Galpin,  of  Horwood,  was  in  a  hay  field  with  a  pitching  fork,  which  he  was 
holding  with  the  prongs  upwards,  when  he  observed  the  interesting  phenomenon- 
known  as  St.  Elmo's  fire.  A  steady  light,  like  the  flame  of  a  tiny  candle,  was- 
seen  on  each  point  of  the  prong,  and  a  cramping  sensation,  like  that  experienced 
on  the  reception  of  the  electric  current  from  an  electrifying  machine  was  felt  in1 
the  hand  which  held  the  stem  of  the  fork." 

A  somewhat  similar  phenomenon  was  observed  by  my  brother,  Ernest  Baker,, 
in  1869,  and  was  described  by  him  in  Notes  and  Queries  (February  6th,  186J>, 
4th  Series,  III.),  as  follows,  asking  for  some  satisfactory  explanation  of  it, 
which  he  never  received  : — "On  Friday,  Dec.  18th,  at  about  6.45,  p.m.,  I  was 
riding  over  the  downs  to  Mere,  when  there  suddenly  appeared  on  my  horse's 
head  five  lights,  one  on  each  ear  larger  than  the  rest,  about  the  size  of  the  flame 
of  a  small  taper,  of  a  bluish  colour  ;  two  on  the  left  eyebrow,  and  one  on  the 
right ;  these  were  like  glow-worms,  or  as  if  you  had  rubbed  the  parts  with 
phosphorus.  It  was  pitch  dark,  with  a  steady  rain  falling  ;  yet,  while  the  lights 
lasted  (which  was  while  I  rode  upwards  of  a  quarter  of  a  mile),  I  could  see  the 
buckles  on  the  bridle.  There  had  been  thunder  and  lightning  in  the  afternoon. 


184  Notes  on  Natural  Hi&tory. 

I  rode  steadily,  trying  to  make  out  what  it  could  be ;  when  it  disappeared  as 
suddenly  as  it  came.  The  horse  was  taken  from  the  stable,  and  had  only  travelled 
half  a  mile  ;  it  did  not  perspire  in  the  least." 

T.  H.  BAKEB, 

Mere  Down. 


OCCURRENCE  OF  WHITE  MICE. 


With  reference  to  this,  the  Vicar  of  Broad  Town  writes  : — "Several  years  ago 
my  son  brought  from  school  a  pair  of  white  mice  which  he  kept  in  his  bedroom. 
To  my  joy  they  escaped.  Some  two  or  three  years  afterwards  Mr.  William  Price 
was  threshing  a  rick  in  his  yard,  at  no  great  distance  from  the  vicarage,  and 
destroyed  a  large  number  of  mice,  amongst  others  a  quantity  of  white  ones.  We 
always  thought  these  were  the  descendants  of  my  son's  pair." 


OCCURRENCE  OP  THE  GADWALL  AT  STOCKTON. 


With  reference  to  the  gad  wall  (Anas  strepera),  which  many  Members  of  the 
Society  saw  at  Stockton  House,  Mr.  Ashley  Dodd  writes  :— "  I  shot  the  gadwall 
which  you  saw  in  the  Justice  Room  at  Stockton  House,  on  the  7th  January,  1893, 
within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  the  house.  The  bird  was  one  of  three,  and  one  of 
the  others  was  certainly  an  ordinary  mallard,  for  I  got  him  with  the  second 
barrel.  The  man  who  picked  up  the  birds  said  I  had  got  a  duck  and  a  drake, 
and  it  was  not  until  I  returned  home  that  I  knew  that  I  had  got  a  prize. 
Having  shot  several  in  Egypt  of  course  I  recognised  it  at  once." 

G.  ASHLEY  DODD. 

[Mr.  Smith,  in  his  Birds  of  Wilts,  only  mentions  one  specimen  of  this  duck 
as  having  occurred  in  Wilts.  This  was  shot  at  Amesbury  in  1871.—  ED.] 


STORMY  PETREL  AT  RUSHALL. 


In  the  Devizes  Gazette  for  November  30th  Mr.  J.  M.  Harris  reports  that  a 
specimen  of  the  Stormy  Petrel  (Thalassidroma  pelagica)  was  shot  on  Bushall 
Down  on  November  27th. 

Mr.  Smith  records  four  previous  occurrences  of  this  bird  in  Wilts— generally 
after  stormy  weather. 


Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library.  185 

FLOCK  OF  PUFFINS  (Fratercula  arctica)  AT  CODFORD. 

On  November  20th,  1893,  six  or  seven  "  strange  birds  "  were  seen  flying  about 
<a  field  of  swedes  about  =6ft.  from  the  ground  on  Mr.  Charles  Notley's  farm  at 
Codford  St.  Mary.  In  the  course  of  the  same  day  a  puffin  was  picked  up  by  a 
beater  in  the  course  of  a  hare  drive.  It  had  apparently  been  shot  by  somebody 
(or  had  it  flown  against  a  barbed  wire?),  but  was  still  alive.  Of  course  a  puffin 
is  a  common  enough  bird  at  the  right  time  of  year  in  the  right  place,  but  it 
seems  odd  to  find,  not  merely  a  chance  bird,  but  a  small  flock,  on  November  20th — 
in  the  extreme  south-west  corner  of  Salisbury  Plain — at  the  end  of  a  three 
days'  gale,  mostly  from  the  N.N.E.,  but  varying  to  N.W.,  when  one  remembers 
that  the  birds  are  due  to  leave  our  shores  in  August. 

G.  ASHLEY  DODD. 


COAL  MINING  IN  THE  OXFORD  CLAY. 

*'  Under  these  strata  [the  coral  rag]  we  have  one  called  Chinch  clay  .... 
with  their  laminae  of  coal  [fossil  wood].  The  appearence  of  '  coal '  in  this  bed 
has  given  rise  to  numerous  trials,  encouraged  by  ignorance  or  fraud.  Among 
these,  I  remember  one  at  the  expense  of  Sir  Edward  Bayntun  and  the  Marquis 
of  Lansdowne,  to  the  south-east  of  Tetherton.  A  much  more  rash  adventure  has, 
I  understand,  been  set  on  foot  near  Horsham,  in  Sussex,  in  the  same  bed,  at  the 
expense  of  thirty  thousand  pounds."— The  "  Character  of  Moses,"  by  the  Rev, 
Jos.  Townsend,  M.A.,  Kector  of  Pewsey,  1813,  p.  127. 

"  Sir  Edward  Bayntun  was  amused  and  flattered  with  the  hope  of  an  extensive 
colliery ;  and  from  time  to  time  the  workmen  showed  him  infallible  signs  of 
coal,  till  the  subscription  funds  and  his  patience  were  exhausted,  and  then  they 
reluctantly  departed."— Ibid,  p.  427. 


to 


3une  1st—  Nobemfar  1st,  1893. 

THE  MUSEUM. 

Presented  anonymously  :  —  Seventeenth  Century  Wilts  tokens  : 
Freshford.     John  Curie  Sen1. 
Malmesbury.     Edward  Browne. 
Wilton.    Francis  Wace. 


186 


Addition*  to  the  Museum  and  Library. 


Presented  by  THE  BARONESS  BRTJININGK  : — Polish  and  Russian  coins. 
Presented  by  Mr.  J.  W.  BROOKE  : — Marlborough  Token,  W.  Crabbe. 
Presented  by  the  Rev.  J.  Ft.  CAREEW  : — Part  of  the  skull  of  an  animal,  from 

Trow  bridge. 
Presented  by  Mr.  W.  COWARD  :— Fine  specimen  of  Ammonites  Peramplus,  from 

Roundway. 
Presented  by   Mr.    B.    H.    CUNNINGTON: — Spindle- Whorl,  found   in  Bishops 

Cannings  Churchyard. 

Presented  by  Miss  CUNNINGTON  : — Fragments  of  ancient  Cloth,  found  in  a  bar- 
row at  Upton  Lovel. 
Presented  by  the  Rev.E,  H.  GODDARD;— Spindle-Whorl,  found  in  Clyffe  Pypard 

Churchyard, 
Presented  by  Mr,  H.  N.  GODDARD  :— Holed  Stone  (Spindle- Whorl P),  found  in 

an  interment  at  Clyffe  Pypard. 
Presented  by  Mr.  W.  J.  KINGSTON!,  by  consent  of  the  Trustees  of  Somerset 

Hospital :— Four  Romano -British  Urns,  from  Bromsgrove  Farm,  Pewsey. 
Presented  by  Mr.  G.  H.  MEAD  : — School-Children's  Medals,  Devizes  ;    struck  to 

commemorate  the  Duke  of  York's  Marriage. 
Presented  by  Mr,  PORTER,  Trowbridge  : — Trowbridge  Token  (later  series)  J.  B« 

&  H.  Gorham. 
Presented  by  Rev.  C.  SOAMES  :— Seventeenth  Century  Wilts  Tokens,  new  to  the 

Museum  : — 


No.  in 
Williamson. 


90 


135 


140 


No.  in 
Boyne. 


62 


EDMVND     .     HIDE     .    IN    .    HIWORTH    = 

Bear  with  chain  .  ^  . 
RICH    .    LEADER    .    IN    .  HIWORTH    =    A 

greyhound  .  ^  . 

(Heart-shaped.) 

IOHN  .  HAMMOND  .  OF  =  A  clasped  book. 
MARLEBOROVGH  .  66   =  I  .  K  .  H 

SIMON  .  PIKE  .  OF  =  Grocers'  arms. 
MARLEBOROVGH  .1667=S.A.P 


j  Number  of 

Specimens  in 

the  Society's 

Museum. 


Presented  by  Miss  TANNER,  Yatesbury  :— A  Pillion. 

Presented  by  Miss  PENRUDDOCKE  :— Gold  Touch  Piece  of  Queen  Anne,  com- 
memmorative  of  the  touching  by  the  Sovereign  for  the  "  King's  Evil." 
Small  Oval  gold  Medal  or  Pendant,  the  obverse  bearing  the  head  of  King 
Charles  I.,  the  reverse  the  Royal  Arms  with  the  Garter  round  them. 


Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library.  187 

Purchased  : — 

Salisbury  Token.     W.G.M.     Man  in  a  tie  wig. 

W.  Sheppard's  Somersetshire,  Wiltshire  and  Gloucestershire  Silver  Token, 
value  12  pence  (two  specimens). 

THE  LIBEAEY. 

Presented  by  Mr.  A.  E.  BABNETT,  Devizes  :— Original  Rules  of  Society  for  Relief 

of  Widows  and  Orphans  of  Poor  Clergymen  in  the  County  of  Wilts,  1764. 

Presented  by  Miss  BRADFORD  :— Illustrated  account  of  Maiiborough  College — • 

from  Ludgate  Monthly  Mag.,  September  and  October,  1893. 
Presented  by  Mr.  A.  COLEMAN  : — MS.  List  of  Wiltshire  non-Parochial  Registers 

in  the  custody  of  the  Registrar  General. 
Presented  by  Mr.  WILLIAM  CUNNINGTON  : — 

Plans  and  Descriptions  of  Stonehenge,  Sir  H.  James,  Ord.  Surv.,  1867. 
Books  :— 
The  Book  of  the  Company  of  Mercers,  "Burg,  de  Devizes,"  and  Accounts, 

1615  to  1736.     MSS. 
Survey  of  the  Manor  of  Cannings  Canonicorum,  1660,  and  Court  Rolls  from 

1672.     MSS. 

Deed  by  Ralph  Withers,  of  Bishops  Cannings.     166  L 
Bound  together  in  fol.  volume  : — 

Copies  of  Inquisitions  of  Borough  of  Devizes.     1254. 

Ditto  (fish-pond  at  Castle).     1274. 

Lease  of  Seymour  de  Sudeley,  of  possessions  at  Devizes.    1650. 

Ditto.     1650. 

Ditto.     1560. 

Translation  of  Document.     MS.     1562. 

Lease  of  Queen  Catharine  to  Borough  of  Devizes.     MS.     1511. 

Petition  of  Sir  John  Danvers.     MS.     1608. 

Extracts  from  Records  in  Tower  of  London  relating  to  Tolls  of  Borough  of 
Devizes.     MS.     1186  to  1625. 

Rental  of  Overseers  of  St.  Mary's,  Devizes.     MS.     1736. 

First  Devizes  Improvement  Act.     1781. 

Muster  Roll  of  Devizes  Volunteers.     1804. 

Handbill  proclaiming  Thos.  Dickenson  a  deserter.     1800. 

Report  of  Kennet  and  Avon  Canal.     1813. 

Case,  Tilby  v.  Corporation  of  Devizes.     MS.     1825. 

Second  Improvement  Act  of  Devizes.     1825. 

Devizes  Charities.     MS.     1833. 

Petition  re  Great  Western  Railway.     MS.     18—. 
The  Barrow  Diggers  :  a  Dialogue;  and  Notes.     1839. 
Proceedings,  Minutes  of  Council,   and   Accounts  of  Wilts   Topographical 

Society.     1839—50.     MS. 
Cuttings  and  Plans  and  Original  Letters  relating  to  the  Water  Supply, 

Devizes.     Mounted  4to.     1873. 
Oolitic  District  of  Bath  and  Wilts,  by  W.  Lonsdale.     Trans,  of  Geological 

Society.    1832. 


188  Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library. 

On  Belemnites  of  "North  Wilts,  Prof.  Owen  and  Dr.  Mantel!.  Autograph 
Letters  on  subject  from  Prof.  Owen,  Dr.  S.  P.  Woodward,  S.  P.  Pratt, 
Dr.  Mantell.  From  Philosophical  Transactions.  1848—50. 

Monograph  of  Greensand  Crustaceans  (many  from  Wiltshire),  Prof.  T. 
Bell.  1862. 

The  Spinster  at  Home,  in  the  Close,  Salisbury,  by  Miss  Child.  A  poem.  1844. 

Wiltshire  from  Rev.  T.  Cox,  Magna  Britannia.     1720. 

History  of  Malmesbury.  Cuttings  from  North  Wilts  Herald,  1867. 
Richard  Jefferies.  1867. 

Memoir  of  Henry  Hunt,     3  vols.     1820. 

Addresses  by  Henry  Hunt,     2  vols. 

Descripton  of  Curiosities  at  Wilton  House,  by  James  Kennedy,and  description 
of  Stowe.  1758. 

Bidcombe  Hill :  a  Poem  ;  Rev.  F.  Skurray.     1824. 

Beauties  of  British  Antiquity,  J.  Collinson  of  Bromham,  Stonehenge,  Abury, 
Silbury,  Malmesbury  Abbey,  &c.  1779. 

Topographical  Survey  of  Hants,  Wilts,  Dorset,  Somerset,  Devon,  and  Corn- 
wall. W.  Tunnicliff,  Salisbury.  1791. 

Observations  on  the  Modern  Clergy.     Rev.  C.  Lucas.     1840. 

Bath  Road.     Robertson.     2  vols.     1792. 

Papers  read,  at  Meeting  of  Society,  Wilton,  by  J.  E.  Nightingale,  W.  C.  Lukis, 
L.  Gidley,  and  others.  1870. 

Guide  to  Salisbury  Meeting,  and  Notes  : — Kemm,  Amesbury  Church  and 
Abbey;  Edwards,  Amesbury  Gleanings  ;  Stevens,  Jottings  on  Stonehenge 
and  Moot  Excursions;  Maskelyne,  Abstract  of  Stonehenge  Petrology.  1876. 

Druidical  Temples  of  Wilts.     Rev.  E.  Duke  ;  and  Review.     1846. 

Stonehenge.     Rev.  L.  Gidley.     1873. 

Tour  in  quest  of  Genealogy.     H.  Jones  and  R.  Fenton.     1811. 

Wiltshire,  from  Description  of  England  and  Wales.     1770 . 

Description  of  Stonehenge.     J.  Easton,  1802. 

History  of  Nonconformity  in  Warminster.  Rev.  H.  Gunn.  And  account 
of  Horningsham  Chapel.  1853. 

Highwaymen  of  Wiltshire.     J.  Waylen.     1857. 

Poems  by  Rev.  W.  L.  Bowles.    Vol.  iv.     1809. 
Pamphlets,  fyc. : — 

Caer  Pensauelcoit.     Thomas  Kerslake.     1882. 

Liberty  of  Independent  Research.     T.  Kerslake.     1885. 

Primeval  British  Metropolis  (Pen  Pits).     T.  Kerslake.     1877. 

Reports,  Wilts  County  Asylum,  1857,  1858,  1859,  1864, 1865,  1869. 

Proceedings  of  Salisbury  Meeting  of  Society.     1865. 

Self-condemned  Quaker  and  Beaven's  Addresses.     1707. 

"  A  Tender  Visitation."  Charles  Marshall,  Quaker.  And  MS.  note  by  Canon 
Jackson.  1684. 

Five  Minutes'  Consideration  on  Making  Roads.     T.  Smith,  Devizes.     1799- 

Report  of  Trial,  Tilby  v.  Corporation  of  Devizes.     1827. 

Baldud  and  the  Mistletoe.     E.  T.  Stevens.     1875. 

Wiltshire  Antiquities  :  from  Antiq.  Top.  Cabinet.     Rev.  E.  Duke.     1809. 

"  The  Mad  Gallop."    Kennet  and  Avon  Canal.     MS.  copy.     1793. 


Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library.  189 

Cretaceous  Eocks,  Beer  Head  and  Warminster,  &c.    C.  J.  A.  Meyer.   1874 

Coaching  Days— Bath  Road.     English  Illustrated  Mag.     1887. 

Memoir  of  Eev.  W.  Jay,  of  Tisbury. 

A  Wiltshire  Centenarian.     1872. 

Rules  and  Tables,  Wilts  Friendly  Society  (first).     1855. 

Restoration,  Salisbury  Cathedral ;  report  of  Meeting.     (Circular.)    1864. 

Funeral  Sermon,  late  G.  E.  Sloper.     R.  Dawson.     1866. 

History  of  Salisbury  Cathedral.     W.  Mitchell,  Westbury.     1866. 

Historical  Associations,  Longleat.     W.  Mitchell. 

Stonehenge.     W.  Mitchell. 

Shepherd  of  Salisbury  Plain.     Mrs.  H.  More. 

Family  of  James  Johnson,  Bishop  of  Gloucester  and  Worcester  (partly 
Wilts).     Walter  Money. 

Benefits  of  Sanitary  Reform,  Salisbury.     A.  B.  Middleton.     1864. 

Martin's  History  of  Wiltshire.     1763. 

Memoir  of  Thomas  E.  Black  well,  C.E.     1864. 

Description  of  Parish  of  Cheverell  Magna.     1871. 

Canaling  :  a  Poem  (Kennet  and  Avon).     1793. 

Voyage  from  London  to  Salisbury.     John  Taylor.     1630. 

Samuel  Prout,  Catalogue  of  Drawings.     Ruskin.     1879. 

Report  of  Marlborough  College  Natural  History  Society.     1866. 

Catalogue,  illustrated,  Salisbury  and  South  Wilts  Museum.     1864. 

Coloured  Litho— A  Wiltshire  Girl,  after  Sir  T.  Lawrence. 
Presented  by  Mr.  G.  E.  DABTNELL  : — 
Pamphlets,  fyc. : — 

Salisbury  Election  Addresses,  &c.,  1885, 1892. 

Salisbury  Cuttings  and  Scraps. 

Collections  for  Parochial  History  of  Wilts.     W.  C.  Lukis. 

Sermon,  Marlborough  Coll.  Chapel.     E.  C.  Wickham.     1866. 

Marlborough  College  "  Prolusiones,"  1867,  68,  69,  91. 
Prints : — 

Heytesbury  Church,  south  side.     Anast.  by  M.  Gee. 

Tottenham  Park  House.     Small  cut. 
Presented  by  the  Rev.  E.  H.  GODDARD  : — 


Wilts  Friendly  Society  Reports.    1877,  1879-1881,  1886,  1890,  1891 . 
Juvenile  Branch  of  do.,  Rules.    1882. 
G.W.R.  Swindon  Sick  Fund  Society,  Rules.     1876. 
Clyffe  Pypard  Friendly  Society,  Rules.     1868. 
Guide  to  Tesselated  Pavement,  Box.     1888. 
Four  Visitation  Addresses  by  Bishop  Wordsworth.     1888. 
Address  on  Education  in  Wilts.     By  R.  J.  Curry.     1890. 
Wilts  Clergy  Charity,  Reports.     1879,  1883—1885,  1888—1891. 
Service  for  Consecration  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  New  Swindon.     1881. 
Salisbury  and  South  Wilts  Museum,  Report.     1891-2. 
Chippenham -printed  Tracts  (three). 
Newspaper  Cuttings,  &c. 

Catalogue  of  Maces,  Swords  of  State,&c., exhibited  at  the  Mansion  House,1893. 
VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXX.  O 


190  Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library. 

Prints  :  — 

Lord  Methuen.     Vanity  Fair  Cartoon.     1893. 
Proposed  Music  School  at  Marlborough  College.     Ink  Photo.     1893. 
Presented  by  Mr.  H.  N.  GODDABD  :— Illustrated  Sale  Catalogue  of  Cowbridge 

House  Estate.     1893. 

Presented  by  THE  AUTHOB,  Mr.  N.  A.  List,  of  Omaha,  U.S.A.  :— 
American  Charts.     Vols.  I.  and  II.  (Stonehenge,  &c.). 
Cabala  of  the  Bible. 
Presented  by  THE  AUTHOR  :— Lydiard  Manor,  its  History.     By  the  Rev.  W. 

H.  E.  McKnight,     1992. 
Presented  by  Mr.    H.   E.  MEDLICOTT  :— Sale  Catalogues  of    Farleigh  Wick, 

Ogbourne  Maisey,  Rodbourne  Cheney,  and  Fairwood  Estates. 
Presented  by  THE  AUTHOR  : — 

King  John's  House,  Tollard  Royal,  by  General  Pitt-Rivers. 
Primitive  Locks  and  Keys,  by  General  Pitt-Rivers. 
Presented   by  Mr.  G.  NOTES  :— Poll  Book  of  Election  of  1818. 
Presented  by  Rev.  C.  SOAMES  :  — 
Pamphlets  : — 

Deed  relating  to  East  Harnham  Hospital,  &c.,  vesting  £8000  in  Trustees. 

1796. 
Report  of  Public  Meeting,  1845,  to  promote  communication  from  Manchester 

and  the  North  with  Salisbury  and  Southampton. 
Remarks  on  Office  of  Deputy  Recorder  of  Salisbury.    By  R.  Benson,  Deputy 

Recorder.     1831. 

Proceedings  in  Charles  Brooke  v.  Henry  Guy,  of  Chippenham,  for  libel.    1802. 
Answer  to  Address  from  Charles   Brooke   to  Electors  of  Chippenham,  by 

H.  Guy.     1802. 

Copies  of  General  Meetings  of  Co.  of  Wilts,  and  Proceedings  and  Correspon- 
dence of  Committee  appointed  January  26th,  1780. 

Address  to  Electors  of  Borough  of  Chippenham.    By  John  Maitland.    1818. 
Letter  to  Archdeacon  of  Sarum  on  Ruri- Decanal  Chapters.     By  W.  Dansey. 

1840. 

Part  of  Pedigree  of  Dore  Family,  of  Longcot. 
Report  from  the  Select  Committee  on  Petition  of  Calthorpe  and  Beckford, 

respecting  undue  Election  for  Borough  of  Hindon.     1775. 
Act  for  Repairing  and  Widening  Road,  Bowden  Hill  to  Kingsdown.     172|. 
Act  for  Enclosure  of  Tilshead.     1811. 
Act  to  grant  Bowood  Park  to  Sir  Orlando  Bridgeman,  Bart. 
Dialogus  Physicus  de  Natura  Aeris.     By  Hobbes,  of  Malmesbury.     1661. 
Hare's  Sermon,  preached  at  Swindon — Archdeacon's  Visitation.     1797. 
Sherlock's  Sermon,  preached  at  Sarum — on  Rebellion  in  Scotland.     1745. 
Assize  Sermon,  preached  at  Devizes,  by  F.  W.  Fowle.     1838. 
Sermon,  preached  at  Sarum,  by  F.  W.  Fowle,  at  Visitation  of  Archdeacon 

of  Sarum.     1837. 

Remarks  on  two  late  Sermons  preached  at  Cathedral,  Sarum.     1711. 
Farewell  Sermon,  preached  at  Tilshead,  by  Rev.   H.   Gauntlett   Collins, 
Salisbury.     No  date. 


(Any  Member  whose  name  or  address  is  incorrectly  printed  in  this  List 
is  requested  to  communicate  with  the  Financial  Secretary.) 


WILTSHIRE 


tstotg 


1893. 


Patron  : 
THE  MOST  HONOUBABLE  THE  MABQUIS  OF  LANSDOWNE. 

President : 
SIB  HENBY  B.  MEUX,  BABT. 

Vice- Presidents : 


The  Most  Hou.  the  Marquis  of  Bath 
William  Cunnington,  Esq.,  F.G.S. 
Sir  Gabriel  Goldney,  Bart. 
Sir  Heury  A.  Hoare,  Bart. 
Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.,  M.P. 
The  Right  Hon.  Earl  Nelson 
Rev.  H.  A.  Olivier 


Lt.-General      Pitt-Rivers,      D.C.L., 

F.R.S..  F.S.A. 
Charles  Penruddocke,  Esq. 
The  Right  Rev.  the  Lord  Bishop  of 

Salisbury 
Rev.  A.  C.  Smith 
C.  H.  Talbot,  Esq. 


Trustees  : 


Sir  Edmund  Antrobus,  Bart. 

The  Most  Hon.  the  Marquis  of  Bath 

William  Cunnington,  Esq. 

G.  T.  J.  Sotheron  Estcourt,  Esq. 

G.  P.  Fuller,  Esq.,  M.P. 

Sir  Gabriel  Goldney,  Bart. 


The    Most    Hon.   the   Marquis     of 

Lansdowne 

Sir  John  Lubbock,  Bart.,  M.P. 
The  Right  Hon.  Earl  Nelson 
Charles  Penruddocke,  Esq. 


The  Committee  consists  of  the  following  G-entlemen  and  Honorary  Officers 

of  the  Society  : — 


T.  B.  Anstie,  Esq.,  Devizes 
J.  I.  Bowes,  Esq.,  Devizes 
Henry    Brown,    Esq.,    BlacJclands 
Park,  Calne 


C.  F.  Hart,  Esq.,  Devizes 
Rev.  C.  W.  Hony,  Bishops  Cannings 
Joseph  Jackson,  Esq.,  Devizes 
Rev.  A.  B.  Thynne,  Seend 


Honorary  G-eneral  Secretaries : 
H.  E.  Medlicott,  Esq.,  Sandfield,  Potterne,  Devizes 
Rev.  E.  H.  Goddard,  Clyffe  Pypard  Vicarage,  Wootton  Bassett 

Honorary  G-eneral  Curators ; 

A.  B.  Fisher,  Esq.,  Potterne 

B.  H.  Cunnington,  Esq.,  Devizes 

Honorary  Librarian  : 
W.  Heward  Bell,  Esq.,  Seend  Cleeve,  Melksham, 


Honorary  Local  Secretaries : 


J.  W.  Brooke,  Esq.,  Marlborough 
W.  Forrester,  Esq.,  Malmesbury 
C.  W.  Holgate,  Esq.,  Salisbury 
H.  Kinneir,  Esq.,  Swindon 
Alex.  Mackay,  Esq.,  Trowbridge 
W.  F.  Morgan,  Esq.,  Warminster 
Kev.    J.    Penrose,     West    Ashton, 
Trowbridge 


C.     E.      Ponting,      Esq.,      F.S.A., 

LocTceridge,  Marlborough 
J.  Farley  Butter,  Esq.,  Mere  [sham 
Arthur  Schomberg,Esq.,$eew££,.MeZ&- 
J.  K.  Shopland,  Esq.,  Purton 
Mulville     Thomson,      Esq.,      M.D., 

Bradford-on-Avon 
Henry  Wilkins,  Esq.,  Calne 


Honorary  Treasurer : 
C.  B.  H.  A.  Colston,  Esq.,  M.P.,  Roundway  Park,  Devizes 

Honorary  Auditors: 
G.  S.  A.  Waylen,  Esq.,  Devizes 
John  Wilshin,  Esq.,  Devizes 

Financial  Secretary : 
Mr.  David  Owen,  31,  Long  Street,  Devizes. 


LIST   OP   SOCIETIES,   &C.,   IN   UNION  WITH  THE 

iai  iwb  gatunl  Pfetorg 

For  interchange  of  Publications,  fyc. 


Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London 
Royal  Archaeological  Institute  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland 

Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Scotland 
Koyal  Society  of  Antiquaries  of  Ireland 

Kent  Archaeological  Society 

Somersetshire  Archaeological  Society 

Oxford  Architectural  and  Historical  Society 

Belfast  Naturalists'  Field  Club. 

Essex  Archaeological  Society 

Professor  L.  Jewitt 

Bath  Antiquarian  and  Natural  History  Field  Club 
United  States  Geological  Survey 
Herts  Natural  History  Society 

Powysland  Club 

Bristol  Natural  History  Society 

Bristol  and  Gloucestershire  Archaeological  Society 

Essex  Field  Club 

Berks  Archaeological  and  Architectural  Society 

Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington,  B.C.,  United  States 

Clifton  Antiquarian  Club 

Hampshire  Field  Club. 


of  Members. 


Life 

Awdry,  Charles,  2,  Hyde  Park  Street, 

London,  W. 
Bruce,  Lord  Charles,  Wilton  House, 

Eaton  Square,  London,  S.W. 
Duke,  Rev.  Edward,  Lake  House, 

Salisbury 
Ellis,    Rev.   J.   H.,  29,  Collingham 

Gardens,  South  Kensington,  Lon- 
don, S.W. 
Fitzmaurice,  Lord  E.,  Leigh  House, 

Bradford-on-Avon 
Grove,   Sir  Thomas    Fraser,    Bart., 

Feme,  Salisbury 
Hawkesbury,  Baron,  2,  Carlton  House 

Terrace,  Pall  Mall,  London,  S.W. 
Hoare,  Sir  Henry  A.,  Bart.,  Stour- 

head,  Bath  [Salisbury 

Holgate,    Clifford  W.,  The   Palace, 
Lansdowne,  Most  Hon.  Marquis  of, 

Bowood,  Calne  [penham 

Lowndes,  E.  C.,  Castle  Combe,  Chip- 


Members  : 


Lubbock,  Sir  J.  W.,  Bart.,  M.P.,  15, 

Lombard  Street,  London,  E.G. 
Lushington,  Sir  Godfrey,  16,  Great 
t   Queen  Street, Westminster,  London, 

S.W. 
Meux,  Sir  Henry  B.,  Bart.,  Dauntsey 

House,  Chippenham 
Mullings,  John,  Cirencester 
Neeld,    Sir    A.,    Bart.,    Grittleton, 

Chippenham 
Penruddocke,    C.,    Compton    Park, 

Salisbury 
Penruddocke,  C.,  Jun.,  Bratton  St. 

Maur,  Wincanton,  Bath 
Prior,  Dr.  R.  C.  A.,  48,  York  Terrace, 

Regent's  Park,  London,  N.W. 
Salisbury,   the    Rt.    Rev.   the    Lord 

Bishop  of,  the  Palace,  Salisbury 
Selfe,  H.,  Marten,  Great  Bedwyn 
Wyndham,    the    Hon.    Percy,    44, 

Belgrave  Square,  London,  S.W. 


Annual  Subscribers. 


Adderley    Library,     Librarian     of, 

Marlboro  ugh  College 
Anstie,  E.  L.,  Devizes 
Anstie,   G.  E.,   31,   Market,  Place, 

Devizes  , 

Anstie,  T.  B.,  Devizes 
Archer,    Col.    D.,    Fairford  House, 

Gloucestershire 
Armstrong,   F.   A.  W.   T.,   42,   St. 

Michael's  Hill,  Bristol 
Arundel  of  Wardour,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord, 

Wardour  Castle,  Tisbury,  Salisbury 
Awdry,   Rev.   E.    C.,    Kington    St. 

Michael,  Chippenham 
Awdry,  Justly  W.,  The   Paddocks, 

Chippenham 
Awdry,   Rev.   W.   H.,  Ludgershall, 

Andover 


Baker,  T.  H.,  Mere,  Bath 
Barnwell,  Rev.  C.  E.  B.,  Southbroom, 
Devizes 


Bath,  the  Most  Hon.  the  Marquis  of, 

Longleat,  Warminster 
Batten,  John,  Aldon,  Yeovil 
a'Beckett,  W.  A.  C.,  Penleigh  House, 

Westbury 
Beddoe,  Dr.,  The  Chantry,  Bradford- 

on-Avon 
Bell,  Rev.  Canon  G.  C.,  The  Lodge, 

Marlborough  College 
Bell,    W.    Reward,    F.G.S.,   Cleeve 

House,  Seend  [Shrewton 

Bennett,  Rev.  Canon  F.,  Maddington, 
Bennett,     T.     J.,    M.D.,    Steventon 

House,  Steventon,  Berks 
Bennett,    W.    S.,    Overcombe,    The 

Shrubbery,  Weston-Super-Mare 
Bethell,  S.,  Oak  Lea,  Calue 
Bingham,  Rev.   W.  P.   S.,   Kenton 

Vicarage,  Exeter 
Blackmore,  Dr.  H.  P.,  Salisbury 
Blake,  Henry,  Elmhurst,  Trowbridge 
Blaker,     Rev.     W.     I.,     Easterton 

Vicarage,  Devizes 
Bond,    Rev.    Canon    John,    Steeple 

Ashton  Vicarage,  Trowbridge 
Booker,  Rev.  A.  W.,  Sutton  Venej 

Rectory,  Warminster 


IV 


LIST   OP   MEMBERS. 


Bosher,  C.  W., 

Bourne,    Rev.   G.    H.,   D.C.L.,    St. 

Edmund's  College,  Salisbury 
Bouverie,  Rev.  Hon.  B.  P.,  Pewsey 

Rectory 
Bouverie,  E.  0.  P.,  93,  Park  Street, 

London,  W.  [Devizes 

•Bowes,  J.  I.,  Wilts  County  Asylum, 
Bradford,  J.  E.  G.,  16,  Marlborough 

Buildings,  Bath  [sham 

Brakspear,  Harold,  The  Priory,  Cor- 
Bristol  Museum  and  Library,  Hon. 

Sec.,  Queen's  Road,  Bristol 
Britton,   Mrs.    Helen,   39,   Croydon 

Grove,  West  Croydon,  Surrey 
Brodrib.b,     Rev.     W.    J.,    Wootton 

Rivers,  Marlborough        [borough 
Brooke,  J.    W.,    The    Green,   Marl- 
Browne,  H.,  Blacklands  Park,  Calne 
Brown,  Henry,  Salisbury 
Brown,  James,  South  "View,  London 

Road,  Salisbury 
Brown,  Rev.  R.  G.,  Little  Somerford 

Rectory,  Chippenham 
Brown,  W.,  Devizes 
Brown,  Sir  W.  R.,  Highfield,  Trow- 

bridge 
Bruce,  Rt.  Hon.  Lord  Henry  B.,  34, 

Eaton  Place,  London,  S.W. 
Buchanan,  Ven.  Archdeacon,Poulshot 
Buckley,  Alfred,  New  Hall,  Boden- 

ham,  Salisbury 
Buckley,  Rev.  Canon  Felix  J.,  Stanton 

St.Quintin,  Chippenham  [Swindon 
Buller,   Mrs.   Tremayne,   Chiseldon, 
Bullock,  William  H.,  Pewsey 
Burgess,  F.  W.,  22,  Market  Place, 

Trowbridge  [Bristol 

Bush,  J.,  10,  St.  Augustine's  Parade, 
Bush,    J.    J.,     Hilperton     Grange, 

Trowbridge  [Bath 

Bush,   Robert  C.,   Winifred's   Dale, 
Butt,  Rev.  W.  A.,  Minety  Vicarage, 

Malmesbury 
Bythesea,     Lt.-Gen.,     22,     Wilton 

Crescent,  London,  S.W. 
Butterworth,  G.  M.,  Swindon 


Caillard,  His  Honour  Judge,  Wing- 
field,  Trowbridge 

Caird,  R.  H.,  Southbroom,  Devizes 

Galley,  Rev.  J.H., Chiseldon  Vicarage, 
Swindon 

Carey,  Rev.  T.,  Ebbesborne-Wake, 
Salisbury 


Carless,  Dr.,  Devizes  [Salisbury 

Carpenter,  Joseph,  Burcombe  Manner, 
Gary,  J.,  Steeple  Ashton,  Trowbridge 
Chamberlain  e,  Rev.  E.,  Blagden 

House,  Keevil 

Chamberlaine,  Rev.  W.  H.,  Keevil 
Chandler,  Thomas,  Devizes 
Chandler,  T.  H.,  Rowde,  Devizes 
Chandler, W.,  Aldbourne,  Hungerford 
Cholmeley,  Rev.  Canon  C.  H.,  The 

Rectory,    Beaconsfield      (R.S.O.), 

Bucks 

Clark,  Major  T.,  Trowbridge 
Clarke,  Miss    M.,   Prospect    House, 

Devizes 

Crespi,  Dr.  A.  J.  H.,  Wimborne 
Cleather,  Rev.  G.  E.,  The  Vicarage, 

Brixton  Deverill,  Warminster 
Colborne,     Miss,    Venetian    House, 

Clevedon 

Coleman,  A.,  Wootton  Bassett 
Colston,  C.  E.  H.  A.,  M.P.,  Roundway 

Park,  Devizes 
Colwell,  J.,  Devizes 
Cook,Edward,Walden  Lodge,  Devizes 
Cooper,  Rev.  W.  H.  H.,  Tockenham 

Rectory,  Wootton  Bassett 
Corke,    Rev.    H.    A.,    Bradenstoke 

Vicarage,  Chippenham 
Cunnington,  B.  H.,  Devizes 
Cunnington,Mrs.S.,Southgate  House, 

Devizes 
Cunnington,    William,    F.G.S.,    58, 

Acre  Lane,  Brixton,  London,  S.W. 
Curtis,  C.  W.,  74,  Lombard  Street, 

London,  S.W. 

Daniell,  Rev.  J.  J.,  Langley  Burrell, 

Chippenham 
Dartnell,  G.  E.,  Abbottsfield  House, 

Stratford  Road,  Salisbury 
Dear,  George,  Codford  St.  Peter,  Bath 
Devenish,  Matthew  H.  W.,Westleigh, 

Salisbury 

Dixon,  H.  P.,  Southcott,  Pewsey 
Dixon,  S.  B.,  Pewsey 
Dodd,  G.  Ashley,    Stockton   House, 

Codford  St.  Mary,  Bath 
Dowding,Rev.W.,Idmiston,Salisbury 
Dowding,       W.       Drummond,      2, 

Clements  Inn,  London,  W.C. 
Du  Boulay,  Rev.  F.  H.,  Heddington, 

Calne  [bury 

Dugdale,  Rev.  S.,  Motcombe,  Shaftes- 
Dunlap,  Rev.  J.  D.,  Vicarage, 

Corsham 


LIST   OP   MEMBERS. 


Eddrupp,  Rev.  Canon  E.  P.,  Bremhill, 

Calne 
Edgell,  Rev.  E.  B.,  Bromham,  Chip- 

penham 
Errington,  Sir  George,  Bart.,  Rath- 

cline,  Hampton  Court,  Surrey 
Estcourt,  G.  T.  J.  Sotherou,  Estsourt, 

Tetbury  [Malmesbury 

Estridge,  H.  W.,  Minety  House, 
Everett,  Rev.  E.,  Manningford  Ab- 
bots, Pewsey  [Salisbury 
Everingham,  Rev.  W.,  The  Palace, 
Ewart,  Miss  M.  A.,  Coney  hurst, 

Ewhurst,  Guildford 
Ewart,  Miss  M.,  Broadleas,  Devizes 
Eyre,  G.  E.  Briscoe,  Warrens,  Lynd- 

hurst,  Hants 

Eyres,  Edwin,  Lacock,   Chippenham 
Eyres,  Henry  C.,  St.  Alban's  House, 

Highgate  Rise,  London,  N.W. 


Finlay,    Rev.    E.    B.,    The  Lodge, 

Avebury,  Calne 

Fisher,  A.  B.,  Court  Hill,  Potterne 
Forrester,  William,  Malmesbury 
Fox,  C.  F.,  The  Bank,  Saudown,  Isle 

of  Wight 
Fox,   F.  F.,  Yate  House,  Chipping 

Sodbury,  Gloucestershire 
Fuller,  G.  P.,  M.P.,  Neston  Park, 

Corsham 


Gabriel,  C.  W.,  Yale  Lodge,  Weston, 

Bath 

Gillrnan,  C.,  Tresco  Villa,  Devizes 
Gladstone,  John  E.,  Bowden  Park, 

Chippenham 

Goddard,  Ambrose  L.,  Swindon 
Goddard,     Rev.     C.    V.,     Chideock 

Vicarage,  Bridport 
Goddard,  Rev.  E.  H.,  Clyffe  Pypard, 

Wootton  Bassett 
Goddard,  H.  Nelson,  ClyfEe  Pypard 

Manor,  Wootton  Bassett 
Goddard,    W.    C.    !G.,     Brentwood, 

Wyndham  Road,  Salisbury 
Godwin,  J.  G.,  15,  St.  George's  Row, 

Pimlico,  London,  S.W. 
Goldney,  F.  H.,  Prior  Place,  Frimley, 

Farnborough 

Goldney,  Sir  Gabriel,  Bart.,   Beech- 
field,  Corsham 


Gouldsmith,  W.  A.,  The  Bungalow, 

Shanklin,  Isle  of  Wight 
Gower,    GranviDe    Leveson,    F.S.A., 

Titsey  Place,  Limpsfield 
Gray,  A.  Murray,  Devizes 
Grose,  Samuel,  M.D.,  Melksham 
Grove,    G.   Troyte   Chafyn,     North 

Coker  House,  Yeovil 
Gwatkin,R.G., Manor  House,Potterne 
Gwillim,  E.  LI.,  Maiiborough 
G.W.R.  Mechanics'  Institute,  Secre- 
tary of,  New  Swindon 


Haden,  J.  P.,  Hill  View,  Trowbridge 
Hadow,  Rev.  G.  R.,  Calstone  Rectory, 

Calne 
Hall,     Capt.     Marshall,     Easterton 

Lodge,   near  Parkstone    (R.S.O.), 

Dorset 

Halliday,  J.  Edmund,  Warminster 
Harding,  John,  51,  Canal,  Salisbury 
Harmer,  G.  H.,  Apsley  Villa,  Ciren- 

cester  [Calne 

Harris,  Henry  W.,  The  Woodlands, 
Harris,  Thomas,  South  Place,  Calne 
Hart,  C.  F.,  Devizes 
Hayward.Rev.  S.  C.,  Pilsley  Vicarage, 

Clay  Cross,  Derbyshire 
Hay  ward,     William,     c\o      Messrs. 

Cunnington,  Devizes 
Haywood,  T.  B.,  Woodhatch  Lodge, 

Reigate 
Heytesbury,   The    Rt.    Hon.    Lord, 

Heytesbury 
Hill,  Rev.  A.  Du  Boulay,  Downton 

Vicarage,  Salisbury 
Hill,  Rev.  Geoffrey,  Harnham  Vicar- 
age, Salisbury 
Hill,  G.  J.,  Clematis  Villa,  Wootton 

Bassett 
Hill,     James    L.,    Bulford    Manor, 

Amesbury 
Hillier,    H.    W.,  21,    High  Street, 

Marlborough 
Hobhouse,  C.  E.,  M.P.,  The  Ridge, 

Corsham 
Hobhouse,  Sir  C.  P.,  Bart.,  Monkton 

Farleigh,  Bradford-on-Avon 
Hodgson,   Rev.   Canon  J.    D.,   The 

Rectory,      Collingbourne      Ducis, 

Mavlborough 

Hoiiy,  Rev.  C.  W.,  Bishops  Cannings 
Hulse,  Sir  Edward,  Bart.,  Breamore-, 

Hants 


VI 


LIST    OF    MEMBERS. 


Hurry,  J.  S.,  Devizes 

Hussey,  Mrs.  H.,  The  Close,  Salisbury 

Hutchinson,  Rev.  T.  N.,  Broad  Chalke 

Vicarage,  Salisbury 
Hatchings,  Rev.  Canon  R.  S.,  Alder- 

bury,  Salisbury 


Inman,   Rev.   Canon    E.,    Potterne 
Vicarage,  Devizes 


Jackson,  Joseph,  Devizes 

Jacob,  J.  H.,  The  Close,  Salisbury 

Jennings,  J.  C.  S.,  Abbey  House, 
Malmesbury 

Johnson,  Rev.  J.  A.,  Biddestone 
Rectory,  Chippenham 

Johnson,  J.  G.,  Concrete  House,  New 
Swindon 

Jones,  H.  P.,  Portway  House,  War- 
minster 

Jones,  W.  H.  Hammond,  Tigbourne, 
Witley,  Surrey 

Jones,  W.  S.,Milbourne,  Malmesbury 


Kelland,  J.,  Canal,  Salisbury 
Kemble,  Rev.  A.,  Vicarage,  Berwick 

St.  John,  Salisbury 
Kemm,  Mrs.,  Amesbury,  Salisbury 
Kemm,  Thomas,  Avebury,  Calne 
Kenrick,  Mrs.,  Keevil,  Trowbridge 
King,  Rev.  Bryan,  Avebury,  Calne 
Kingdon,   The  Rt.  Rev.  Bishop  H. 

T.,  Fredericton,  New  Brunswick 
King,  Walter  E.,  Donhead  Lodge, 

Salisbury 

Kinneir,  H.,  Redville,  Swindon 
Kirwan,  J.  S.,  1,  Richmond  Gardens, 

Bournemouth 


Lambert,  Rev.  R.  TL,  Christchurch 

Vicarage,  Bradford-on-Avon 
Lansdown,  G.,  Trowbridge 
Laverton,  W.  EL,  Leighton,  Westbury 
Lawrence, W.F.,  Cowesfield,  Salisbury 
Lea,  J.Henry,Cedarhurst,  Fairhaven, 

Mass.,  U.S.A. 

Leslie,      Thomas,       Laurel      Villa, 
Wootton  Basselt 


Lewis,  Harold,  B.A.,  Mercury  Office, 

Bristol 
Literary  and  Philosophic  Club — A.  B. 

Prowse,  Esq.,M.D.,  Hon.Librarian, 

28,  Berkeley  Square,  Bristol 
Llangattock,  The  Rt.  Hon.  Lord,  The 

Hendre,  Monmouth 
Long,Frederick  W.,  Courtfield  House, 

Trowbridge 
Long,  W.  H.,  M.P.,  Rood  Ashton, 

Trowbridge 
Long,    Col.    William,    Woodlands, 

Congresbury  (R.S.O.),  Somerset 
Lowe,  Charles  H.,  Rowde,  Devizes 
Luckman,  Rev.  W.  G.,  Castle  Eaton 

Rectory,  Fairford 


Mackay,  Alex.,  Holt  Manor,  Trow- 
bridge 

Mackay,  Dr.  Henry  John,  Devizes 
Mackay,  James,  Trowbridge 
Mackay,  William,  Trowbridge 
Maclean,  J.,  C.,  M.D.,  Swindon 
Magrath,  Col.,  Ban-aboo,  Co.  Wex- 

ford,  Ireland 
Manley,    Rev.    F.     H.,    Somerford 

Magna  Rectory,  Chippenham 
Mann,  William  J.,  Trowbridge 
Marlborough  College  Natural  History 

Society— President  of,  The  College, 

Marlborough 

Marshall,  J.  T.,  Park  Dale,  Devizes 
Maskelyne,   E.  Story,  Hatt  House, 

Box,  Wilts 
Maskelyne,  N.  Story,  F.R.S.,  Bassett 

Down,  Swindon,  Wilts 
Master,  Rev.  G.  S.,  Bonrton  Grange, 

Flax  Bourton,  Bristol 
Matcham,  William  E.,  New  House, 

Salisbury 
Mayne,  Rev.Canon,Christian  Malford 

Vicarage,  Chippenham 
Mayo,  John  H.,  India  Office,  Lon- 
don, S.W. 
McNiven,  C.  F.,  Perrysfield,  Oxted, 

Surrey 

Mead,  G.  H.,  Devizes 
Meade,  Rev.  the  Hon.  S.,  Frankleigh 

House,  Bradford-on-Avon 
Medlicott,  H.  E.,  Sandfield,  Potterne 
Meek,  A.  Grant,  Hillworth  House, 

Devizes 

Meek,  H.  Edgar,  Devizes 
Mere  wether,  Rev.  W.  A.  S.,  North 

Bradley  Vicarage,  Trowbridge 


LIST   OP   MEMBERS. 


Vll 


Merriman,  E.  B.,  Marlborough 
Merriman,  R.  W.,  Marlborough 
Merriman,  T.  Mark,  25,Austin  Friars, 

London,  E.G.  [Court 

Methuen,  Major  Gen.  Lord,  Corsham 
Milford,  Rev.  R.  N.,  East  Knoyle 

Rectory,  Salisbury 
Milling,   Rev.   M.   J.   T.,   Vicarage, 

Ashton  Keynes,  Cricklade 
Mitchell,  Arthur  C.,  Cottles  House, 

Melksham 

Morgan,  W.  F.,  Warminster 
Morrice,  Rev.  Canon  W.   D.,    Holy 

Trinity  Vicarage,  Weymouth 
Mullings,    Richard   B.,    Woodville, 

Devizes 


Nelson,  Rt.   Hon.  Earl,  Trafalgar, 

Salisbury  [Salisbury 

Nelson,  Rt.  Hon.  Countess,  Trafalgar, 

Nightingale,Miss,The  Mount,  Wilton 

Normanton,  the  Rt.  Hon.  Earl  of,  7, 

Prince's    Garden,    Prince's  Gate, 

London,  S.W. 

Noyes,  George,    11,   Bassett    Road, 
Netting  Hill,  London,  W. 


Oliver,   Andrew,   7,    Bedford    Row, 

London,  W.C. 
Oliver,  Capt,  S.  P.,  F.S.A..  F.R.G.S., 

Anglesey,  Gosport  [Salisbury 

Olivier,  Rev.  Canon  Dacres,  Wilton, 
Olivier,    Rev.    H.   A.,   West  Green 

House,  Winchfield 
Owen,  D.,  31,  Long  Street,  Devizes 


Palmer,  George  LI.,  Trowbridge 
Parsons,  W.  F,,  Hunt's  Mill,  Wootton 

Bassett 
Pass,  Alfred  C.,  The  Holmes,  Stoke 

Bishop,  Bristol 
Passmore,  A.  D.,  Swindon 
Paul,  A.  H.,  The  Close,  Tetbury 
Pembroke  and  Montgomery,  Rt.  Hon. 

Earl,  Wilton  House,  Salisbury 
Penrose,    Rev.    J.,     West     Ashton 

Vicarage,  Trowbridge 
Penruddocke,    Rev.    J.    H.,    South 

Newton  Vicarage,  Wilton 
Philipps,  Rev.  Canon  Sir  J.  E.,  Bart., 

The  Vicarage,  Warminster 
Pinder,  R.  H.,  Hernhurst,  Florence 

Road,  Boscombe,  Bournemouth 


Piper,  H.  D.,  Bath  Road,  Swindon 
Pinniger,  Henry  W.,  Westbury 
Pitt-Rivers,     Lt -Gen.     Lane     Fox, 

F.R.S.,F.S.A.,Rushmore,Salisbury 
Plenderleath,  Rev.  W.  C.,  Mamhead 

Rectory,  Exeter  [Marlborough 
Ponting,  C.  E.,  F.S.A.,  Lockeridge, 
Poore,  Major  R.,  Old  Lodge,  Newton 

Toney,  Salisbury  [sett 

Price,  W.,  Broad  Town,  Wootton  Bas- 
Prower,  John  Elton,  110,  Elm  Park 

Gardens,  S.W. 

Powell,  JohnU.jBoreham,  Warminster 
Poynder,  Sir  J.  Dickson,  Bart.,  M.P., 

Hartham  Park,  Corsham 

Radcliffe,  C.  H.,  Salisbury 
Radcliffe,  F.  R.  Y.,  1,  Mitre  Court 

Buildings,  Temple,  London,  E.G. 
Radnor,  Right  Hon.  Earl,  Longford 

Castle,  Salisbury 
Radnor,    Right   Hon.   Countess   of, 

Longford  Castle,  Salisbury 
Randell,  J.  A.,  Devizes 
Ravenhill,  W.  W.,  10,  King's  Bench 

Walk,  Temple,  London,  E.G. 
Redman,  T.  E.,  Castle  Fields,  Calne 
Rich,SirC.H.S.,Bart.,F.S.A.,Devizes 

Castle  [ough 

Richardson,  H.,  Littlefield,  Marlbor- 
Richmond,  George,  R.A.,  20,  York 

Street,  Portman  Square,  London 
Rodway,  E.  B.,  Adcroft  House,  Trow- 
bridge [Salisbury 
Roe,  J.  Reed,  Wilts  County  Mirror, 
Rose,    G.   W.,    14,   Church    Street, 

Trowbridge 
Ross,  Rev.  A.  G.  Gordon,  11,  Park 

Lane,  New  Swindon 
Rudge,  Col.,  The  Highlands,  Calne 
Rumboll,    Charles    A.,    15,   Orange 

Grove,  Bath 

Rumsey,  D.  G.  Wilson,  Devizes 
Rutter,  J.  F.,  Mere,  Bath 

Salisbury,  The  Very  Rev.  the  Dean, 

The  Deanery,  Salisbury 
Saunders,    T.    Bush,     The    Priory, 

Bradford-on-Avon 

Schomberg,  Arthur,  Seend,Melksham 
Schomberg,  E.  C.,  Seend,  Melksham 
Seymour,  Rev.C.  F.,  Stratford  House, 

West  Hill,  Putney 
Short,    Rev.    W.   F.,   The  Rectory, 

Donhead  St.  Mary,  Salisbury 


Vlll 


LIST   OF    MEMBERS. 


Shopland,  James  R.,  Purton,  Swiudon 
Shum,  P.,  17,  Norfolk  Crescent,  Bath 
Sibbald,  J.  G.  E.,  Admiralty,  White- 
hall, London,  S.W.  [vizes 
Simpson,  G.,  Jun.,  Market  Place,  De- 
Ski-ine,  H.D.,  Claverton  Manor,  Bath 
Sloper,     Edwin,     Lombard    House, 
George     Yard,    Lombard    Street, 
London,  E.G.                [High worth 
Sloper,  George  O.»  Westrop  House, 
Slow,  Edward,  Wilton 
Smith,  Rev.  A.  C.,  Old  Park,  Devizes 
Smith,  H.  Herbert,  Buckhill,  Calne 
Smith,  J.  A.,  Market  Place,  Devizes 
Soames,  Rev.  C.,  Mildenhall,  Marl- 
borough                       [Chippenham 
Spicer,  Capt.  John  E.  P.,  Spye  Park, 
Squarey,  Elias  P., The  Moot,  Downton 
Stancomb,  J.  Perkins,  The  Prospect, 

Trowbridge 
Stancomb,  W.,  Blounts'  Court,  Pot- 

terne 

Staples,  T.  H.,  Belmont,  Salisbury 
Stevens,  Joseph,  Hurstbourne,  Alex- 
andra Road,  Reading 
Still,  Rev.   J.,    Halstock    Vicarage, 
Yeovil  [ham 

Stokes,  D.  J.,  Rowden  Hill,  Chippen- 
Stokes,     Robert,    Burroughs    Hill, 

Laverstock,  Salisbury 
Stratton,  William,  Kingston  Deverill, 

Wai-minster 

Strong,  Rev.  A.,  St.  Paul's  Rectory, 

Chippenham  [Chippenham 

Strong,  Rev.  W.,  St.  Paul's  Rectory, 

Swinhoe,     Dr.,    Park    House,  New 

Swindon 


Tait,  E.  S.,  M.D.,  48,  Highbury  Park, 

London,  N.  [penham 

Talbot,  C.  H.,  Lacock  Abbey,  Chip- 
Tatum ,  Ed  ward  J . ,  Solicitor ,  Salisbury 
Tayler,  G.  C.,  M.D.,  Lovemead 

House,  Trowbridge  [Devizes 

Taylor,  S.  Watson,  Erlestoke  Park, 
Thomas,  Mrs.,  Blunsden  Abbey, 

High  worth 
Thomson,  Mulville,  M.D.,  Manvers 

House,  Bradford-on-Avon 
Thynne,  Rev.  A.  B.,  Seend,Melksham 
Toppin,  Rev.  G.  Pilgrim,  Broad  Town 

Vicarage,  Wootton  Bassett  [minster 
Torrance,  Mrs.,  Norton  House,  War- 
Trepplin,  E.  C.,  F.S.A,,  Vasterne 

Manor  House,  Woottou  Bassett 


Trotter,  Rev.  Canon  H.,  The  Rectory, 
Trowbridge  [Malmesbury 

Tucker,  Rev.G.  Windsor,  Ingleburne, 

Tucker,  Silas,  Spencer  House,  Lark- 
hall  Rise,  Clapham,  London,  S.W. 

Tudor,H.Owen,Wilcot  Manor,Pewsey 

Usher,  Ephraim,  Ethandune,  Hil- 
perton  Road,  Trowbridge 

Wadworth,  H.  A.,  Breinton  Court, 

Hereford  [Salisbury 

Waitt,   Rev.  T.  Brace,  The  Palace, 
Wakeman,  Herbert  J.,  Warminster 
Walker,  Rev.  R.  Z.,  Boyton  Rectory, 

Bath  [Trowbridge 

Walker,  William,  Longfield  House, 
Walters,  Rev.  J.  V.,  Cherhill  Rectory, 

Calne  [Bavaria 

Ward,   Col.   M.   F.,    Partenkirchen, 
Waldron,    James,    Marridge     Hill, 

Ramsbury,  Wilts 
Warre,    Rev.   Canon   F.,    Vicarage, 

Bemerton,  Salisbury 
Waylen,  G.  S.  A.,  Devizes 
Waylen,  J.,  64,  Lillie  Road,  Fulham, 

London.  S.W. 
Waylen,  R.  P.,  Devizes 
Wayte,  Rev.  W.,  6,  Onslow  Square, 

London,  S.W. 

Webb,  C.  W.  H.,  Trowbridge 
Welsh,   Rev.   J.    H.,    St.  Boniface 

College-,  Warminster 
Whinfield,  E.  H.,  The  Hollies,  Gipsy 

Road,  West  Nor  wood,  London,  S.E. 
Whytehead,  Rev.  H.  R.,  St.  Peter's 

Vicarage,  Marlborough 
Wilkins,  Henry,  High  Street,  Calne 
Willis,  F.M.,  Steeple  Ashton,  Trow- 
bridge 
Wilshin,  John,  Capital  and  Counties 

Bank,  Devizes 
Wilson,  J.,  M.A.,  Lancaster  House, 

Balham,  London,  S.W. 
Winterscale,  Col.  J.  F.  M.,  Buckleigh, 

Westward  Ho 
Wood,  Rev.  S.  Theodore,  Hilperton 

Rectory,  Trowbridge 
Wyld,  Rev.  C.  N.,  St.  Martin's  Rec- 
tory, Salisbury  [Melksham 
Wyld,   Rev.   Edwin    G.,    Vicarage, 


Yates,  Pardoe,  Glencairn,  Wilton 
Yeo,  D.  J.,  The  Banks,  Lyneham, 
Chippenham 


Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library.  191 

Wiltshire  Feast,  Sermon,  preached  at  St.  Mary  le  Bow.     E.  Felling,  Rector. 

1682. 
First  Fruits  of  Gentiles,  three  Sermons  preached  at  Cathedral,  by  B.  Parsons, 

of  Collingbourne  Kingston.     1618. 
Cain  and  Abel — Sermon,  preached  at  St.  Thomas's,  Sarum,  by  H.  Glover. 

January  30th,  1664. 
Sermon,  preached  at  Sarum,  to  a  Congregation  of  Protestant  Dissenters,  by 

Samuel  Roberts.     1745. 

On  Death  of  Rev.  John  Still— Sermon  preached  by  F.  C.  Harbin.     1839. 
Presented  by  Rev.  G.  P.  TOPPIN  :— 

Sermon  in  Memoriam  Rev.  H.  A.  L.  Grindle,  Vicar  of  St.  Peter's,  Devizes. 

By  Rev.  W.  P.  S.  Bingham.     1885. 
Purtou  Cottage  Hospital,  Rules  and  Annual  Reports  from  its  opening  in 

1877  to  its  closing  in  1892  (complete). 
Presented  by  the  Rev.  Canon  WAERB  : — A  Collection  of  Papers  relating  to  the 

Parish  of  Bemerton.     In  Memoriam  George  Herbert.     1893. 

Purchased  : — 
Books : — 

J.  Easton,  Antiquities  of  Old  Sarum,  &c.     1818. 

Authentic  Account  of  Old  and  New  Sarum.     Boyter.     1795. 

Clapperton's  Stonehenge  Handbook.     1858. 

Memoir  of  Maria  Gundry,  of  Calne.     1851. 

Antiquitates  Sarisburienses,  &c.     1771. 

Historical  and  Descriptive  Account  of  Old  and  New  Sarum.     1834. 

Historia  Translationis  Veteris  ecclesise  Beatae  Mariae  Sarum  ad  Novam. 

Horse  Sarisburienses.     By  the  Pupils  of  the  kte  Dr.  Radcliffe.     1829. 

Mountain,  Anne,  Old  and  New  Sarum,  &c.     From  Wiltshire  Ballads.  1862. 

Herbert  (Hon.  A.),  Cyclops  Christianus,  Stonehenge,  &c.     1849. 

Bowles  (Rev.  W.  L.),  Annals  of  Lacock  Abbey,  &c.     1835. 

Maton  (G.),  Nat.  Hist,  of  part  of  Wilts.     1843. 

Moody  (H.),  Notes  and  Essays  relating  to  Hants  and  Wilts.     1851. 

Morris  (W.),  Swindon  Fifty  Years  Ago.     Reminiscences,  Notes,  &c. 

Hulme  (F.  E.),  Town,  College  and  Neighbourhood  of  Marlborough.      1881. 

Pocock  (Mrs.  R.  R.),  Longleat  Views.     185—. 

Stephen    Duck,  the  Wiltshire  Bard,  Works   of,  with  some  account  of  his 
Life  and  Writings.     1753. 

Edwards   (W.S.),    Biographical  Records  of  Joseph  Rawling,  of  Bearfield, 
Bradford.     1866. 

Scudder  (H.,  of  Collingbourne  Ducis),  The  Christian's  Daily  Walk.      1690. 
Pamphlets  : — 

More  (Hannah),  The  Shepherd  of  Salisbury  Plain. 

Salisbury  Cathedral  Restoration,  Report  on,  &c.     1874. 

Newton  (C.),  Notes  on  Sculpture  at  Wilton  House.     1849. 

Bishop  Hamilton  and  Bishop  Denison— Letters  on  Cathedral  Reform.  1855. 

Quarterly  Review,  article  on  Wilts.     Review  of  Hoare,  &c.     1858. 

Jones  (Canon  W.  H.),  Canon  or  Prebendary. 

Ditto  Sermons.     1846,  1849. 


192  Additions  to  the  Museum  and  Library. 

Articles  of  Association  of  Salisbury  Diocesan  Board  of  Finance. 
Philipps  (Sir  J.  E.),  Sermon,  Warmiuster.     1864. 

Acquired  by  Exchange  : — 

Belfast  Naturalist  Field  Club,  Report,  1892-3. 

Hertfordshire  Natural  History  Society,  Transactions^  vol.  vii.,  Parts  5 

and  6. 

Clifton  Antiquarian  Club,  Proceedings,  vol.  ii.,  part  3. 
Bristol  Naturalists'  Society,  Proceedings,  vol.  vii.,  part  2. 
Surrey  Archaeological  Society,  Collections,  vol.  ii.,  part  2. 
Cardiff  Naturalist  Society,  Report,  vol.  xxv.,  part  1. 
Society  of  Antiquaries  of  London,  Proceedings,  vol.  xiv.,  No.  3. 
British  Archaeological  Association,  Journal,  vol.  xlix.,  Part  2. 
Bath   Natural   History   and  Antiquarian  Field   Club,  Proceedings, 

vol.  vii.,  No.  4. 
American.     Report  U.S.  National  Museum,  1890. 

Proceedings  U.S.  National  Museum,  vol.  xiv.,  1891. 
Bulletin  U.S.  National  Museum,  No.  40. 
Instructions  for  Collecting  MollusTcs.     W.  H.  Dall. 
Directions  for  Collecting  Insects.     G.  V.  Ridley. 
Notes  on  the  Preparation  of  Rough  Skeletons.     F.  A.  Lucas. 
Directions  for  Collecting  Birds'  Eggs  and  Nests.    C.  Bendire. 
„  „  Reptiles,  8fc.     L.  Stejnegar. 

„  „  Recent  and  Fossil  Plants.       F.  H 

Knowlton, 

„  „  Birds.     R.  Eidgway. 

Prairie  Ground  Squirrels  of  the  Mississippi  Valley.     V. 

Bailey. 
-ZV.  American  Fauna.     U.S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 


HURRY  &  PEARSON,  Printers  and  Publishers,  Devi/es. 


THE 


WILTSHIRE  MAGAZINE. 


"MULTOEUM  MANIBUS  GRANDE  LEVATUE  ONUS." — Ovid. 
THE    FORTIETH    GENERAL    MEETING 

OF   THE 

BHtttsfjiw  Archaeological  anfc  Natural  JUtstorg  Societg, 

HELD   AT  WARMINSTER, 
July  26M,  27^,  and  28^,  1893, 

THE   PRESIDENT   OP   THE   SOCIETY, 

LT.-GEN.  PITT-RIVERS,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.,  &c., 

In  the  Chair.1 

Society  had  not  met  at  Wai-minster  since  1877,  and  it 
was  accordingly  selected  as  the  place  of  meeting  for  1893. 
A  Local  Committee  had  worked  most  assiduously  beforehand  to  make 
it  a  success,  and  collected  a  sum  of  nearly  £80  in  the  locality  to- 
wards defraying  the  expenses,  out  of  which  luncheon  on  the  two 
days'  Excursions,  and  light  refreshments  at  the  evening  Conver- 
saziones were  provided.  Indeed,  all  the  arrangements  for  the 
comfort  of  those  attending  the  Meeting  were  made  on  a  lavish  and 
liberal  scale,  and  at  the  conclusion  a  considerable  balance  made  an 
extremely  welcome  addition  to  the  Society's  general  funds. 

The  proceedings  began  on  the  26th  with  the  GENERAL 
MEETING,  which  was  held  at  the  Town  Hall  at  4  o'clock,  about 
fifty  persons  being  present.  GENERAL  PITT-RIVERS  gave  an  account 
of  his  latest  excavation  at  RUSHMORE— that  of  the  South  Lodge 
Camp— illustrated,  as  his  papers  always  are,  by  numerous  diagrams, 
and  by  two  models  of  the  camp — one  of  the  ground  as  it  was 
before  excavation,  the  other  as  it  appeared  when  the  trench  had  been 

1  The  Editor  desires  to  acknowledge  the  assistance  he  has  received  in  preparing 
this  report  from  the  pages  of  the  Swindon  Advertiser  and  the  Warminstcr  and 
Westbury  Journal. 
VOL-    xvvn  — N(X   LXXXI.  P 


194;  The  Fortieth   General  Meeting. 

fully  cleared  out.     A  number  of  photos  of  the  excavations,  and  the 
principal  objects  found  in  them,  were  also  exhibited. 

After  a  vote  of  thanks  had  been  moved  by  Mr.  C.  N.  P.  PHIPPS, 
and  seconded  by  Mr.  H.  E.  MEDLICOTT,  the  President  briefly  replied, 
and  referring1  to  his  museum  at  Farnham,  said  that  he  had  given 
special  attention  to  the  construction  of  models  of  excavations — 
showing  the  exact  position  in  which  the  various  articles  had  been 
discovered.  This  was  really  the  most  important  thing  to  note, 
because  it  was  the  only  evidence  by  which  the  age  of  earthworks 
could  be  established.  If  the  objects  found  in  excavating  a  camp 
or  a  barrow  were  all  mixed  together  without  any  record  of  the  exact 
relative  positions  in  which  they  were  found,  they  might  be  interesting 
in  themselves,  but  they  probably  proved  little  or  nothing  as  to  the 
age  of  the  work  excavated.  For  instance,  the  finding  of  Roman 
coins  or  pottery  in  an  earthwork  might  prove  either  nothing  at  all, 
or  everything,  as  to  its  date,  according  as  they  were  found  on  the 
surface  of  the  work  or  deep  down  under  the  bank  on  the  level  of 
the  original  soil.  All  excavators,  therefore,  should  bear  in  mind 
that  the  really  important  thing  in  excavations  is  to  make  a  careful 
and  accurate  record  of  the  •exact  position  and  depth  at  which  each 
object  is  found,  by  which  alone  the  age  of  any  work  can  be  de- 
termined. 

Mr.  MEDLICOTT  then  read  the 

ANNUAL    REPORT. 

"THE  KEPOBT  OF  THE  COMMITTEE  OF  THE  WILTSHIEE  ARCHAEOLOGICAL 
AND  NATUEAL  HISTOEY  SOCIETY  FOE  1892-3. 

"  The  Committee  has  the  pleasure  of  reporting  that  the  Society  continues  to 
prosper.  As  time  goes  on  the  interest  in  its  proceedings  and  in  its  publications 
does  not  appear  to  wane.  On  the  1st  instant  we  had  on  the  books  twenty-five 
life  Members,  three  hundred  and  fifty  annual  Members,  and  twenty  exchange 
Members,  or  a  total  of  three  hundred  and  ninety-three,  as  against  three  hundred 
and  ninety-eight  on  the  same  date  last  year.  During  the  year  ending  30th  June 
last  twenty-eight  new  Members  were  elected,  and  since  that  date  nine  names 
have  been  added  to  the  list.  There  have  been  eight  losses  by  death  during  the 
same  period,  amongst  which  the  Society  has  specially  to  deplore  the  deaths  of 
the  Rev.  Canon  Goddard,  an  original  Member;  of  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Lukis,  also  an 
original  Member,  and  one  of  the  Society's  first  Secretaries,  of  whom  an  obituary 
notice  appears  in  the  last  number  of  the  Magazine  ;  and  of  Mr.  West  Awdry. 


Annual  Report.  195 

There  have  been  no  less  than  seventeen  resignations,  for  the  most  part  without 
cause  assigned,  and  amongst  Members  of  but  recent  standing. 

"  A  copy  of  the  audited  accounts  for  1892  is  printed  with  the  last  number  of 
the  Magazine.  The  receipts  for  the  year  are  considerably  above  the  average,  as 
is  also  the  sale  of  the  Society's  Magazines  and  other  publications,  while  on  the 
other  hand  the  expenses  at  the  Museum  and  some  other  items  of  account  having 
slightly  decreased,  the  balance  carried  forward  is  larger  than  for  some  years  past. 
The  published  accounts  do  not  include  the  special  subscription  for  a  memorial  to 
the  Eev.  Canon  Jackson.  The  amount  promised  is  not  yet  sufficient  to  justify 
the  Committee  in  carrying  out  the  scheme  for  the  enlargement  of  the  Society's 
Museum.  The  project  has  not  been  lost  sight  of,  and  it  is  hoped  it  may  in  time 
be  realised.  The  list  of  donations  to  the  Museum  and  Library,  which  will  be 
found  at  the  end  of  each  number  of  the  Magazine,  show  that  our  treasures  are 
being  constantly  added  to,  but  this  very  increase  brings  the  Committee  face  to 
face,  whenever  it  meets,  with  the  impossibilty  of  displaying  to  any  advantage 
the  many  objects  of  interest  entrusted  to  the  Society.  We  know  as  a  fact  that, 
had  we  space,  further  collections  of  interest  and  importance  would  soon  find  their 
way  into  our  hands.  The  Society  has  to  thank  Mr.  Willis,  of  Steeple  Ashton, 
for  arranging  the  '  Wiltshire  Trade  Tokens,'  at  the  same  time  adding  largely  to 
the  collection  and  preparing  a  careful  and  accurate  catalogue  of  them,  which  is 
published  with  the  last  Magazine.  The  work  of  cataloguing  the  contents  of  the 
Library  is  still  in  hand. 

"Our  collection  of  English  coins  is  a  long  way  from  being  complete,  but 
we  have  recently  received  a  very  considerable  addition  to  their  number  from  Mr. 
H.  N.  Goddard,  to  whom  the  thanks  of  the  Society  are  due. 

"  The  Committee  appeal  to  all  Members  of  the  Society  to  assist  in  making  the 
Society's  Library  a  real  library  of  reference  for  all  Wiltshire  matters  by  presenting 
to  it  books,  pamphlets,  newspaper  cuttings,  sale  catalogues,  drawings  or 
engravings— whether  of  ancient  or  modern  date— on  all  subjects  connected  in 
any  way  with  Wiltshire  or  written  by  Wiltshire  men.  Things  which  would 
otherwise  go  into  the  waste-paper  basket  will  prove  valuable  material  for  history 
if  thus  preserved. 

"  It  is  hoped  that  a  full  and  complete  catalogue  of  the  Stourhead  Collection 
may  be  undertaken  before  another  year  passes.  The  great  value  and  importance 
of  this  collection  is  little  known  except  among  experts.  The  Committee  regard 
it  as  a  duty,  even  at  some  considerable  expense,  to  have  a  catalogue  worthy  of  the 
collection  prepared  and  printed. 

"  Numbers  78  and  79  of  the  Magazine  have  been  issued  since  our  last  Meeting, 
the  former  completing  the  26th  volume.  The  Committee  ventures  to  offer  its 
opinion  that  the  interest,  value,  and  importance  of  the  Society's  Journal  is  fully 
maintained.  Whilst  recognising  the  support  of  the  former  contributors  of 
papers,  the  Society  welcomes  new  workers. 

"  Attention  is  called  to  the  report  at  the  end  of  No.  79  on  the  '  Transcription 
and  Publication  of  Parish  Registers,'  which  contains  valuable  suggestions  to  all 
who  are  anxious  to  assist  in  the  preservation  and  transcription  of  such  documents. 
It  will  be  remembered  that  among  the  notices  to  Members  a  resolution  of  the 
Committee  has  long  been  recorded  desiring  that  every  encouragement  should  be 
given  towards  obtaining  second  copies  of  Wiltshire  parish  registers. 

p  2 


196  The  Fortieth  General  Heeling. 

"An  effort  is  being  made,  under  the  auspices  of  the  Lord  Bishop  of  the  Diocese, 
to  compile  a  '  Catalogue  of  Portraits/  in  the  possession  of  private  owners  in  the 
county.  The  Committee  commends  this  to  its  Members  as  a  means  of  throwing 
light  on  county  history.  As  in  the  case  of  the  Stourhead  Collection,  the  assistance 
and  direction  of  experts  with  time  and  money  at  command,  is  required  to  bring 
this  project  to  a  successful  issue. 

"  Following  the  precedent  of  our  last  report,  we  may  call  attention  to  some 
notable  works  of  preservation  of  ancient  buildings  during  the  past  year.  Chiseldon 
Church  presents  a  model  of  what  so-called  restoration  should  consist  in.  Happily 
the  mural  monuments  have  been  allowed  to  remain  undisturbed  on  the  walls  of 
the  nave  and  chancel.  The  old  ledger-stones  forming  the  floor  have  not  been 
displaced  by  encaustic  tiles,  and  there  has  been  no  scraping  at  all  of  the  surface 
of  the  old  stone-work. 

"  It  was  a  source  of  much  gratification  to  the  Committee  that  General  Pitt- 
Eivers  consented  to  hold  the  office  of  President  for  one  year  longer.  The  Society 
has  gained  distinction  by  having  had  for  its  President  for  four  years  one  so 
deservedly  regarded  as  a  leading  authority  on  all  archaeological  matters,  and  who 
has  devoted  time  and  money,  health  and  energy  to  the  pursuit  of  antiquarian 
research,  especially  in  connection  with  the  great  prehistoric  earthworks  in  which 
Wiltshire  abounds.  The  Committee  will  recommend  that  General  Pitt-Rivers 
shall  be  added  to  the  list  of  Vice-Presidents,  with  a  view  to  a  more  permanent 
connection  with  so  valued  a  Member  of  the  Society. 

"  Having  travelled  last  year  outside  the  boundary  of  the  far  northern  portion 
of  the  county,  the  Committee  selected  Warminster  as  the  place  for  its  General 
Meeting  in  1893.  Meetings  were  held  in  this  town  in  1856  and  1877.  The 
welcome  extended  to  the  Society  on  both  these  occasions  by  the  Marquis  of  Bath 
as  President,  and  by  a  large  committee  of  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  and 
neighbourhood,  encouraged  the  hope  of  a  like  reception  in  1893.  The  officials  of 
the  Society  have  been  so  well  received  that  they  feel  confident  that  such  hope 
will  be  realised." 

THE  PRESIDENT  then  moved  that  Sir  H.  B.  Meux,  Bt.,  be  elected 
President  of  the  Society  for  the  ensuing  three  years,  which  was 
seconded  by  the  Rev.  E.  H.  GODDARD,  and  carried  unanimously. 

Mr.  H.  J.  WAKEMAN  proposed  that  General  Pitt-Rivers  be  ap- 
pointed a  Vice-President  of  the  Society  for  life,  and  that  the  Officers 
of  the  Society  be  re-appointed. 

The  Meeting  then  concluded,  and  the  Members  inspected  the 
various  exhibits  arranged  in  an  adjoining  room — the  most  notable 
being  two  fine  series  of  really  valuable  coins  exhibited  by  Mr.  T.  H. 
Baker,  of  Mere  Down,  and  Mr.  J.  E.  Halliday,  of  Warminster ; 
together  with  a  case  containing  twenty-eight  of  the  famous  Breme- 
ridge  Nobles  (cf.  vol.  xxi.,  p.  121),  lent  by  Mr.  Phipps.  Mr.  Baker 
also  showed  a  large  volume  in  which  he  has  most  carefully  transcribed 


The  Dinner.  197 

the  whole  of  the  very  early  churchwardens'  accounts  of  Mere.  It  is 
much  to  be  hoped  that  some  considerable  portion  of  these  accounts 
may  be  printed  by  the  Society  at  no  distant  date.  Amongst  other 
interesting  exhibits  was  a  box  of  clippings  from  silver  coins  of 
Elizabeth's  reign,  found  in  an  old  house  near  Frome,  and  certain 
relics  found  quite  recently  with  a  skeleton  at  Southgrove  Farm, 
Collingbourne.  These  had  been  submitted  to  Mr.  Read,  of  the 
British  Museum,  who  pronounced  them  to  be  of  Roman  or  Romano  - 
British  date.  They  consisted  of  the  bone  handle  of  a  dagger  or 
knife,  part  of  a  pair  of  tweezers,  and  several  ornamented  pieces  of 
bone,  together  with  iron  objects,  which  Mr.  Read  thought  might 
have  been  portions  of  the  cross-bow,  of  which  the  bone  catch,  or 
trigger,  was  in  fairly  good  preservation.  There  are  two  or  three  of 
these  cross-bow  catches  in  the  British  Museum,  but  they  are  in- 
teresting and  not  commonly  found.  This  cross-bow  was  evidently 
buried  with  its  owner. 

At  5  o'clock  the  Rev.  SIR  JAMES  and  LADY  PHILIPPS  received 
the  party  at  tea  at  the  Vicarage,  and  afterwards  conducted  them 
over  the  Parish  Church,  lately  re-built  on  an  enlarged  scale  by  Sir 
A.  Blomfield,  containing  good  new  glass,  and  altogether  forming  a 
fine  modern  Church — the  one  interesting  example  of  old  work  being 
a  very  small  and  plain  eleventh  century  window  in  what  was  the 
east  wall  of  the  Norman  south  transept.  This  was  found  built  up 
in  the  wall  during  the  re-building,  and  has  been  carefully  preserved . 
The  Chapel  of  St.  Lawrence  was  also  inspected,  but  contains 
nothing  of  interest  except  its  picturesque  tower. 

The  DINNER,  at  which  fifty-one  sat  down,  was  held  in  the 
Town  Hall,  at  7  o'clock.  After  the  usual  toasts,  the  Rev.  SIR  J.  E. 
PHILIPPS  proposed  "  Success  to  the  Society  "  and  GEN.  PITT-RIVERS, 
in  replying,  said  that  he  thought  the  Society  was  doing  really  good 
work  and  keeping  up  the  interest  in  archaiological  matters  in  the 
county  well.  Of  course  the  county  was  not  a  scientific  division, 
and  perhaps  the  action  of  the  Society  last  year  when  it  united  with 
the  Gloucestershire  Society  mio-ht  point  to  the  direction  in  which 
local  societies  like  our  own  might  possibly  develope  in  the  future. 
From  many  points  of  view  a  strong  South- Western  Society,  formed 


198  The  Fortieth   General  Meeting. 

by  the  union  of  the  present  Wiltshire,  Gloucestershire,  Dorsetshire, 
and  Somersetshire  Societies,  would  be  likely  to  be  of  more  permanent 
and  scientific  value  than  the  present  local  societies.  At  the  same 
time  he  recognised  that  there  would  in  such  a  union  be  a  loss  of 
esprit  de  corps,  as  well  as  a  weakening  of  the  social  side  of  the  local 
societies'  operations,  and  in  any  case  the  time  was  not  ripe  for  such 
an  amalgamation,  and  if  it  ever  came  it  must  come  naturally,  and 
could  not  be  forced. 

THE  PRESIDENT  then  proposed  the  health  of  Mr.  W.  F.  Morgan 
and  the  Rev.  J.  F.  Welch,  the  Local  Secretaries,  to  whom  the 
Society  was  so  much  indebted  for  the  success  of  the  Meeting.  Those 
gentlemen  having  responded,  the  health  of  the  General  Honorary 
Secretaries  was  proposed  aud  responded  to. 

The  company  then  adjourned  to  the  Conversazione  in  the  upper 
room,  which  had  been  nicely  decorated  with  foliage  plants  for  the 
occasion — tea  and  coffee  being  provided  by  the  kindness  of  the 
Local  Committee. 

Mr.  C.  H.  TALBOT  read  his  paper,  entitled  "  A  Plea  for  the 
Further  Investigation  of  the  Architectural  History  of  Longleat,"  to 
a  large  audience.  This  was  followed  by  a  paper,  written  by  the 
late  Rev.  DB.  DIXON  and  read  by  Mr.  S.  B.  DIXON,  on  "  Notes  on 
a  Sun- Dial  from  the  Monastery  of  Ivy  Church" — the  dial  itself 
being  exhibited  in  illustration  of  the  paper;  and,  lastly,  came  a 
paper  on  the  "  History  of  Hill  Deverill,"  by  Mr.  J.  U.  POWELL. 
This  last,  it  is  hoped,  may  in  the  future  be  printed  in  a  more  extended 
form.  The  other  papers  will  be  found  in  the  present  number  of  the 
Magazine. 

The  intervals  between  the  papers  were  enlivened  with  vocal  and 
instrumental  music  by  the  Rev.  R.  POWLEY,  the  Rev.  J.  F.  WELSB, 
and  Mr.  Jackson. 

THURSDAY,    JULY   27ra. 

The  previous  evening  had  been  rainy,  and  the  morning  opened 
with  a  shower  or  two,  but  as  the  day  wore  on  and  the  party  started 
in  breaks  at  9.15  from  the  Town  Hall,  the  weather  cleared  and 
nothing  could  have  been  more  delightful  than  the  drive  through 


Thursday,  July  Nth.       -  199 

the  woods  and  park  of  LONGLEAT.  The  sun  shone  brightly  and 
made  the  lights  and  shades  on  the  wonderful  woodland  scenery 
such  as  they  only  can  be  after  rain,  while  at  the  same  time  it  was 
not  too  hot  to  enjoy  the  walk  to  Heaven's  Gate  and  across  the  park 
thoroughly.1 

The  inspection  of  the  house  by  so  large  a  party  occupied  a  con- 
siderable time,  as  only  thirty  persons  were  allowed  to  be  shown 
round  at  once;  and  in  consequence  the  many  objects  of  interest — 
the  decorations  of  the  rooms  themselves — the  many  portraits  and 
other  pictures — the  china  and  the  fine  specimens  of  furniture  could 
only  be  seen  a  good  deal  more  hurriedly  than  many  would  have 
wished  to  see  them.  The  visit  to  the  roof  was  especially  interesting 
as  showing  what  Mr.  Talbot  in  his  paper  had  dwelt  upon,  viz.,  the 
gables  of  the  older  building  on  the  inside  replaced  on  the  outside  by 
the  horizontal  parapet. 

The  next  move  was  to  WOODHOUSE  FARM,  a  walk  of  some 
half  a  mile  from  the  point  where  the  breaks  stopped,  where  a  ruined 
circular  chamber  with  very  thick  walls,  which  seem  of  comparatively 
modern  date,  appear  to  constitute  the  sole  remains  of  Woodhouse 

1  By  the  kindness  of  Mr.  H.  P.  Jones  the  following  interesting  particulars, 
taken  from  accurate  measurements  made  in  1877,  of  some  of  the  largest  trees  in 
Longleat,  are  available  : — 

The  six  Silver  Firs  in  the  "  High  Wood  "  vary  from  100  to  135  feet  in  height, 
and  contain  from  300  to  500  feet  of  timber;  whilst  others  in  '  The  Grove  "  are 
estimated  to  be  140  feet  high  and  to  contain  from  280  to  550  feet  of  timber. 

Of  Oak  trees,  five  in  the  "  Pheasantry  Piece  "  are  95  feet  in  height  and  contain 
respectively  320,  400,  484,  651,  and  700  feet  of  timber  ;  whilst  nine  others  in 
"The  Grove"  vary  from  60  to  100  feet  in  height,  and  from  500  to  1100  cubic 
feet  in  contents. 

There  is  a  Spanish  Che,snut  in  "  The  Grove "  100  feet  high  and  containing 
400  feet  of  timber  ;  whilst  the  largest  Elms  vary  from  105  to  115  feet  in  height, 
and  from  600  to  650  feet  in  contents. 

There  are  five  Lime  trees  110  to  125  feet  high,  and  containing  from  500  to 
540  feet  of  timber. 

The  largest  Abele  Poplar  in  "  The  Grove  "  measured  60  feet  from  the  ground 
to  the  first  branch,  110  feet  to  the  top,  and  contained  467  feet  of  timber  with 
the  bark. 

Of  exotic  trees  a  Taxodium  sempervirens  planted  in  1852  had  attained  a 
height  of  83  feet  in  1877  ;  a  Salisburia  adiantifolla  was  65  feet  high  ;  a 
Wellingtonia  planted  in  1861  was  68  feet  high,  and  an  Abies  Douylassii 
planted  in  1866  was  74  feet. 


200  The   'Fortieth  General  Meeting. 

Castle — the  scene  of  some  sharp  fighting  during  the  Civil  War. 
The  Rev.  J.  F.  WELSH  here  gave  an  interesting  account  of  what  is 
known  of  the  historical  events  connected  with  the  spot.  After  this 
the  party  proceeded  through  Horningsham  to  SHEARWATER, 
where  an  excellent  lunch,  provided  by  the  liberality  of  the  Local 
Committee,  awaited  them.  After  the  thanks  of  the  Society  to 
Lord  and  Lady  Bath  had  been  expressed  by  Mr.  C.  A.  BLEECK,  a 
few  minutes  were  allowed  for  the  enjoyment  of  the  scenery  of  the 
beautiful  sheet  of  water  before  the  carriages  were  ready  to  take  the 
party  on  to  LONGBRIDGE  DEVERILL,  where  the  Church — described 
by  Mr.  PONTING — and  the  seventeenth  century  almshouses  which 
group  so  well  with  it  as  seen  from  the  road,  were  visited.  In  the 
latter  the  original  oak  staircases  to  the  upper  rooms.,  and  the 
panelling,  though  plain,  are  of  some  interest. 

A  short  drive  further  brought  the  Members  to  HILL  DEVERILL, 
where  the  exceedingly  unpromising-looking  Church  was  visited 
for  the  sake  of  the  fine  Ludlow  altar-tomb  and  the  curious 
wooden  tablets  of  the  Cokers.  Close  by  is  the  interesting  old 
manor-house  of  the  Ludlows,  now  a  farm — the  front  of  the  house 
being  good  work  of  about  1700,  whilst  the  back  is  of  olderElizabetban 
work,  and  the  immense  barn  against  which  it  is  built  is  of  the 
fifteenth  century — the  earliest  work  of  all  being  a  low  range  of 
buildings  circa  1420,  now  forming  the  stables,  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  yard,  which  still  retains  a  fine  doorway  with  interesting 
details,  and  its  original  roof.  This  probably  formed  the  entrance  to 
the  original  house.  The  fullest  liberty  to  inspect  these  interesting 
buildings  was  kindly  allowed  the  party  by  the  owner,  Mr.  Stratton. 

A  further  drive  and  a  stiffish  climb  on  foot  brought  the  party  to 
the  ramparts  of  BATTLESBURY  CAMP,  where  a  grand  view,  and 
— what  perhaps  for  the  moment  was  even  more  appreciated  by 
the  majority — an  excellent  cup  of  tea,  provided  by  the  forethought 
of  the  Local  Committee,  awaited  them. 

Probably  few  who  had  not  visited  this  camp  before  were  prepared 
to  find  it,  as  it  certainly  was,  one  of  the  greatest  treats  of  this 
year's  Meeting,  the  double  line  of  earthworks  it  presents  round  its 
entire  circumference  of  a  mile  having  a  most  striking  effect,  and 


Thursday,  July  Nth.  201 

giving1  one  the  impression  that  it  must  have  been  in  its  day  a  position  of 
very  great  strength.  The  Rev.  J.  F.  WELSH,  in  a  few  words,  stated 
the  opinion  of  some  authorities,  founded  apparently  on  the  find  of 
some  Roman  coins  in  the  north-west  angle  in  1773,  that  the  camp 
was  of  Roman  origin — but  GENERAL  PiTT-RiVEps,  whilst  declaring 
that  nothing  but  the  spade  used  scientifically  could  settle  the  date 
of  this  or  any  other  camp,  said  that  it  was  almost  certainly  not 
Roman.  The  Romans  might  have  occupied  it  doubtless,  but  it  was 
almost  certainly  formed  by  a  people  who  depended  much  upon 
missile  weapons  for  defence,  which  the  Romans  themselves  did  not. 
Moreover,  it  was  not  the  habit  of  the  Roman  commanders  to  form 
hill-forts,  such  as  this,  nor  did  they  throw  up  great  earthworks  of 
this  kind — they  did  not  respect  their  enemies  sufficiently  to  take 
the  trouble  to  do  so.  On  the  contrary,  Roman  camps  were  generally 
found  on  comparatively  low  ground,  and  the  earthworks  surrounding 
them  were  by  no  means  of  such  magnitude  as  those  of  the  British 
camps.  Whilst  walking  round  the  ramparts  the  General  pointed 
out  how  the  inner  rampart,  originally  probably  5  or  6  feet  higher 
than  at  present,  would  have  commanded  the  steep  escarpment  of  the 
down  to  a  much  greater  extent  than  it  does  now,  and  also  how—- 
where the  ground  is  comparatively  level  at  the  two  ends  of  the  camp 
— a  third  line  of  rampart  is  constructed  to  form  an  additional  defence. 
He  also  pointed  out  that  the  entrances  to  the  camp  were  probably 
not  direct  openings  in  the  embankments,  but  narrow  ways  running 
for  some  distance  parallel  with  the  banks,  and  then  turning  at 
right-angles  through  them,  being  overlapped  by  the  outer  rampart. 
GENERAL  PITT-RIVERS  considered  that,  so  far  as  appearances  went, 
it  was  probable  that  the  barrow,  which  stands  in  the  lines  of  the 
fortification,  was  constructed  later  than  the  camp — but  here  again 
he  said  nothing  could  be  proved  except  by  the  scientific  excavation 
of  the  barrow  itself  and  the  rampart  adjoining  it.  The  mere  opening 
of  the  barrow  in  such  a  case  was  useless  for  purposes  of  evidence. 
The  great  object  was  to  find  the  original  undisturbed  surface  under 
the  earthwork,  and  then  if  you  could  find  coins,  fragments  of  pottery, 
or  other  objects  capable  of  being  dated,  on  that  original  surface, 
you  would  know  that  they  were  there  before  the  earthwork  was 


202  The  Fortieth   General  Meeting. 

thrown  up,  and  so  would  have  ascertained  the  earliest  possible  date 
of  the  work  itself. 

At  the  Conversazione  in  the  evening  a  paper  on  the  Corporation- 
Plate  and  Insignia  of  Wiltshire  was  read  by  the  Rev.  E.  H, 
GODDARD  :  the  paper  being  illustrated  by  full-  sized  drawings  of  all 
the  Wiltshire  maces.  This  was  followed  by  an  account  by  Mr.  B. 
H.  CUNNINGTON  of  an  important  find  of  urns  and  of  the  kilns  in 
which  they  were  baked,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Pewsey,  in  1H93. 
Both  these  papers  will  be  found  at  a  future  page  of  the  Magazine. 


FRIDAY,   JULY   28 

On  Friday  morning  a  start  was  made  from  the  Town  Hall,  in 
breaks,  at  9.15.  The  first  stoppage  was  at  BUTTON  VENEY.  Here 
the  really  grand  new  Church,  by  Mr.  Pearson,  was  first  visited,  and 
then,  by  the  kindness  of  the  Rector,  the  Rev.  A.  W.  BOOKER,  the 
party  proceeded  to  the  Rectory,  where  the  fine  fourteenth  century 
roof  of  the  hall  of  what  was  formerly  the  manor-house  —  now  cut 
up  into  attics  —  was  inspected,  as  well  as  much  good  furniture  in 
different  parts  of  the  house.  The  remains  of  the  old  Church,  of 
which  only  the  chancel  is  preserved  intact  —  the  nave  being  roofless 
and  in  ruins,  were  next  visited  ;  and  here  Mr.  TALBOT  read  a  few- 
notes  on  the  architecture,  pointing  out  the  Norman  doorway  on 
the  north  of  the  nave,  and  the  interesting  Early  English  mouldings 
of  the  caps  of  the  crossing  piers. 

Entering  the  breaks  again  the  party  drove  past  the  little  Chapel 
of  Tytherington,  which  had  nothing  to  detain  them,  to  UPTON" 
LOVELL,  where  the  Rector,  the  Rev.  H.  F.  CROCKETT,  gave  an 
account  of  the  Church  —  which  has  just  been  admirably  restored  by 
Mr.  C.  E.  Ponting  —  and  also  some  interesting  details  of  the 
history  of  the  parish.1  This  Church,  although  without  any  very 

1  Among  other  things  the  Vicar  told  the  following  interesting  story,  as  related 
to  him  in  1874  by  the  oldest  man  in  the  parish  :  —  The  castie  being  besieged  (date 
of  the  occurrence  not  precisely  specified),  before  it  was  taken  Lord  and  Lady 
Lovel  escaped,  she  with  her  infant  son  to  the  woods  round  Boytou,  from  which 
she  eventually  made  her  way  to  the  North  of  England  —  he  to  the  river  Wylye, 
where  he  took  refuge  under  a  bridge  by  which  the  road  from  Upton  Lovell  to 
Boyton  crosses  the  river.  The  castle  having  been  taken  the  soldiers  hunted 


.Friday,  July  2M,  203 

remarkable  architectural  features,  is  now  a  charming  example  of  a 
little  village  Church. 

BOYTON  CHURCH,  the  next  item  on  the  programme,  has,  on 
the  other  hand,  a  number  of  architectural  features  of  very  great 
interest,  but  the  general  effect  of  the  building  inside  has  been  very 
much  injured  by  the  injudicious  "restoration"  perpetrated  some 
years  ago — when  even  the  fine  effigy  of  Sir  Alexander  Gifford  had 
its  face  entirely  "  restored "  and  the  whole  surface  of  its  armour 
carefully  scraped  away  and  destroyed,  rendering  the  figure  as  it  now 
exists  quite  misleading  as  to  details  of  costume — a  flagrant  example 
of  the  irreparable  mischief  often  done  in  the  process  of  smartening- 
up  Churches  and  everything  in  them  during  the  progress  of  work 
of  restoration.  Here  Mr.  PONTING  called  attention  to  the  many 
points  of  interest  in  the  building,  and  then  the  party  proceeded  to 
the  adjoining  MANOR-HOUSE,  over  which  they  were  most  kindly 
allowed  to  ramble  by  Mr.  J.  H.  MARTIN,  who  also  provided 
light  refreshments  for  those  who  felt  the  need  of  them.  Many 
would  have  been  glad  to  linger  longer  over  this  fine  old  house,  which 
remains  almost  unaltered  in  its  exterior  from  Elizabethan  times,  and 
its  picturesque  garden — but  the  Secretary's  trumpet  warned  them 
that  time  was  pressing,  and  the  breaks  started  for  STOCKTON* 
Here  the  first  thing  to  be  done  was  to  sit  down,  to  a  sumptuous 
lunch  in  a  tent  in  the  park — provided,  as  on  the  previous  day,  by 
the  generosity  of  the  Local  Committee — the  only  drawback  being 
the  presence  of  a  large  contingent  of  wasps,  who  attended  without 
invitation.  After  votes  of  thanks  to  the  Local  Committee,  and 
more  especially  to  Messrs.  Morgan,  Welsh,  and  Bleeck,  had  been* 
most  cordially  passed,  the  party  proceeded  to  the  lawn,  where  Bishop 
HUYSHE  YEATMAN,  of  Southwark,  brother  of  the  owner  of  Stockton> 
Col,  Yeatman  Biggs,  gave  a  most  interesting  account  of  the  house> 

everywhere  for  Lord  Lovel  without  success,  until  one  of  them  suggested  that  hi* 
favourite  dog,  who  exhibited  great  distress  at  the  loss  of  his  master,  should  be- 
let  loose  and  followed.  The  dog  led  them  to  the  bridge,  on  which  he  stood 
whining  and  refused  to  go  any  further.  The  soldiers  promptly  looked  underneath, 
discovered  the  unhappy  fugitive,  dragged  him  out,  and  put  him  to  death,  in, 
remembrance  whereof  the  bridge  goes  by  the  name  of  "  Sufferer's  Bridge  "  to- 
this  day. 


The  Fortieth   General  Meeting. 

of  its  successive  owners,  and  of  the  chief  incidents  in  its  history 
(cf.  vol.  xii ,  pp.  105  and  185).  The  house  itself  was  then  thrown 
open  from  top  to  bottom  by  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Ashley  Dodd,  who  in  the 
kindest  possible  way  took  the  party  into  every  room  and  pointed 
out  the  objects  of  interest  with  which  the  house  is  literally  filled. 
Upstairs  and  downstairs  alike  there  is  a  wealth  of  fine  old  furniture 
such  as  is  rarely  seen — much  of  it  collected  by  Colonel  Yeatman 
Biggs,  who  also  restored  the  house  in  the  most  admirable  way, 
In  the  bedrooms  are  splendid  oak  beds ;  one  of  them  from  Fother- 
inghay  Castle,  said  to  have  been  slept  in  by  Mary  Queen  of  Scots, 
stands  now  in  the  room  once  occupied  by  Queen  Elizabeth.  China 
and  pottery,  a  valuable  collection  of  birds  formed  by  Mr.  Ashley 
Dodd  in  Egypt,  curiosities  and  objects  of  art  of  all  kinds — not  the 
least  notable  among  them  being  a  wonderful  toilet  set  in  rock  crystal, 
set  in  mounts  with  elaborate  translucent  enamel  and  gold  enrich- 
ments— made  the  time  seem  all  too  short  which  could  be  allowed 
for  their  inspection. 

But,  after  all,  the  great  charm  of  the  house  lies  in  the  rooms 
themselves,  with  their  oak  panelling,  carved  stone  mantelpieces, 
and  fine  Elizabethan  plaster  ceilings,  -which  have  been  preserved 
throughout  in  a  wonderfully  perfect  condition.  The  drawing-room 
especially  remains  absolutely  intact  as  it  was  when  it  was  first 
decorated  in  Elizabeth's  reign.  The  beautiful  panelling  surmounted 
by  its  richly-carved  frieze  has  never  even  been  painted  over.  The 
elaborate  ceiling,  except  that  it  has  been  raised  most  skilfully  where 
it  had  sunk,  has  not  been  touched,  and  the  gem  of  the  whole,  the 
inner  porch  or  entrance  in  the  corner  of  the  room,  retains  its  original 
carving — some  of  it  of  extraordinary  richness  and  depth  of  under- 
cutting ;  altogether  a  room  which  it  would  be  hard  to  find  the  equal 
of.  Here,  too,  seen  by  some  of  the  party,  is  a  barn  filled  with  the 
panelling  and  finely  carved  stalls  of  seventeenth  century  woodwork 
ruthlessly  torn  from  the  walls  of  Winchester  College  Chapel  by 
Mr.  Butterfield  some  twenty  years  ago,  leaving  the  Chapel  in  the 
bare  and  unsightly  condition  in  which  it  at  present  exists,  to  the 
grief  of  all  old  Wykehamists.  The  gardens  are  worthy  of  the 
house ;  and  taken  as  a  whole  Stockton  House  will  probably  live  in 


S-I 


\)  ^r^^-J7^  &    ^  ^ 


:ENTRAL  PANEL  OF  CHIMNEY  PIECE  IN  BEDROOM  AT  STOCKTON  HOU: 

From  Skttch  by  S.  J.  Elyard. 


Friday,  July  28^.  205 

the  memory  of  Members  of  the  Society  as  perhaps  the  most  charming 
of  the  many  charming  country  residences  which  they  have  been 
privileged  to  visit  within  the  borders  of  the  County  of  Wilts. 

The  Church,  which  is  well  restored  and  cared  for,  is  as  full  of 
interest  in  its  way  as  the  house.  The  very  singular  wall  dividing 
nave  and  chancel,  the  Norman  arcades,  the  fine  tombs  and  monu- 
ments of  the  Topps  and  others,  the  good  modern  glass,  are  all  worthy 
of  more  attention  than  the  time  at  disposal  allowed  of.  The  Rector, 
CANON  CODD,  here  pointed  out  the  chief  objects  of  interest,  and 
Mr.  PONTING  followed  with  an  account  of  the  architecture. 

CODFOED  S.  MARY  Church  was  the  next  place  to  be  visited, 
the  chief  points  being  the  very  interesting  Norman  and  Early 
English  chancel  arch  and  the  remnants  of  Norman  carving  found 
during  the  restoration  and  preserved  in  the  porch.  Mr.  PONTING, 
as  before,  acted  as  architectural  guide. 

At  this  point  some  of  the  party  left  in  order  to  catch  the  5.17 
train  at  Codford  Station,  whilst  the  remainder  proceeded  on  their 
way  to  CODFORD  ST.  PETER  Church.  Here  the  Rector,  the 
Rev.  D.  MACLEANE,  gave  an  account  of  the  Church,  and  also  read 
Mr.  Ponting's  notes  on  the  architecture — the  latter  having  been 
obliged  to  leave  by  train.  The  principal  points  of  interest  here 
were  the  font  and  the  curious  Saxon  sculptured  stone  illustrated  in 
vol.  xx.,  p.  138.  Thence  the  carriages  drove  to  HEYTESBURY 
HOUSE,  where  LORD  and  LADY  HEYTESBURY  kindly  received  the 
party,  tea  being  laid  out  under  the  trees  on  the  lawn — LORD 
HEYTESBURY  himself  afterwards  taking  the  Members  round  the  rich 
collection  of  pictures.  The  house  itself,  though  of  very  modern 
appearance  externally,  is  on  the  site  of  a  very  old  one  which  pre- 
ceded it.  The  tea  and  the  fruit  were  so  much  appreciated  by  the 
ladies  that  it  was  half-past  six  before  the  fine,  but  much-restored, 
Church  was  reached.  The  Vicar,  the  Rev.  W.  J.  S  WAYNE,  kindly 
read  a  paper  on  the  history  of  the  Church,  but  this  was  uncere- 
moniously cut  short  by  a  series  of  blasts  from  the  Secretary's 
trumpet  outside,  peremptorily  demanded  by  those  who  had  to  catch 
trains  at  Warminster.  The  congregation  accordingly  broke  up 
somewhat  hurriedly,  and  with  but  scant  thanks  to  Mr.  Swayne,  and 


206     Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Eushmore  Park. 

the  breaks  made  the  best  of  their  way  to  Warminster.  And  so 
ended  the  Annual  Meeting  for  1898,  a  Meeting  marked  by  the 
great  interest  taken  in  the  Society's  proceedings  by  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Warminster  and  the  neighbourhood,  by  the  large  numbers 
attending  the  meetings  and  excursions,  and  by  the  great  activity 
and  liberality  of  the  Local  Committee  in  providing  for  the  comfort 
and  entertainment  of  those  attending — the  thanks  of  the  Society 
being  especially  due  to  Messrs.  Morgan  and  Bleeck,  and  to  the 
Rev.  J.  P.  Welsh,  who,  as  Local  Secretaries,  spared  neither  time 
nor  trouble  to  make  the  Meeting  the  success  it  undoubtedly  was. 


of  %  jJotttjj  Jo^e  Camp, 


Sn  (Entrencljmtttt  of  rtje  Bronje 

By  LI-GENERAL  PITT-RIVEES,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.1 
at  the  Warminster  Meeting  of  the  Society,  July  26th,  1893.] 

WAS  prevented  by  illness  from  excavating  in  the  summer 
of  1892,  but  in  April,  1893,  I  returned  to  the  work. 
Rushmore,  owing  to  the  quantity  of  undisturbed  down  and  wood- 
land, is  so  full  of  ancient  earthworks  that  it  will  probably  take 
several  years  before  they  can  be  examined  with  the  necessary 
thoroughness.  Although  the  area  is  limited,  the  remains  include 
vestiges  of  all  ages,  from  the  Neolithic  to  the  Roman  Age,  and  the 
transition  from  one  period  to  another  in  a  small  area,  can  be  better 
studied  than  in  a  larger  one,  by  means  of  the  silting  of  ditches  and 
the  denudation  of  earthworks. 

I  commenced  the  digging  of  the  year  with  what  I  have  now 

1  The  Society  is  indebted  to  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers  for  the  generous  gift  of  the  plates 
illustrating  this  paper. 


SCALE    OF   FEET. 

10  0  10  2O  SO 


PLAN  OF 


sou 

AVERAGE  SECTION  OF   RAP 
OF  EVERY  FRA< 


Plate  H. 


RAMPART  507  FEE- 


TABLE  OF  F 
FOUND  IN  RAMPART, 


RAMPART. 

(  ABOVE  2FZ... 
DITCH-<  ABOVE  3 FT. _. 


BELOW  3  FT... 


INTERIOR 


BRITISH   POTTERY. 


N<>  I.  • 

COARSE 
BRITISH. 


797 

IB 
69 
144 

430 


1+40 


NP2.0 

SOFT 
BRITISH. 


54 

5 
8 
7 

5 


74 


NO  3.  X 

DRINKING 

VESSEL 

TYPE. 


8 


'6  FT 


RELICS 


*  NOT  INCLUDED  IN  THE  TOT  A 

THE  FRAGMENTS  OF  POTTERY  AND  RELICS  FOU/ 
CAMP  ARE  PROJECTED  INTO  THESE  SECTIONS.  _ 
CLASSIFIED  INDEPENDENTLY  OF  DEPTH,  AND  AS 
THE  SECTION  AFTERWARDS. 

SCALE   O 


By  Lt.- General  Pitt-Rivers,  D.C.L  ,  F.R.S.,  F.ti.A.      207 

termed  the  South  Lodge  Camp  in  the  Park.     Its  position  is  figured 
in  Plate  Ixxx.,  Vol.  II.  of  my  "  Excavations  in  Cranborne  Chase," 
and  it  is  also  marked  on  the  map  of  the  Park,  Plate  I.,  Vol.  I.  of 
the  same  work.     The  five  tumuli,  therein  figured,  were  examined 
in  1S80  and  1884,  and  proved  to  be  barrows  of  the  Bronze  Age- 
not  that  any  bronze  implements  were  actually  found  in  them,  but 
the  urn,   the   pottery,  and  the  interments  by  cremation,  were  such 
as  are  recogniced  as  belonging  to  that  period.     In  No.  3  barrow, 
two  central  interments  and  eight  secondary  ones  by  cremation  were 
found,  in  small  basins  cut  out  of  the  chalk  floor,  each  containing, 
besides  the  burnt  bones,  fragments  of  coarse  British  pottery  placed 
to   mark  the  spot   (quality  No.    1,  Plate  II.  of  the  accompanying 
table),   and  one   by  inhumation,   crouched   up,   in  the   side   of  a 
causeway  over  the  little  ditch  surrounding  the  barrow,  and   on  the 
south  side.     The  finding  of  a  secondary  interment  by  inhumation, 
crouched  up,  was  singular,  and  might,  in  some  places,  have  been 
supposed  to  argue  a  very  early  date,  but,  as  it  has  subsequently  been 
proved  by  excavations    in   the    Romano- British   villages   of    this 
neighbourhood,  that  the  crouched-up  position,  for  burial,  was  used 
into  Roman  times,  it  is  probable  that  this  inhumation  interment  was 
of  that  date,  rather  than  earlier,  and  it  seems  possible,  therefore,  that 
these  Bronze  Age  tumuli  were  used  for  secondary  interments,  even 
up  to  Roman  times.1      An  urn   (quality  No.  1  of  table,  Plate  II.) 
was  found  in  barrow  No.  4 ;  and  in  the  silting  of  the  diteh  of  No.  3 
fragments   of  Roman  pottery,  including  Samian,  were  found ;  none 
but  British  having  been  found  in  the  barrow  itself.     These  tumuli, 
as   shown   by  the  map,  Vol.  II.,   PL   Ixxx.  "Excavations,"  were 
only  350ft.  distant  from  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  and  its  proximity 
to  them  led  to  the  conjecture  that  the  camp  might  also  be  found 
to  be  of  the  Bronze  Age,  but  of  course  no  certainty  can  be  argued 
from  proximity  in  the  case  of  such  earthworks. 

The  earthwork,  Plate  I.,  is  of  squarish,  or  rather  lozenge-shaped 
form,  and  the  sides  are  irregular  and  not  in  straight  lines,  as  a 

1  The  crouched  position  was  used  in  the  Bronze  Age,  in  this  neighbourhood, 
as  well  as  in  Romano-British  times.  Two  skeletons  so  placed,  with  drinking 
vessels  at  their  feet,  have  been  found  near  here  without  any  tumuli  over  them. 


208     Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 

Roman  camp  would  probably  have  them.     It  was  of  very  low  relief, 

and  the  ditch  almost  entirely  filled  up  by  silting ;  and  although  one 

corner  of  it  touched  the  carriage  road,  it  had  been  but  little  observed 

by  passers,  owing  to  its  having  been  thickly  covered  with  nut-wood. 

The  first  measure  was  to  cut  down  the  nut-wood,  and  grub  up 

the  roots,  and  it  is  remarkable   that  nothing — not  even  a  single 

fragment  of  pottery — was  found  during  this  process,  showing  that 

surlace  mould  must  have  accumulated  to  a  certain  depth,  sufficient 

to  cover  over  all  the  relics  beneath.   The  camp  was  then  surveyed,  and 

the  features  of  the  ground  recorded  in  contours  of  4  inches  vertical 

height  (not  shown  on  this  plan,  model  exhibited).    Six  sections,  10ft. 

wide,  were  then  dug,  across  the  ditch  and  rampart,  in  different  parts 

of  the  camp,  and  it  is  worthy  of  observation  that  in  the  first  three 

sections  little  or  nothing   was  found,   which  shows  what  very  false 

conceptions  are  liable  to  be  formed  by  merely  digging  one  or  two 

sections  in  a  camp.     In  the  fourth  section,  on  the  east  side,  part  of 

a  large  British  urn  was  found  at  the  bottom  of  the  silting  of  the 

ditch,  which  was  6ft.  deep  here,  A.,  Pis.  I.  II.,  and  III.     The  urn 

was  lying  on  its  side,  evidently  thrown  in  as  rubbish,  and  it  had 

on  the  inside  of  the  bottom,  an  ornament  of  eight  raised  spokes 

like  a  wheel,  z,  PI.  III.,  somewhat  similar  to  one  that  Sir  Richard 

Hoare  found  in  a  barrow  near  Woodyates.1      Similar  ornaments 

on  the  same  part  of  urns  have  been  found  in  Ireland  and  elsewhere. 

The  question  has  often  been  discussed,  as   to  whether  the  urns 

found  in  barrows  of  this  period  were  mortuary  urns  made  especially 

for  this  purpose,  or  vessels  for  ordinary  use,  employed  to  contain 

the  ashes  of  the  dead.    The  present  discovery  favours  the  supposition 

that  they  were  in  common  use,  as  it  is  more  probable  that  an  object 

of  this  kind  should  have  found  its  way  into  the  ditch  of  a  camp  if 

it  were  in  common  use,  than  if  it  were  constructed  for  ceremonial 

purposes   only ;    and  the  large  quantities  of  pottery  of  the   same 

quality,  Column  I.,  Plate  II.,  afterwards  found  in  different  parts  of 

the  camp,  confirms  this  opinion,  as  it  could  not  all  have  been  used 

for  funeral  urns.     The  urn  was  of  coarse  quality,  having  large  grains 

1  Hoare's  "Ancient  Wiltshire,"  vol.  i.,  p.  243. 


Plate  III. 


BRONZE,  BONE    AND   EARTHENWARE  OBJECTS, 
FOUND   IN  THE    SOUTH  LODGE  CAMP,  RUSHMORE  PARK. 


By  Lt.-Gen.  Pitt-Rivers,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.8.A.       209 

of  flint  in  its  composition,  similar  to  that  of  the  first  column  of  the 
accompanying  table,  and  similar  in  all  respects  to  that  of  the  urn 
found  in  barrow  No.  4>,  and  the  fragments  found  with  the  cremated 
interments  in  barrow  No.  3.  This  was  therefore,  the  first  find 
which  showed  the  camp  to  be  of  the  Bronze  Age,  for  it  was  evident 
that  the  ditch  must  have  been  dug  before  the  urn  was  thrown  into  it. 

The  other  two  sections  produced  nothing  of  value,  beyond  frag- 
ments of  pottery,  which  will  be  considered  further  on ;  and,  as  the 
evidence  obtained  from  the  sections  appeared  to  be  insufficient,  I 
determined  to  dig  the  camp  all  over,  down  to  the  undisturbed  chalk, 
ditch,  rampart,  and  interior  space.  This  was  accordingly  done, 
and,  in  speaking  of  the  finds  in  the  ditch  and  rampart,  I  shall 
therefore  in  future  refer  to  the  whole  ditch  and  rampart  all  round 
the  camp,  and  collect  the  objects  discovered  together  in  one  average 
general  section.  Plate  II. 

The  ditch  was  of  an  average  width  of  9' 5ft.  at  top,  and  the  depth 
about  6*  6ft.,  and  it  was  o£  nearly  uniform  dimensions  all  round. 
The  lower  3ft.  of  the  silting  consisted  entirely  of  chalk  rubble, 
above  which  the  mould  began,  and  got  thicker  towards  the  top.  It 
is  probable  the  ditch  may  have  been  kept  open  for  some  time  after 
it  was  constructed,  and  the  smooth  flat  bottom,  about  1ft.  wide  all 
round,  sufficient  to  enable  a  person  to  walk  along  it,  implies  that 
this  was  the  case.  But  the  sides  of  the  ditch,  "escarp"  and 
" counterscarp'3  were  unusually  abrupt,  being  at  an  angle  of  60°, 
whereas  in  most  camps  I  have  found  them  at  45°  with  the  horizon. 
No  doubt,  owing  to  this,  it  would  fill  up  rapidly  when  left  to  itself, 
and  the  lower  3ft.  of  the  silting  would  consequently  consist  entirely 
of  chalk  rubble ;  after  which  mould  would  begin  to  be  found,  and 
would  thicken  gradually,  with  time,  up  to  the  surface.  The  ditch 
may,  therefore  be  conveniently  divided  for  the  position  of  the  objects 
found  in  it,  into  two  halves,  above,  and  below,  the  3ft.  line.  See 
Section,  PI.  II,  Some  persons  have  supposed  that,  on  account  of 
the  quantities  of  made  earth,  often  found  above  the  chalk  bottom, 
these  ditches  must  have  been  filled  up  intentionally;  but  when — 
as  in  this  case— the  chalk  rubble  is  found  entirely  at  the  bottom 
and  the  mould  only  at  the  top,  it  must  be  due  to  atmospheric  causes,, 

VOL.   XXVII. — NO.    LXXXI.  Q 


210     Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 

frost  and  rain,  which  would  be  amply  sufficient  to  account  for  the 
silting  up,  considering  the  great  length  of  time  the  ditches  have 
been  exposed  to  these  influences. 

The  objects  discovered  in  the  ditch,  exclusive  of  pottery,  were  as 
follows  : — at  the  south-west  angle,  a  bronze  chisel  at  the  bottom  of 
the  ditch,  D.,  Pis.  I.,  II.,  and  III.  This  has  a  flat  edge  at  one 
end,  and  must  be  regarded  as  a  chisel,  though  narrower  than  most 
objects  of  the  kind.  Nothing  exactly  like  it  is  figured  in  the  works 
of  Sir  William  Wilde  or  Sir  John  Evans,  but  some  bronze  chisels 
equally  narrow,  from  the  Swiss  Lakes,  are  figured  by  Keller.  Two 
implements  of  the  form  known  as  razors,  one  at  the  bottom  of  the 
ditch  at  the  north-east  angle,  E.,  Pis.  I.,  II.,  and  III.  This  and 
the  chisel  must  have  been  deposited  at  the  same  time  as  the  urn, 
when  the  ditch  was  open,  soon  after  its  construction.  The  other 
razor,  F,,  Pis.  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  which  was  a  better  formed  one,  with 
a  notch  at  the  top  end,  and  a  tang  at  the  bottom,  was  found  3ft. 
deep  on  the  east  side,  just  below  the  mould  and  above  the  chalk 
rubble.  The  ditch  must  therefore  have  been  filled,  or  silted  up, 
3ft.  before  this  object  was  dropped  into  it,  Section,  PI.  II. 
Bronze  razors  of  this  description  are  well-known  objects  of  the 
Bronze  Age,  and  are  so  called  because  some  of  them  are  found  with 
an  edge  as  sharp  as  a  pen-knife.  Sir  John  Evans  records  the  finding 
of  one  in  the  Thames  at  Wallingford  with  a  socketted  knife,  but 
he  does  not  state  how  this  connection  was  established  in  a  river-bed. 
One  formerly  in  the  Stourhead  Collection,  but  now  in  the  Museum 
at  Devizes,  also  resembles  this  one,  but  does  not  appear  to  have  the 
notch  at  the  tip.  One  was  found  with  a  hoard  of  bronze  implements 
in  the  Heathery  Burn  Cave,  They  have  been  found  in  Ireland, 
and  Sir  W.  Wilde  figures  one  and  describes  two  others.  They  have 
also  been  found  in  Scotland  and  Wales,  but  Canon  Greenwell  does 
not  mention  them  in  "British  Barrows."  Somewhat,  though  not 
precisely  similar  razors  of  bronze,  evidently  connected  with  these 
in  point  of  form,  have  been  found  abroad,  and  Ca3sar  mentions  that 
the  Britons  shaved. 

Near  the  razor,  and  at  the  same  level,  viz.,  3ft.  beneath  the 
surface  of  the  silting  of  the  ditch,  was  found  the  greater  part  of  a 


By  Lt.-Gen.  Pitt-Rivers,  L.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.       211 

bronze  bracelet,  G.,  Pis.  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  with  fluted  ornamentation 
on  the  outside.  Though  not  an  ordinary  type,  the  fluted  ornamen- 
tation is  distinctly  characteristic  of  the  Bronze  Age.  Sir  John 
Evans,  in  his  work  on  the  Bronze  Age,  figures  one  from  Cornwall  ; 
Chantre  gives  an  illustration  of  one  in  the  Museum  at  Lyons  ;  two 
are  figured  by  Madsen  ;  and  one  was  found  in  a  tomb  by  the  Baron 
de  Bonstetten. 

At  the  same  level,  viz.,  3ft.,  and  on  the  same  side  of  the  camp, 
a  bunch  of  bronze  wire,  H.,  Pis.  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  and  a  bone 
awl,  B.,  Pis,  I.,  II.,  and  III.,  were  discovered,  the  latter  having 
two  perforations  in  it,  as  if  to  attach  it  to  a  rod  of  some  thick- 
ness.1 Two  bone  awls  were  also  found  in  the  rampart  on  the 
other  side  of  the  camp,  L.  and  K,,  Pis.  I.,  II.,  and  III.  Bronze 
awls  are  of  common  occurrence  in  tumuli  of  the  Bronze  Age,  and 
for  soft  substances  an  awl  of  bone  would  suffice.  Bone  awls  are 
frequently  found  with  bronze  implements  in  the  Swiss  Lakes,  and 
are  figured  by  Keller. 

The  last  implement  to  be  mentioned  is  a  bronze  spear-head  with 
two  loops,  found  in  the  silting  of  the  ditch  at  a  depth  of  only  0'9ft. 
on  the  south  side,  C.,  Pis.  I.,  II.,  and  III.  It  is  of  a  well-known 
Bronze  Age  type.  One  from  Wilsford,  Wilts,  is  figured  by  Dr. 
Thurnam  in  his  "  Ancient  British  Barrows."  Evans  says  that  hardly 
any  examples  of  looped  spear-heads  from  other  countries  can  be  cited, 
whilst  in  Britain  —  and  more  especially  in  Ireland  —  they  are  very 
abundant.  He  assigns  the  socketted  spear-head  to  a  late  period  in 
the  Bronze  Age,  and  none  have  been  found  in  barrows  in  Britain,  so 
that  in  all  probability  they  are  subsequent  to  the  Barrow  Period,  and 
—-like  the  socketted  celt  —  of  late  production.  The  sides  of  the  socket 
in  this  specimen  are  extremely  thin,  and  the  skill  involved  in  pro- 
ducing- sockets  so  truly  bored  could  only  have  been  acquired  after  long 
practice  in  casting.  Mr.  Franks  has  drawn  my  attention  to  a  plate 


1  Upon  further  consideration,  I  think  it  more  probable  that  this  object  served 
the  purpose  of  a  button.  It  is  rather  long  for  such  a  purpose,  but  the  pointed 
end  may  have  been  intended  to  pass  it  through  the  button-hole  or  a  loop.  The 
two  holes  are  similar  to  those  of  a  bone  button  found  by  Mr.  Goddard  in  a 
tumulus  on  Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  and  illustrated  in  this  number  of  the  Magazine. 


212     Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Eushmore  Park. 

in  an  early  volume  of  the  "  Archceologia"  l  in  which  a  looped  spear- 
head, like  this  one,  is  represented  as  having  been  found  in  a  hole  at 
the  bottom  of  an  oblong  pit,  together  with  relics  of  the  late  Celtic 
Period,  in  1803,  but  the  account  of  them  is  so  very  concise,  and  the 
writer  evidently  not  well  acquainted  with  the  nature  of  the  objects, 
that  I  doubt  whether  much  reliance  can  be  placed  on  his  description, 
as  attributing  this  class  of  weapon  to  any  period  later  than  the  Bronze 
Age.  It  is,  however,  worth  notice,  that  this  spear-head  wae  found 
in  the  silting  of  the  ditch  at  a  higher  level  than  any  of  the  other 
bronze  objects,  being  only  0'9ft.  from  the  surface,  C.,  Section,  PI. 
II.,  and  consequently  in  a  position  that  might  be  taken  to  imply 
that  it  was  deposited  later  than  the  other  objects,  and  after  the 
ditch  had  silted  up  to  that  level.  This  may,  however,  perhaps  be 
accounted  for  in  another  way.  It  was  noticed  before  excavation  that 
the  rampart  had  been  levelled  at  this  spot,  so  that  an  entrance 
was  expected  to  be  found  there.2  This,  however,  was  not  the  case, 
and  it  was  evident  that  the  rampart  had  been  filled  in  to  the  ditch 
here  at  some  subsequent  period  to  the  construction  of  the  camp ;  so 
that  the  spear-head  may  possibly  have  been  buried  in  the  rampart, 
and  may  have  been  thrown  into  the  ditch  at  the  time  of  this  filling 
in,  which  would  account  for  its  being  found  at  such  a  high  level. 
On  the  south-west  side,  several  well-formed  flint  scrapers  were  found 
together  in  the  rampart,  M.,  PI.  I. ;  these  evidently  had  never 
been  used,  and,  from  the  sharpness  of  their  edges,  must  have  been 
covered  up  soon  after  they  were  made.  Flint  scrapers  are  recognised 
as  having  been  commonly  used  in  the  Bronze  Age. 

All  these  objects,  then,  are  relics  of  the  Bronze  Age,  and  from 
their  position  in  the  ditch  afford  sufficient  evidence  of  the  camp 
being  of  that  period ;  but  the  most  reliable  evidence  upon  this 
point  is  derived  from  the  position  of  the  fragments  of  pottery  of 
different  kinds  found  throughout  the  camp.  A  fragment  of  pottery 
when  thrown  upon  the  ground  is  washed  down  with  the  earth  on 


1  "  Archaeologia,"  vol.  16,  p.  348. 

2  This  will  be  better  shown  in  the  contoured  plan  of  the  camp,  which  will 
appear  in  the  fourth  vol.  of  iny  "  Excavations  in  Cranborne  Chase." 


By  Lt.-Gen.  Pitt-Rivers,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.8.A.       213 

which  it  falls,  and,  unlike  a  bronze  implement,  or  any  object  of  use 
or  value,  receives  no  further  attention  from  mankind,  so  that  its 
" gisement"  is  dependant  solely  on  natural  causes,  such  as  rain  or 
frost,  and,  like  any  stone  in  the  soil,  it  lies  in  the  stratified  layer 
into  which  it  may  have  been  washed,  according  to  the  period  of  its 
deposition.  As  a  ditch  became  gradually  silted  up  in  the  course  of 
ages,  new  kinds  of  pottery,  as  they  were  introduced,  would  be  found 
at  higher  levels;  so  that,  if  we  know  the  periods  to  which  the 
several  kinds  of  pottery  belong,  we  have  no  difficulty  in  assigning 
a  date,  or  at  any  rate  a  place  in  sequence,  to  the  successive  strata 
that  have  been  deposited.  The  position  of  every  fragment  of  pottery 
and  the  depth  below  the  surface  was,  as  usual  in  my  diggings, 
measured,  and  noted  on  the  plan  kept  on  the  ground.  See  Table, 
PL  II. 

The  pottery  found  in  the  ditch  and  rampart  is  of  six  kinds  ;  their 
position  is  recorded  in  the  upper  Section  on  PL  II. — three  British 
and  pre-Roman,  and  three  of  the  Roman  Age.  Dividing  the 
ditch  into  two  halves  by  a  horizontal  3ft.  line,  more  pottery  was 
found  below  than  above  that  line,  but  every  fragment  below  that 
line,  all  round  the  camp,  was  British  and  pre-Roman,  whilst  of 
the  one  hundred  and  thirty-two  fragments  found  above  that  line, 
fifty-two — or  nearly  half — were  of  the  Roman  Age.  Then,  again, 
of  the  total  number  of  eight  hundred  and  fifty-three  fragments 
found  in  the  rampart,  only  one— and  that  perhaps  a  doubtful 
specimen  of  Romano-British  pottery1 — was  of  the  Roman  Age ;  all 
the  rest  were  British.  All  this  pottery  in  the  rampart,  must  have 


1  This  fragment  was  very  small — only  one  inch  across.  It  has  been  examined 
frequently,  and  must,  I  think,  be  classified  as  Romano- British,  but  it  has  a 
few  small  grains  of  quartz  sand  in  its  composition,  and  it  might  possibly  belong 
to  the  fourth  quality  of  British,  of  which  no  other  fragment  was  found  in 
this  camp,  though  it  was  found  in  a  pit  adjoining.  But,  assuming  it  to  be 
.Romano-British,  nothing  can  be  argued  from  the  rinding  of  one  fragment  out 
of  the  eight  hundred  and  fifty-three  fragments,  exclusively  British,  found  in 
the  rampart.  It  was  at  a  depth  of  2'4  feet  only,  and  might  therefore  have 
got  down  to  that  depth  through  some  stake-hole  or  other  disturbance  of  the 
rampart  in  Roman  times.  It  is  possible  also  that  this  fragment  may  have 
dropped  from  the  top,  although  the  workmen  denied  it. 


Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 

been  deposited  there  at  the  time  the  rampart  was  formed ;  so  that  the 
"  guemenl "  of  the  pottery  corroborates  entirely  the  evidence  afforded 
by  the  position  of  the  bronze  and  other  relics,  and  shows  that  the 
first  construction  of  the  camp  was  in  the  Bronze  Age,  and  that  a 
time  arrived,  after  the  ditch  had   silted  up   to  about   3ft.,  with 
material  consisting  entirely  of  chalk  rubble,  when  mould  began  to 
be  deposited,  and  then  pottery  of  the  Roman  Age  began  to  appear, 
and  increased  in  quantity  until  the  ditch  had  been  completely  filled 
up.     We  have,  in  this,  a  complete  exposition  of  the  value  of  the 
evidence  afforded  by  pottery  when  the  position  of  every  fragment 
is  carefully  recorded,     Of   the  sixty-nine  fragments  of  pottery  of 
the  Roman  Age  found  throughout  the  camp,  only  a  small  proportion, 
amounting  to  ten  fragments,  was  actually  of  Roman  construction, 
and  of  the  kind  known  to  have  been  fabricated  in  the  New  Forest, 
including  also  a  few  fragments  of  red  Samian.     The  rest  was  of  a 
quality  which  I  have  determined  in  my  investigations  in  Romano- 
British  villages  to  be  Romano-British,  of  a  kind  probably  fabricated 
in  the  kilns  at  Bagber.     Its  " guement"  in  this  camp,  proves  the 
correctness  of  my  classification,  made  in  the  other  villages.     It  is 
of  a  quality  that  is  quite  distinct  from  any  of  the  true  British  kinds, 
and  my  assistants  and  myself  found  no  difficulty  in  recognising  each 
piece  of  it  as  soon  as  it  was  found  and  washed.     Whether  the  sixty- 
nine   fragments    of  pottery  of  the  Roman  Age,  out  of  the  total 
number  of  one  thousand  five  hundred  and  ninety-one  found  in  all  the 
camp,  is  sufficient  to  denote  Roman  occupation  of  the  camp,  is 
questionable.    This  neighbourhood  was  so  thickly  inhabited  in  Roman 
times,  as  proved  by  my  previous  excavations,  that  a  camp  formed  by 
their  immediate  predecessors  must  frequently  have  been  visited,  even 
if  it  were  not  occupied,  by  the  Romanised  Britons,  and  thus  pottery 
may  have  been  broken  in  the  place  without  their  actually  occupying 
it  as  a  residence,  but  this  does  not  in  any  way  affect  my  argument 
as  to  the  period  of  such  fragments  as  were  found  in  the  camp,  for 
pottery  could  only  be  found  in  places  to  which  it  had  access  at  the 
time  it  was  broken  and  thrown  down.     Roman  pottery  could  not 
possibly  be  found  in  the  bottom  of  the  ditch  with  the  British  pottery, 
unless  the  silting  had  been  disturbed.     The  pottery  found  in  surface 


By  Lt.-Gen.  Pitt-Rivers,  D.C.L.,  F.R.8.,  F.S.A.       215 

trenching  in  the  interior,  was  of  all  the  six  kinds  found  in  the  ditch, 
and  rampart,  with  the  addition  of  a  few  fragments  of  thin  grey,  not 
found  elsewhere  in.  the  camp,  though  well-known  in  the  Roman 
deposits  of  this  neighbourhood.  This  quality  is,  therefore,  not 
included  in  the  average  section  of  the  ditch  and  rampart. 

I  may  here  refer  to  a  recent  paper  on  "  Quelques  Encientes 
Anciennes  des  Departments  de  la  Somme,  &c.,"  by  M.  M.  Vauville, 
which  has  been  kindly  sent  to  me  by  the  Societe  des  Antiquaires 
de  France.  It  relates  to  the  examination  of  several  camps  on  the 
sides  of  the  Somme  Valley,  viz.,  those  of  Tirancourt,  I/Etoile, 
Liercourt,  and  others.  I  am  acquainted  with  these  camps,  having 
examined  them  superficially  twice.  The  passenger  by  railway  to 
Paris  may  see  some  of  them,  if  he  looks  for  them,  near  Abbeville 
and  Amiens.  M.  Vauville  received  a  grant  from  the  French 
Government  for  the  purpose,  and  his  conclusions  are  based  almost 
entirely  on  the  quality  of  the  pottery  found  in  his  excavations.  I 
think  we  may  welcome  this  communication  as  a  first  recognition  of 
the  value  of  the  evidence  afforded  by  fragments  of  pottery  in  camp 
digging,  and  as  a  first  commencement  of  the  scientific  study  of  the 
French  camps,  from  which,  like  ours,  so  much  information  relating 
to  prehistoric  times  is  likely  to  be  derived  in  future.  His  conclusions 
are  no  doubt  correct  in  the  main.  He  attributes  these  camps  to  the 
later  part  of  the  Neolithic  Period,  but  shows  that  they  were  also 
occupied  in  later  times.  I  am  bound,  however,  to  say,  that  I  think 
the  information  given  in  the  paper  is  a  little  unsatisfactory  in  point 
of  detail.  Although  assisted  by  a  grant  from  Government,  his 
means  have  evidently  been  insufficient,  and,  as  he  himself  admits  ^ 
it  will  require  further  evidence  to  substantiate  some  of  the  con- 
clusions. For  instance,  he  speaks  repeatedly  of  "  une  poterie 
gauloise,"  "  deux  poteries  gauloises,"  &c.,  but  one  would  require 
more  precise  information  to  satisfy  one  upon  this  point,  as  there  were 
several  varieties  of  Gaulish  pottery,  as  well  as  of  British.  Then  again, 
it  is  evident  from  the  diagrams,  and  is  also  admitted  by  M.  Vauville, 
that,  on  account  no  doubt  of  the  expense,  the  sections  were  not 
carried  on  to  the  main  ramparts,  and  without  that,  the  origin  of  a 
camp  cannot  possibly  be  determined.  He  speaks  of  Neolithic 


216     Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 

pottery,  from  which  he  concludes  that  they  were  originally  con- 
structed in  late  Neolithic  times.  I  confess  that  I  am  myself  very 
ignorant  of  Neolithic  pottery  in  connection  with  camps,  and  I 
cannot  help  suspecting  that  some  of  the  pottery  supposed  to  be 
Neolithic  may  turn  out  to  be  of  the  Bronze  Age ;  but  it  is,  never- 
theless, a  paper  that  is  full  of  interest,  in  connection  with  the  future 
study  of  camps,  and  it  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  will  be  followed  by 
similar  excavations  in  our  own  country.  This,  and  the  exploration 
of  the  Pfahlgraben  by  the  German  Government  are  examples  not 
to  be  lost  sight  of  by  our  own  archa?ologists ;  not  that  I  believe  in 
anything  of  this  sort  done  by  Government,  but  it  shows  that  those 
countries  are  able  to  squeeze  out  of  their  Governments  some  juices 
that  are  free  from  the  bitterness  of  political  strife,  whereas  it  is 
impossible  to  approach  our  Government  in  any  way,  without  being 
bitten  by  political  bugs  and  fleas. 

We  have  seen  that  the  evidence  derived  from  the  fragments  of 
pottery,  tallies  with  the  evidence  of  the  Bronze  Age  implements 
discovered  in  the  ditch,  in  proving  this  camp  to  have  been  originally 
constructed  in  the  Bronze  Age,  and  to  have  been  followed,  either  by 
Roman  occupation,  or  by  a  time  in  which  the  more  numerous 
population  of  the  Roman  period  frequented  the  place.  Can  we 
form  any  estimate  of  the  proximity  of  these  two  periods  to  one 
another  ?  I  am  much  averse  to  generalizing  upon  insufficient  data, 
and  fully  admit  that  the  examination  of  a  single  camp,  or  indeed 
several  camps,  is  not  enough  to  warrant  any  definite  opinion  upon 
so  large  a  subject.  One  large  piece  of  a  Roman  mortarium,  studded 
with  large  grains  of  quartz  and  other  hard  substances  on  the  inner 
side  for  the  trituration  of  vegetables,  of  a  kind  universally  recognised 
as  Roman,  was  found  at  a  depth  of  3ft.  on  the  top  of  the  chalk 
rubble  beneath  the  mould,  in  the  ditch.  Two  pieces  of  pottery  of  a 
quality  recognised  at  a  glance  as  being  Roman  hard  New  Forest  ware, 
with  fluted  sides,  were  found  at  the  same  depth.  Above,  Samian 
ware  was  found,  both  on  the  surface  and  1ft.  in  the  silting  of  the 
ditch.  At  the  same  level,  viz.,  3ft.,  we  have  seen  that  a  bronze 
razor,  a  bronze  bracelet,  a  bunch  of  bronze  wire,  and  a  bone  awl, 
were  found,  whilst  still  higher,  if  we  are  to  assume  that  it  was  in 


By  LI. -Gen.  Pitt-Rirers,   D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.       217 

its  original  position,  a  looped  socketted  spear-head  was  found,  not 
more  than  a  foot  from  the  surface.  Nothing  of  iron  was  found  in 
the  camp,  except  a  spur  and  one  or  two  cow's  shoes,  obviously 
modern  or  mediaeval,  quite  on  the  surface.  The  presence  of  Bronze 
Age  pottery  in  the  lower  parts  of  the  ditch,  with  a  gradual  accumu- 
lation of  Roman  and  Romano- British  pottery  higher  up,  appears  to 
be  established.  May  not  these  bronze  implements,  on  the  3ft.  level, 
have  been  dropped  into  the  ditch,  together  with  these  fragments  of 
Roman  pottery,  at  about  the  same  time,  viz.,  when  the  ditch  had 
only  half  silted  up,  the  bronze  implements  having  perhaps  become 
valueless  on  account  of  the  recent  introduction  of  iron  ? 

We  know  how  strenuously  the  older  antiquaries,  of  whom  Mr. 
Thomas  Wright  was  the  representative,  resisted  the  growing 
evidence  of  a  Bronze  Age,  and  persisted  in  asserting  that  the  bronze 
implements  were  Roman.  We  know  now  sufficiently  well  that  their 
views  were  erroneous,  but  might  not  the  facts  on  which  they  based 
what  we  may  perhaps  term  their  obstinacy,  now  be  accepted  as 
evidence,  not  of  contemporaneity,  but  of  the  juxta-position  of  the 
two  periods  of  the  arts,  in  certain  places,  and  more  particularly  in 
the  remote  south-west  of  England,  where  the  culture  coming  from 
the  south  and  east,  penetrated  slowly.  In  the  presence  of  large 
forests  and  few  roads,  certain  poor  districts — and  this  was  un- 
doubtedly a  poor  district — must  have  been  very  isolated.  The 
vicinity  of  the  copper  and  tin  mines  of  the  south-west,  by  facilitating 
the  fabrication  of  bronze  weapons,  may  have  led  to  their  continuance 
longer  than  elsewhere.  In  the  tumuli  close  by,  which  were  probably 
the  burial-places  of  the  chiefs  who  inhabited  this  camp,  Roman 
pottery  was  found  in  the  silting  of  their  ditches,  though  not  in  the 
body  of  the  tumuli.  In  the  midst  of  the  Romano- British  village 
of  Rotherley,  not  far  off,  described  in  Vol.  II.  "Excavations/"  PI. 
xcii.,  a  Bronze  Age  interment,  associated  with  a  Bronze  Age 
drinking- vessel,  of  the  same  quality,  and  having  the  same  ornamen- 
tation as  some  of  the  fragments  found  in  this  camp,  was  discovered 
in  the  centre  of  the  village,  in  the  midst  of  Roman  remains.  I 
attributed  it  to  an  earlier  period,  but  how  much  earlier? — time  and 
further  researches  may  probably  show.  At  any  rate,  we  must  take 


218     Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 


the  evidence  derived  from  each  separate  spot  as  we  find  it,  and  put 
them  together  piece  by  piece. 

There  can  be  little  doubt  that,  in  many  places  in  England,  an 
Iron  Age — including  what  has  been  termed  a  late  Celtic  Period — 
intervened  between  the  Bronze  Age  and  the  arrival  of  the  Romans, 
but  it  does  not  follow  that  the  use  of  bronze  implements  may  not 
have  survived  in  some  places,  even  up  to  Roman  times.  Even  stone 
implements,  such  as  celts,  and  flint  flakes,  and  scrapers,  may  have 
been  used  by  the  poorer  inhabitants.  There  are  many  objects 
appertaining  to  late  Celtic  times  in  the  east  of  England,  that  are 
ill-represented  here.  The  ornamented  Celtic  pottery  found  in 
Sussex  and  the  ribbed  pottery,  of  which  Mr.  Arthur  Evans  lately 
found  a  quantity  at  Aylesford,  is  rarely  found  here,  although  the 
latter  is  found  occasionally.  No .  coins  of  any  kind  were  found  in 
this  camp,  but  the  British  gold  and  silver  coins  of  this  neighbourhood 
are  of  an  uninscribed,  barbarous  kind,  and  appear  to  have  survived 
quite  into  Roman  times.  I  cannot  conceive  any  district  in  which 
the  survival  of  bronze  implements,  up  to  a  late  date,  is  more  likely 
to  have  occurred.  More  detailed  plans,  sections,  and  drawings  of 
the  relics  discovered  in  this  camp  will  be  found  in  the  first  part 
of  my  fourth  volume  of  Excavations,  now  in  course  of  preparation. 

Near  the  surface,  in  the  camp,  two  grain-rubbers,  represented  in 
the  accompanying  woodcuts,  were  found  at  J.  and  N.,  Plate  I. 
They  are  of  a  kind  frequently  found  amongst  Bronze  Age  relics, 
and  of  a  form  that  preceded  the  quern  for  grinding  corn. 


Grain-rubbers  found  in  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 


By  Lt.-Gen.  Pitt-Rivers,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.S.A.       219 

The  animal  remains  consisted  of  ox,  deer,  and  sheep.  No  entire 
bone  was  discovered,  so  that  it  was  impossible  to  compute  the 
stature  at  the  shoulder,  by  means  of  the  test  animals  that  I  have 
prepared  for  the  purpose  >  but  by  comparing  the  heads  of  some  of 
the  bones,  by  the  eye,  it  appears  that  the  ox  was  of  small  size — not 
larger  than  that  of  the  Roman  Age — and  a  horn  core,  found  near 
the  bottom  of  the  ditch,  shows  that  it  was  a  "  Bos  longifrons" 
with  horns  pointing  forwards,  like  our  modern  shorthorn,  and  about 
the  size  of  our  Kerry  Cow.  Nothing  savouring  of  the  large  "  Bos 
Primigenius  "  was  discovered.  The  sheep  was  a  small  animal,  with 
slender  bones,  like  that  of  the  Roman  age  found  in  the  neighbouring 
villages,  and  like  those  from  St.  Kilda,  of  which  examples  may  be 
seen  in  Rushmore  Park.  No  trace  of  pig  was  found ;  or  of  horse, 
so  that  we  may  presume  the  latter  was  not  eaten,  and  judging  by 
our  modern  standard,  the  Bronze  Age  folk  may  have  been  in  this 
respect  better  feeders  that  the  Roman  Britons.  Deer  was  more 
abundant  than  in  the  Roman  villages,  and  bones  of  a  small  kind  of 
dog  were  found,  which  shows  that  they  were  hunters,  whilst  the 
Roman  Britons  in  the  same  locality  were  sedentary,  and  lived  almost 
entirely  on  domesticated  animals.  Only  the  bones  found  in  the 
rubble,  at  or  near  the  bottom  of  the  ditch,  could  be  taken  as  repre- 
senting the  animals  of  the  period. 

The  camp  slopes  down  towards  the  west,  which  [is  remarkable,  as 
level  ground  might  have  been  obtained  within  a  short  distance  :  but 
this  brought  them  nearer  to  the  bottom  of  the  adjoining  Combe,  in 
which  probably  a  spring  may  have  existed  in  those  times.  The 
slope  may  also  have  helped  to  drain  the  interior  of  the  camp.  There 
were  no  pits  in  this  camp,  such  as  were  common  in  all  the  residences 
of  the  Romanized  Britons.  A  hole,  P.,  PI.  L,  evenly  cut,  2ft.  in 
diameter  and  2ft.  Gin.  deep,  was  found,  but  nothing  except  fine 
mixed  earth  and  two  pieces  of  decayed  wood  were  found  in  it. 
Numerous  soft  places  in  the  chalk — which  are  the  bete  noire  of  the 
excavator  in  a  chalk  soil — had  to  be  conscientiously  cleared  out,  but 
without  finding  anything  that  appeared  to  be  artificial,  except  the 
small  hole  above-mentioned  and  a  pit  10'Sft.  long,  and  5 -3ft.  wide, 
Q.,  PL  I.,  which  might  have  been  a  grave,  but  had  no  bones  in  it. 


220      Excavation  of  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 

A  very  slight  rise,  in  the  centre  of  the  camp,  O.,  PI.  I.,  produced  as 
many  as  two  hundred  and  one  fragments  of  coarse  British  pottery, 
quality  No.  1.  It  may  have  been  a  tumulus,  but  no  bones — either 
burnt  or  unburnt — were  discovered  in  it,  and  it  is  difficult  to  say 
whether  it  was  of  the  period  of  the  camp,  or  earlier.  My  impression 
is  that  the  place  was  occupied  before  the  camp  was  constructed,  on 
account  of  the  large  number  of  fragments  of  coarse  British  pottery 
found  in  the  rampart.  Most  of  these  must  have  been  on  the  ground 
before  the  ditch  was  cut,  and  must  have  been  thrown  up  with  the 
earth  :  but  probably  the  same  pottery  continued  to  be  used  in  the 
camp  afterwards.  An  area  to  the  south  and  west,  outside  the  camp, 
R.R.,  PI.  I.,  was  trenched,  to  see  whether  pottery  could  be  found 
outside  the  camp  also,  but  only  three  fragments  of  coarse  British 
pottery  were  discovered,  and  these  on  the  side  nearest  the  camp. 

As  to  the  small  lozenge-shaped  form  of  the  camp  ;  in  endeavouring 
to  compare  it  with  others,  I  am  not  aware  of  any  other  camp  having 
been  dug  over  so  completely  as  to  prove  it  to  be  of  the  Bronze  Age, 
The  only  other  camp  of  squarish  form  that  I  ever  examined,  was 
that  of  Highdown,  in  Sussex,  in  which  I  found  a  bronze  socketted 
knife,  as  recorded  in  "  Archaologia"  vol.  xlii.,  p.  27-76,  but  it  was 
not  thoroughly  explored,  and  Saxon  remains  have  since  been  found 
there.  There  are  several  small  camps  near  Rushmore,  a  model  of 
one  of  which  was  exhibited,  which  will  be  explored  hereafter.  We 
shall  then  see  whether  the  square  form  of  camp  can  be  further 
associated  with  the  Britons  of  the  Bronze  Age  in  this  locality.  As 
yet,  notwithstanding  the  number  of  Bronze  Age  tumuli  which  have 
been  opened  by  Sir  Richard  Hoare,  Dr.  Thurnam,  and  others,  no 
residence  of  the  bronze  people,  except  this  one,  has  been  examined 
in  this  neighbourhood. 

I  have  since  had  the  South  Lodge  Camp  completely  restored,  by 
throwing  the  silting,  excavated  from  the  ditch,  into  the  rampart, 
and  planting  it  with  mahonia,  ivy,  and  other  shrubs  to  preserve  it, 
so  that  it  probably  very  much  resembles  what  it  was  at  the  time  it 
was  in  use. 

Since  this  paper  was  read  two  other  ditches  in  this  locality,  of  the 
Bronze  Age,  have  been  explored  in  the  same  manner  and  with  similar 


By  Lt.-Gen.   Pitt-Rivers,  V.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  F.8.A.       221 

results,  the  Roman  pottery  having  been  found  only  at  the  top  of 
the  silting-,  and  in  one  of  them,  bronze  implements  and  pottery  below. 
So  that  there  are  grounds  for  hope  that,  by  a  similar  method  of 
exploration,  evidence  may  ultimately  be  obtained  which  will  throw 
light  on  the  interval,  if  any,  which  existed  in  this  neighbourhood 
between  the  Bronze  and  Roman  Ages. 

[This  paper  was  illustrated  by  two  models  of  the  camp,  one  done 
before  excavation — showing  the  features  of  the  ground,  before  it 
was  entirely  destroyed  by  being  excavated — and  the  other  after 
excavation,  showing  the  ditch,  with  pins  marking  the  exact  position 
of  the  relics  found.  These  models  have  been  made  for  my  Museum 
at  Farnham,  in  which  there  are  one  hundred  and  eight  models  of 
prehistoric  monuments  and  earthworks  of  different  kinds.  Photo- 
graphs were  also  exhibited,  showing  the  condition  of  the  excavations 
at  the  time  each  object  was  discovered,  with  diagrams,  tables,  and 
a  map  of  the  position.] 


THE  FOLLOWING  IS  A  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  VARIOUS 
KINDS  OF  POTTERY  REFERRED  TO  IN  THIS  PAPER. 

BRITISH  POTTERY. 

No.  1. — COARSE  BRITISH.  This  contains  large  fragments  of  flint, 
shell,  or  chalk  in  its  composition,  but  no  sand.  Most  of  the  cinerary 
urns  are  made  of  this  quality.  It  is  generally  badly  baked  and 
hand-made ;  frequently  ornamented. 

No.  2. —  SOFT  BRITISH.  This  much  resembles  No.  1,  but  has  no 
grains  in  its  composition.  It  is  badly  baked,  and  frequently  red  on 
the  outside  and  black  on  the  inside,  or  in  the  interior  of  the  substance. 
It  cannot  always  be  distinguished  from  No.  1,  as  parts  of  the  vessels 
of  No.l  quality  have  fewer  grains  than  others.  It  is  always  hand-made. 

No.  3. — FINE  BRITISH.  This  is  generally  thinner  than  the 
preceding  qualities ;  red,  and  without  large  grains  of  flint  or  quartz 
or  sand.  It  is  often  ornamented  with  incised  lines,  and  is  the  quality 
of  which  the  so-called  drinking  vessels,  found  with  the  crouched 
interments  of  the  Bronze  Age  are  composed.  It  is  hand-made. 

No.  4.— HARD  BRITISH.     This  is  generally  thicker  than  the  last, 


222     Excavation  of  the  SoutJi  Lodge  Camp,  Rushmore  Park. 

and  of  a  brownish  colour,  and  contains  no  large  grains  of  quartz, 
flint,  or  chalk,  but  the  clay  is  mixed  with  coarse  sand  of  quartz  and 
other  materials,  Only  one  possible  fragment  of  this  quality  was 
found  in  the  South  Lodge  Camp,  and  it  is  not  included  in  the  table/ 
Plate  II.,  but  this  quality  was  found  in  an  adjoining  pit,  and  has 
frequently  been  found  elsewhere  in  association  with  relics  of  the 
Bronze  Age.  It  is  sometimes  difficult  to  distinguish  from  the 
Romano-British  pottery.  It  is  hand-made. 

ROMAN  AND  ROMANO-BRITISH  POTTERY. 

ROMANO-BRITISH. — This  is  generally  black  or  brown  in  colour, 
thin,  and  generally  without  much  sand,  though  it  has  occasionally 
grains  of  quartz  sand  in  its  composition,  but  never  large  grains  of 
quartz  or  flint,  or  chalk.  It  is  mostly  lathe-turned,  and  often  tooled 
over  on  the  outside.  It  is  sometimes  difficult  to  distinguish  from 
the  fourth  quality  of  British,  but  never  has  the  same  amount  of 
sand.  This  quality  appears  probably  to  have  been  fabricated  in  the 
kilns  at  Bagber. 

THIN  GREY. — This  is  both  thick  and  thin,  hard  and  well  baked  ; 
lathe- turned,  and  of  grey  colour.  It  has  no  sand  in  its  composition, 
and  never  large  grains  of  any  kind. 

OTHER  ROMAN  POTTERY. — This  is  of  several  kinds.  The  hard 
New  Forest  ware  is  a  kind  of  thin  stone  ware,  generally  of  dark 
brown  colour,  and  has  fluted  sides.  It  has  no  sand  or  grains  in  its 
composition,  and  is  well  baked  ;  quite  a  superior  quality  of  pottery 
to  the  Romano- British.  Other  fragments  are  softer,  cream-coloured, 
and  sometimes  painted  red  or  black.  It  was  fabricated  in  the  New 
Forest,  where  the  kilns  have  been  found. 

RED  SAMIAN. — This  is  the  well-known  glazed  red  pottery,  that 
was  introduced  from  abroad  and  not  fabricated  in  England.  The 
older  quality  of  it  is  the  finer,  and  of  a  deeper  red  colour.  Imita- 
tions of  it  were  fabricated  in  England,  but  they  are  coarser  and 
thicker  and  of  a  lighter  red.  Imitation  Samian  passes  into  a  kind  of 
red  pottery,  of  which,  however,  no  fragments  were  found  in  this  camp. 

The  several  qualities  vary  in  different  parts  of  the  country,  and 
the  same  table  will  not,  therefore  suffice  for  all  localities. 

1  See  note,  p.  213. 


for  %  Jwtjw  Instigation  of 
Pistorg  of  ^o 


Bj  C.  H.  TALBOT. 
[Read  before  the  Society  at   Warminster,  July  2Gtk,  1893.1] 

T  must  be  understood  that  what  I  have  undertaken  to  read 
|>j  to-night  is  not  a  paper  on  the  architectural  history  of 
Longleat,  but  simply  a  plea  for  the  further  investigation  of  that 
subject. 

I  shall  have  continually,  in  the  course  of  it,  to  mention  a  name 
that  is  still  very  fresh  in  our  memories  and  which  has  come  to  be 
intimately  associated  with  Longleat,  that  of  the  late  Canon  Jackson, 
to  whose  labours  this  Society  owes  so  much,  from  whose  writings  I 
have  continually  drawn  information,  and  whose  personal  friendship 
I  shall  always  feel  it  a  very  great  privilege  to  have  enjoyed. 

I  have  long  intended  to  make  some  necessary  corrections  of  the 
architectural  notes  on  Longleat,  which  I  published  in  the  Society's 
Magazine,  in  March  ,  187  8.  2  The  present  occasion  of  the  Meeting 
of  the  Society,  at  Warminster,  seems  to  be  a  suitable  opportunity 
for  doing  so. 

It  is  necessary  first  to  explain  how  I  came  to  be  led  into  statements 
which  I  afterwards  found  to  be  only  partly  tenable.  Before  I  ever 
saw  Longleat,  I  had  read  Canon  Jackson's  first  paper  on  the  subject, 
published  in  the  Society's  Magazine  in  1857,3  containing  views, 


1  The  paper  is  printed,  as  read,  with  the  omission  of  one  passage  containing  a 
suggestion  which  did  not  appear  to  be  tenable.  On  visiting  Longleat,  next  day, 
a  few  Members  of  the  Society  examined  the  building  critically,  and  were,  I 
think,  satisfied  that  there  is  earlier  and  later  work  of  the  sixteenth  century,  which 
is  the  main  point  for  which  I  contended. 

2  Vol.  xvii.,  p.  358. 

3  Vol.  iii.,  p.  281. 


224-  A  Plea  for  the  Further  Investigation  of 

however,  out  of  which  he  had  probably  already  grown,  when  I  first 
read  it,  though  I  was  not  aware  of  the  fact,  and  which  he  ultimately 
altogether  abandoned.  That  paper  appears  to  be  biassed  by  what 
Horace  Walpole  had  said,  in  his  Anecdotes  of  Painting,  first  pub- 
lished in  1761.  Walpole  collected  a  great  deal  of  curious  and 
interesting  matter,  but  I  think  also  a  good  many  erroneous  im- 
pressions owe  their  origin  to  him,  from  the  tendency  of  later  writers 
to  treat  his  statements  as  of  undoubted  authority.  How  far  he 
could  go  wrong,  may  be  seen  from  a  passage,  in  which  he  says  : — 
"  I  am  persuaded  that  what  we  call  Gothic  architecture  was  confined 
solely  to  religious  buildings,  and  never  entered  into  the  decoration 
of  private  houses,"  which  is,  of  course,  the  direct  reverse  of  the  truth. 

I  cannot  proceed  far,  with  my  subject,  without  alluding  to  that 
somewhat  unfortunate  individual,  known  as  John  of  Padua,  whose 
misfortune  it  has  been  to  have  been,  at  one  time,  praised  as  a  very 
great  Renaissance  architect,  and,  at  another  time,  represented  as 
hardly  an  architect  at  all,  but  mainly  a  musician.  I  will,  however, 
clear  the  ground,  at  once,  by  saying  that  there  is  no  evidence  of  his 
having  had  anything  to  do  with  Longleat.  The  popular  notion, 
that  he  designed  the  house,  which  still  continues  to  be  repeated, 
though  it  ought  to  be  known  to  be  unfounded,  seems  to  be  derived 
from  Walpole,  though  Walpole  does  not  exactly  say  so.  Speaking 
of  the  change  of  style  in  architecture,  in  the  time  of  Henry  the 
Eighth,  he  says : — "  Henry  had  actually  an  Italian  architect  in  his 
service,  to  whom  I  should  without  scruple  assign  the  introduction 
of  regular  architecture,  if  it  was  clear  that  he  arrived  here  near  so 
early  as  Holbein.  He  was  called  John  of  Padua,  and  his  very  office 
seems  to  intimate  something  noble  in  his  practice.  He  was  termed 
'  Devizor  of  his  majesty's  buildings/  "  I  am  inclined  to  think  that 
Walpole  was  mistaken  in  supposing  that  this  designation  was 
something  very  exceptional,  but  it  does,  at  any  rate,  show  that  he 
designed  buildings. 

Then  he  goes  on  to  say  : — "  In  one  of  the  office  books  which  I 
have  quoted,  there  is  a  payment  to  him  of  £36  10s.  Qd.  In  the 
same  place  is  the  payment  of  the  same  sum  to  Laurence  Bradshaw, 
surveyor,  with  a  fee  of  two  shillings  per  diem.  To  the  clerk  of  the 


The  Architectural  History  of  Longleat.  225 

latter,  £9  2s>.  (W. ;  for  riding  expenses,  £53  6*.  Gd. ;  and  for  boat 
hire,  £13  6s.  Sd.  John  de  Padua  is  mentioned  again  in  Rymer's 
Fcedera,  on  the  grant  of  a  fee  of  2,?.  per  diem/-'  Walpole  then  prints 
the  patent,  from  Rymer's  Foedera,  dated  1544.  This  patent  specifies 
payment  for  services  in  architecture  and  music,  architecture  being 
put  first.  It  was  to  endure  during  the  King's  pleasure  and  is 
retrospective,  payment  commencing  from  Easter,  1542.  The  patent 
was  renewed  in  1549,  for  life,  and  payment  was  continued  till  the 
reign  of  Philip  and  Mary. 

The  office  book,  referred  to  by  Walpole,  does  not  appear  to  be 
now  forthcoming,  but  perhaps  search  may  not  have  been  made  for 
it,  in  the  right  place. 

Speaking  of  the  reign  of  Edward  the  Sixth,  Walpole  says  :— 
"  Architecture  preserved  in  this  reign  the  footing  it  had  acquired 
under  the  last  King.  Somerset  House  is  a  compound  of  Grecian 
and  Gothic.  It  was  built  on  the  site  of  Chester  inn,  where  the 
ancient  poet  Occleve  formerly  lived.  As  the  pension  to  John  of 
Padua  was  renewed  in  the  third  of  this  King,  one  may  suppose  that 
he  owed  it  to  the  Protector,  and  was  the  architect  of  this J  palace. 
In  the  same  style,  and  dating  its  origin  from  the  same  power,  as 
Somerset  House,  is  Longleat,  though  not  begun  till  1567.  It  was 
built  by  Sir  John  Thynne,  a  principal  officer  to  the  Protector." 

It  will  thus  be  seen  that  it  is  simply  a  conjecture,  on  Walpole's 
part,  that  John  o£  Padua  was  employed  on  old  Somerset  House,  but 
it  is  a  very  probable  conjecture.  What  he  says  about  Longleat  is 
rather  vague,  but  he  seems  to  have  considered  Longleat  to  be  in  the 
same  style  as  the  old  work  at  Somerset  House.  I  think  it  quite 
possible,  however,  that  he  may  have  made  the  comparison  with 
work  there  that  was  really  not  quite  so  early  as  the  lifetime  of  the 
Protector  Somerset. 

Canon  Jackson,  in  a  very  interesting  paper,  published  in  the 
Society's  Magazine,  in  1886,2  attempted  to  identify  John  of  Padua 


1  Anecdotes  of  Painting,  edition  of  1762,  reads  "  his.' 

2  Vol.  xxiii.,  p.  14 
VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXXI. 


226  A  Plea  JOT  the  Further  Investigation  of 

and  suggested,  with  great  probability,  that  his  family  name  may 
have  been  Padovan,  or  dei  Padovani,  and  only,  when  latinised,  "de 
Padua.""  Among  the  persons,  he  names,  however,  the  identification 
cannot,  at  present,  be  made  with  certainty. 

When  I  first  read  Canon  Jackson's  original  paper  on  Longleat,  I 

was  already  familiar  with  early   Renaissance  work,  remaining  at 

Lacock  Abbey,  which  has  since  been   ascertained  to    have   been 

executed  in  the  period  1540  to  1553,  which  curiously  enough  nearly 

coincides  with  the  period  during  which  John  of  Padua  received  a 

salary  from  the   Crown,  though  I  do  not  mean  to  say  that  that  is 

more  than  a  coincidence.     I  may  perhaps,  be  permitted  to  repeat 

what  I  said,    in  18 78,1  on  the  subject,  and  am  able  to  adhere  to 

entirely.     It  was   this : — "  I  happen  to  be   familiar,  in  my  own 

home,  with  a  type  of  work  which  is  such  as,  I  believe,  we  should 

have  found  in  old  Somerset  House,  had  any  part  of  that  building 

remained  to  the  present  time  " — by  which,  I  meant,  any  part  of  the 

original  building.     "  This  is  the  work  executed  for  Sir  William 

Sharington,   when   he   converted  the  buildings   of    the  dissolved 

monastery  of  Lacock  into  a  manor-house.     Throughout  this  work, 

an   Italian   element  may  be  traced,   combined  with  the   English 

architectural  forms  in  a  very  remarkable  manner.     In  the  case  of 

two  tables  of  carved  stone,  the  design  is  so  entirely  Italian  and  the 

execution  so  excellent,  as  to  lead  decidedly  to  the  conclusion  that 

an  Italian  architect  or  sculptor  was  employed." 

I  have  brought  with  me  photographs2  of  these  tables,  in  order 
that  you  may  see  that  I  was  not  romancing.  We  now  know  that 
the  sculptor  was  probably  an  Englishman  of  the  name  of  Chapman, 
who  also  worked  at  Longleat,  but  there  is,  I  think,  no  evidence  of 
any  of  his  work  remaining  there  now.  The  design  of  these  tables 
is  such  as  might,  very  well,  be  found  in  Italy,  but  the  material  is 
Bath  stone,  with  the  exception  of  the  slabs,  which  are  of  a  kind  of 
grey  marble.  One  of  the  tables  is  authenticated,  by  cyphers  and 
crests,  as  having  been  made  for  Sir  Wrilliam  Sharington,  and  cannot 

1  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vol.  xvii.,  p.  3&S. 
2  Reduced  photographs  of  these  tables  accompany  the  text. 


STONE  TABLES  AT  LACOCK  ABBEY. 


The  Architectural  History  o/  Lone/leal.  227 

therefore  be  later  than  1553,  the  year  of  his  death,  and  they  are 
obviously  both  of  the  same  date.  These  photographs  have  no  direct 
connection  with  Longleat,  but  are  shown  as  typical  examples  of 
Renaissance  work,  of  the  time  of  Edward  the  Sixth.  The  connection 
of  Sharington  with  considerable  building  operations  is  certain.  His 
own  buildings,  at  Lacock,  of  excellent  workmanship  and  showing  a 
strong  Italian  influence,  were  in  progress  in  1548,  just  about  the 
time  of  the  building  of  Somerset  House,  and  he  was  also  concerned 
in  building  operations,  for  Lord  Seymour  of  Sudeley,  the  brother  of 
the  Protector  Somerset,  about  the  same  time.1 

I  naturally  expected,  after  reading  Canon  Jackson's  first  paper, 
to  find,  at  Longleat,  work  very  similar  to  the  work  at  Lacock. 
I  am  not  referring,  however,  so  much,  to  these  tables,  as  to 
other  architectural  features,  particularly  the  windows.  In  that  ex- 
pectation I  was  disappointed.  What  I  saw,  on  my  first  visit, 
appeared  to  be  distinctly  later,  but  I  did  not  see  more  than  the 
general  exterior  of  the  house  and  the  interior  of  the  hall.  On  the 
occasion  of  the  Society's  visit,  in  1877,  however,  I  went  over  the 
bouse,  and  I  then  found,  particularly  in  the  walls  of  the  inner  courts, 
evidences  of  what  I  thought  then  and  still  think  earlier  work,  some 
of  it,  not  improbably,  of  the  time  of  Edward  the  Sixth.  I  was 
met  then,  by  Canon  Jackson,  with  the  objection,  that  the  house  was 
known  to  have  been  begun  in  the  reign  of  Elizabeth,  1568. 

Shortly  after  the  publication  of  my  notes,  I  was  very  kindly 
permitted  by  the  Marquis  of  Bath,  to  examine  the  whole  house,  in 
the  company  of  my  friends,  Canon  Jackson  and  H.  P.  Jones,  Esqi 
We  were  shown  over  the  building  by  the  clerk  of  the  works. 

I  saw,  at  once,  that  I  had  made  some  mistakes 3  in  what  I  had 
published,  after  a  hurried  visit,  and  that  the  resemblance  of  what  1 
consider  the  earlier  work  at  Longleat  to  Sharington's  work,  at 
Lacock,  was  not  so  close  as  I  had  supposed,  but  still  there  was  a 
marked  approximation,  so  that  my  opinion,  that  there  was  a  good 


1  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vol.  xxvii.,  p.  162. 

2  Particularly  in  supposing  that  there  were  several  doors  with  cornices. 

R    2 


A  Plea  for  the  Further  Investigation  of 

deal   of   work  older  than   had  been  supposed,   still   remaining  at 
Longleat,  was,  on  the  whole,  confirmed. 

Shortly  afterwards,  Canon  Jackson  found  documentary  evidence 
that  building  had  been  done,  at  Longleat,  at  an  earlier  date  than  he 
had  supposed,  and  that  Sir  John  Thynne  had  begun,  by  converting 
the  buildings  of  the  priory  into  a  dwelling-house,  in  the  time  of 
Edward  the  Sixth.  This  was  generally  confirmatory  of  my  opinion, 
that  the  house  was  not  all  of  one  date,  and  that  the  oldest  portions 
were  to  be  found  in  the  walls  of  the  courts.  I  may  mention  that 
those  walls  are,  to  a  great  extent,  concealed  behind  passages,  that 
have  been  added  in  modern  times,  but  the  original  walls  and  windows 
could  be  seen,  in  places,  and  bore  some  apparent  traces  of  fire. 

I  was  rather  surprised,  however,  to  find  that  Canon  Jackson  ulti- 
mately took  this  ground,  that  no  part  of  Sir  John  Thynne's  earlier 
buildings  remained,  but  that  the  front  and  back  walls  of  the  present 
house,  though  dissimilar  in  treatment,  were  all  put  up  at  the  same 
time.  Now  it  is  an  unlikely  thing  that  an  architect  would  deliber- 
ately design  the  front  and  back  of  a  building,  in  different  styles,  and  an 
examination  of  an  old  building  will  generally  enable  one  to  determine 
the  relative  dates  of  different  parts  of  it.  What  evidence  is  there, 
then,  of  a  complete  re-building,  in  this  case,  strong  enough  to  over- 
ride the  apparent  testimony  of  the  house  itself?  It  is  true  that  Sir 
John  Thynrie  is  said  to  have  built  Longleat,  with  his  own  stone  and 
timber  and  the  materials  of  the  former  house  which  was  burnt,  but 
persons  are  often  described  as  having  built,  when  they  simply  re- 
modelled, or  partly  re-built,  existing  buildings. 

One  would  like  to  know  whether  the  plan  of  the  present  house 
was  determined,  at  all,  by  the  plan  of  the  priory,  which  formerly 
existed  at  Longleat,  and  whether  any  portion  of  the  monastic 
building  still  remains.  If  there  is  any,  it  must  be  very  incon- 
spicuous, but  I  am,  by  no  means,  certain  that  some  small  portion 
does  not  remain.  I  remember  noticing,  in  a  cellar,  in  1878,  an 
arched  doorway  which  I  thought  might  be  monastic,  but  I  could 
not  be  sure.  I  may  here  quote  a  passage  from  Canon  Jackson's 
first  paper.  He  says : — "  That  the  Priory  stood  upon  this  identical 
spot  is  proved  by  the  discovery,  a  few  years  ago,  during  some 


TJie  Architectural  History  of  Longleat.  229 

alterations  in  the  interior  of  this  house,  of  an  old  wall  that  had 
formed  part  of  it,  and  that  had  been  worked  up  into  the  frame  of 
the  present  house." 

You  will  observe  that  this  is  not  consistent  with  his  later  theory, 
that  the  place  had  been  entirely  re-built, 

He  continues  : — "  At  the  same  time,  several  coffins  of  rude  work- 
manship, containing  skeletons,  were  found  under  the  floor,  near  the 
foot  of  the  grand  staircase.  These  were  removed  into  Horningsham 
churchyard/' 

Canon  Jackson's  paper,  on  John  of  Padua,  also  contains  further 
Dotes  on  the  history  of  the  building  of  Longleat,  in  which  he  has 
given  us  glimpses  of  matters  of  great  interest,  but  glimpses  only. 
He  hardly  seems  to  have  realired  the  importance  of  publishing,  as 
far  as  possible,    the  original  documents  in  full.     He  says,  in  one 
place,   speaking   apparently  of  the  year  1559,  that  "  the  names  of 
persons  employed  in  the  work  are  given  "  in  the  original  documents.. 
Unfortunately,  he  has  not  given  them  to  us.     The  names  of  the* 
same  persons  might  be  found,  sooner  or  later,  elsewhere;  and  any- 
how it  would  be  better  to  have  them.1      He  does,  however,  notice 
an  original  contract,  with  William  Spicer,  of  Nunney,  in  1559.     It 
occurs  to   me  that  this  may  perhaps  be  the  same  William  Spicer, 
who  was  surveyor  of  the  works,  at  Upnor  Castle,  Kent,  for  Queen 
Elizabeth,  in   1559   and    1560;    was    appointed,   by   the   Earl  of 
Leicester,  to  succeed  Rowland  Johnson  as  surveyor  of  the  works 
and  fortifications  at  Berwick,  in  1584- ;  had  a  grant  of  the  office  of 


1  As  an  illustration  of  this — in  Parker's  Domestic  Architecture  (vol.  iii.,  p. 
295),  is  given  the  plasterer's  contract,  between  Sir  Thomas  Kytson,  of  Hengrave 
Hall,  Suffolk,  and  Robert  Watson,  "ruler  of  his  building  in  H engrave,"  and 
Thomas  Neker  of  Great  Fransham,  Norfolk,  dated  January  20th,  29th  of  Henry 
VIII.  (1538). 

The  Record  Office  furnishes  (Court  of  Wards  Deeds,  Bag  94,  D.)  evidence  of 
the  following  bonds  or  debts,  owing  to  Sir  William  Sharington,  in  1548,  viz. : — 
Ap.  24.     2  E.  vj  Robert  Watson  &  Alex  Chapman  of  Norwiche  £20. 
Ap.  24.     2  E.  vi  Robert  Watson  &  John  Howell  £20. 

It  is  probable  that  this  is  the  same  Robert  Watson  and  that  there  is  a  reference 
to  building  transactions.  Alexander  Chapman  may  have  been  a  relative  of  the 
Lacock  and  Longleat  carver,  whose  Christian  name  Canon  Jackson  has  given  as 
John,  but  without  fully  quoting  his  authority. 


230  A  Plea  for  the  Further  Investigation  of 

surveyor  of  the  Queen's  works,  in  1597,  with  the  usual  fee  of  two 
shillings  a  day,  and  is  apparently  mentioned,  for  the  last  time,  in 
1599,  in  connection  with  the  fortifications  of  Carisbrook.  Of  course, 
they  may  possibly  be  different  men,  but  the  Christian  and  surname 
being  identical,  I  think  it  is  worth  enquiring  whether  they  are  not 
the  same. 

The  most  important  fact,  published  by  Canon  Jackson,  in  its 
bearing  on  the  prevalent  opinions  about  Longleat,  is  probably  the 
documentary  evidence  of  the  employment  of  Robert  Smithson,  on 
the  building.  It  appears  that  he  was  recommended  to  Sir  John 
Thynne,  in  1568,  as  having  "been  employed  by  Mr.  Vice  Cham- 
berlain as  principal  freemason."  Sir  Thomas  Heneage  appears  to 
have  been  Vice  Chamberlain  to  Queen  Elizabeth,  and,  if  he  filled 
the  office  at  that  date,  Copt  Hall,  which  is  described  as  "  at  that 
time  the  noblest  house  in  Essex,"  would  probably  be  where  Smithson 
was  employed,  before  he  went  to  Longleat.  The  date  assigned  to 
Copt  Hall,  from  1564  to  1567,  would  agree,  very  well,  with  this 
supposition.  Unfortunately,  Copt  Hall,  is,  I  believe,  entirely 
destroyed,  so  that  we  cannot  compare  it  with  Longleat,  but,  at  a 
later  date,  1580,  Smithson  was  employed, by  Sir  Francis  Willoughby, 
at  Wollaton,  in  Nottinghamshire,  and  here  we  can  institute  a  com- 
parison. I  have  not  seen  Wollaton,  but  I  have  studied  some 
architectural  drawings  of  that  house  which  appeared  in  the  Builder^ 
in  1889.  The  first  thing  that  strikes  one,  in  any  view  of  Wollaton, 
is  that,  whereas  the  house,  in  the  main,  is  an  elaborate  Elizabethan 
building,  there  is  a  great  towering  erection  in  the  centre,  so  dis- 
similar to  the  rest  that  it  can  hardly  be  the  design  of  the  same 
architect.  With  that  central  part  I  am  not,  at  first,  concerned. 
The  outer  building  appears  to  be  undoubtedly  Robert  Smithson's 
work,  with  the  exception,  perhaps,  of  a  few  features  that  may  have 
been  added  later.  The  resemblance  of  the  design  to  Longleat  is 
very  striking,  particularly  in  the  proportions  of  the  windows,  but, 
as  it  is  rather  later,  so  is  it  rather  more  ornate  and,  I  think,  rather 
less  satisfactory.  Ornamental  pilasters  are  introduced,  throughout 
the  work,  whereas,  at  Longleat,  they  are  confined  to  the  projecting 
bays.  The  date  of  this  part  of  Wollatou  is  given  by  an  inscription, 


The  Architectural  History  of  Longleat.  231 

on  the  building,  which  records  that  it  was  begun  in  1580  and  finished 
in  1588. 

I  will  here  give  an  extract  from  Britton's  Architectural  Antiquities, 
published  in  1809.  Speaking  of  Wollaton,  John  Britton  says  :— 
"  since  writing  the  preceding  pages,  I  have  obtained  the  following 
copy  of  an  inscription  from  the  church  at  Wollaton :  and  as  this 
brings  forward  the  name  of  an  Architect,  hitherto  unknown,  or 
scarcely  noticed,  and  invalidates  the  claims  of  John  Thorpe,  to  the 
honour  of  having  designed  Wollaton- Hall,  I  presume  it  will  be 
deemed  a  curious  document,  by  the  Architectural  Antiquary.  '  Here 
lieth  ye  body  of  Mr.  Robert  Smithson,  Gentn  Architector  and 
Survayor  unto  the  most  worthy  House  of  Wollaion  with  diverse  others 
of  great  account.  He  lived  in  ye  Fayth  of  Christ  79  yeares,  and 
then  departed  this  life  the  xvth  of  October  an'o  d'ni  1614.'  "  From 
this  inscription,  it  appears  that  Smithson  must  have  been  born  about 
1535,  and  would  be  about  33  when  he  went  to  Longleat.  Another 
writer  (in  the  Building  News,  1870)  states  that  the  original  drawings 
of  Wollaton  are  preserved  and  are  signed  by  Smithson. 

I  now  come  to  the  tower-like  building,  in  the  centre,  at  Wollaton. 
It  has,  I  understand,  been  suggested  that  this  was  an  old  tower 
originally.  If  so,  it  was  converted  in  the  time  of  Elizabeth  or 
James  the  First.  Yet  it  is  in  no  keeping  with  the  Elizabethan 
work  which  surrounds  it.  It  exhibits  a  reversion,  in  the  windows, 
towards  a  quasi-Gothic  type,  that  is,  they  have  a  kind  of  tracery, 
of  circles  only,  and  the  building  has  turrets,  corbelled  out  at  the 
angles,  something  like  those  which  were  common  in  Scotland. 
Combined  with  this,  there  are  some  Elizabethan  features,  similar  to 
those  in  the  rest  of  the  house,  and  the  balustrade,  at  the  top,  seems  to 
have  been  originally  the  same,  though  since  altered  to  a  Gothic  type. 

It  is  well-known  that  there  is,  in  Sir  John  Soane's  Museum,  in 
London,  a  book  of  plans  and  drawings  by  John  Thorpe,  an  architect 
of  the  time  of  Elizabeth  and  James  the  First,  to  which  attention 
appears  to  have  been  first  called  by  Horace  Walpole,  in  whose  time 
it  was  in  the  possession  of  the  Earl  of  Warwick.  It  is  obvious  that 
Thorpe  was  not  the  originator  of  all  the  designs  which  he  represents. 
There  is  a  plan  of  Copt  Hail,  but  no  elevation,  and  the  plan  does 


£32  A  Plea  for  the  Further  Investigation  of 

not  help  us.  There  is  an  elevation  of  Wollaton,  which  shows 
Smithson's  building  and  also  shows  the  tower,  with  its  quasi- Gothic 
windows  and  original  balustrade,  and  a  very  remarkable  stack  of 
chimneys,  on  the  top,  which  has  now  disappeared,  but  which  is 
shown  in  an  old  engraving,  in  Thoroton's  Nottinghamshire,  1677. 
These  chimneys  appear  to  have  been  of  a  spiral  Gothic  type,  but  the 
whole  stack  to  have  been  surmounted  by  a  kind  of  pediment.  I 
really  think  the  explanation  of  the  design  of  these  extraordinary 
chimneys  must  be  this : — the  Elizabethan  architects  were  fond  of 
making  chimneys  like  columns,  and,  in  this  case,  the  architect  seems 
to  have  gone  the  length  of  a  complete  portico,  on  a  small  scale, 
running  the  flues  through  the  pediment,  and  afterwards  apparently 
to  have  Gothicised  the  shafts.  The  drawings,  which  represent  these 
chimneys,  are,  however,  not  very  distinct.  I  noticed,  in  Thorpe's 
drawing  of  Wollaton,  that  two  pilasters,  one  above  the  other,  are 
shown  on  the  face  of  the  tower,  as  if  they  were  the  suggestion  of  a 
scheme  of  decoration,  never  carried  out.  They  are  drawn  in  ink. 
This  suggested  to  me  the  idea  that,  if  Thorpe,  as  well  as  Smithson, 
executed  work  at  Wollaton,  Thorpe  was  probably  the  later  of  the 
two,  and  the  design  of  the  central  tower  may  be  his.  This  derives 
some  support  from  the  fact  that  to  one  of  the  smaller  Elizabethan 
designs,  in  his  book,  is  appended  an  additional  upper  story,  sketched 
in  in  pencil  and  showing  similar  quasi-Gothic  windows,  which  do 
not  occur  in  the  original  drawing.  This,  however,  requires  further 
investigation.  All  that  appears  to  me  clear  is  that  Robert  Smithson 
is  not  likely  to  have  designed  the  central  tower  at  Wollaton. 

I  must  now  revert  to  a  point,  which  I  suggested  above,  whether, 
in  comparing  Longleat  with  Somerset  House,  Walpole  was  not 
instituting  a  comparison  with  work  at  Somerset  House,  which  was 
not  really  of  the  time  of  the  Protector. 

A  plan  of  the  outer  court  of  old  Somerset  House,  with  an  elevation 
of  \hQfacade  next  the  Strand,  is  found  in  Thorpe's  book  of  drawings, 
and  happens  to  be  one  of  those  drawings  which  are  not  named.  It 
was,  however,  recognised  by  Walpole,  who  must  have  been  familiar 
with  what  remained  of  the  building,  in  his  own  time.  It  is  noticeable 
that,  at  the  time  when  he  made  the  comparison  between  Longleat 


The  Architectural  History  of  Longleat.  233 

and  Somerset  House,  be  does  not  seem  to  have  known  anything  of 
John  Thorpe  or  his  book  of  drawings.  There  is  no  mention  of  them 
in  the  first  edition  of  Walpole's  work,  and  the  notice  was  introduced, 
as  a  "  Supplement,"  in  some  later  edition. 

I  have  carefully  examined  Thorpe's  drawing  and  plan.  The 
building  was  of  two  stories  only,  above  ground,  with  a  sunk  story 
containing  kitchen  and  cellars.  The  front,  next  the  Strand,  had  a 
gateway  in  the  centre,  ornamented  with  the  three  orders  super- 
imposed, but,  inasmuch  as  the  building  was  of  two  stories  only,  the 
Corinthian  order  occurs  on  two  pavilions,  carried  up  above  the  leads, 
on  each  side  of  the  gate,  and  on  a  light  construction  connecting 
them.  In  a  later  engraving,  however,  by  John  Kip,  about  1720, 
in  Strype's  edition  of  Stow,  this  upper  part  is  not  shown,  so  that 
it  would  appear  to  have  been,  by  that  time,  demolished,  or  possibly 
to  have  been  never  carried  out. 

At  some  distance  from  the  gatewa}7,  on  each  side,  were  two  square 
bay  windows,  ornamented  with  the  two  orders  superimposed,  and 
not  carried  up  to  the  parapet  of  the  building  but  finished  with  a 
pediment  or  low  gable.  The  occurrence  of  the  orders,  on  these  bay 
windows  and  on  those  at  Longleat,  appears  to  be  the  principal  point 
of  resemblance  between  the  two  buildings.  The  rest  of  the  front, 
as  also  the  lower  part  of  the  bays,  was  of  rusticated  masonry,  and 
was  pierced,  at  regular  intervals,  with  two-light  mullioned  and 
transomed  windows,  surmounted  by  pediments.  I  was  struck,  at 
once,  by  the  apparent  resemblance  of  the  bay  windows  to  those  at 
Corsham  Court,  and,  I  think,  the  proportions  will  be  found  to  agree, 
pretty  closely,  in  all  the  windows,  but  the  two-lights,  at  Corsham, 
are  not  pedimented.  The  date  of  the  work,  at  Corsham,  appears, 
from  an  inscription  on  the  building,  to  be  15S2. 

Thorpe's  drawing  does  not  give  the  plan  of  this  front  part  of 
Somerset  House,  for  the  reason  that  the  elevation  is  drawn  upon 
that  portion  of  the  paper  where  the  plan  would  be,  according  to  a 
not  unfrequent  old  practice.  Kip's  engraving,  however,  shows  that 
there  were  no  bay  windows  in  that  part,  next  the  court,  and  that 
the  gateway,  on  the  inside,  was  more  of  the  traditional  English  type 
with  flanking  turrets.  This  view  and  Thorpe's  plan  show  that,  on 


234  A  Plea  for  the  Further  Investigation  of 

the  sides  of  the  court,  the  bay  windows  occurred  again,  the  windows 
and  balustrade  being  the  same  as  in  the  front,  except  that  the 
windows  ran  up  to  the  balustrade.  The  roof  was  a  leaded  flat. 

On  the  opposite  side  of  the  court  was  a  sort  of  cloister,  common 
in  Elizabethan  houses,  with  a  doorway  in  the  centre  leading  to  the 
hall,  on  the  left,  and  a  terrace  above  the  cloister.  A  passage,  in  the 
corner,  next  the  hall,  led  to  the  Great  Chamber,  the  Presence  Chamber, 
and  a  gallery  which  returned  and  formed  another  square  court. 

To  revert  again  to  the  elevation  of  the  front,  the  chimneys  are 
remarkable.  They  have  rather  a  columnar  appearance,  but  ornament, 
on  the  shafts,  of  a  late  Gothic  character,  with  the  exception  of  one 
which  is  left  plain,  and  that  looks  to  me  very  much  as  if  Thorpe 
was  not  simply  drawing  existing  work,  but  designing,  in  the  matter. 
These  chimneys  were  actually  executed,  as  they  appear  in  a  later 
view,  which  shows  the  front  in  an  altered  and  dilapidated  state. 

The  conclusion  that  I  come  to  is  this  : — that  there  is  no  reason 
why  the  whole  of  this  court  may  not  have  been  Thorpe's  own  design 
and  as  late  as  1560,  or  later. 

If  so,  the  question  may  be  asked  : — where  was  the  work  executed 
for  the  Protector  Somerset?  I  would  venture  to  suggest,  as  a 
possible  explanation,  that  Somerset's  work  may  have  consisted,  as 
in  other  cases,  not  so  much  in  actual  re-building  as  in  the  conversion 
of  existing  buildings,  and  that,  this  failing  to  satisfy  the  taste  of 
those  who  succeeded  him,  the  outer  court  was  entirely  re-faced,  not 
improbably  by  Thorpe.  Stow  does,  however,  no  doubt,  say  that 
the  Protector,  in  1549,  pulled  the  old  buildings  down  and  made  level 
ground.  At  any  rate,  he  must  have  left  his  own  buildings  incomplete. 
Somerset  House  became  the  residence  of  Anne  o£  Denmark,  the 
Queen  of  James  the  First,  and  Strype  says: — "  This  House  was 
much  repaired  and  beautified  and  improved  by  new  buildings  and 
enlargements  by  this  Queen.1" 

This  may,  perhaps,  be  the  work  in  question.  If  we  supposed  it 
to  be  executed  very  shortly  after  the  accession  of  James,  it  would 
not  be  beyond  Thorpe's  range.  Kip's  engraving,  to  which  I  have 
several  times  referred,  is  a  bird's-eye  view,  from  the  river  side,  and 
shows  the  two  courts  clearly  and  also  the  additions  by  Inigo 


The  Architectural  History  of  Longleat,  235 

Jones,   who   does  not  appear  to  have   worked   there  before  1623. 

I  have  thus  endeavoured  to  show  that  Walpole's  opinion,  that  the 
outer  court  of  Somerset  House  was  built  in  the  time  of  the  Protector, 
for  I  think  it  amounts  to  that,  and  that  the  facades  of  Longleat  are 
in  the  same  style,  is  not  to  be  considered  as  necessarily  conclusive. 

To  return  to  Longleat; — taking  the  architectural  evidence  and 
the  documentary  evidence  together,  it  appears  almost  certain  that 
Robert  Smithson  must  have  been  the  man  who  built,  for  Sir  John 
Thynne,  those  portions  of  Longleat  of  which  the  design  has  been 
commonly  but  erroneously  associated  with  the  name  of  John  of 
Padua,  and  it  also  appears  that  Sir  John  Thynne  not  only  had  a 
very  long  experience  in  building,  but  also  took  a  strong  and  direct 
personal  interest  in  the  work.  What  I  believe  to  have  happened  is 
this— that,  when  Smithson  was  called  in,  it  was  considered  advisable 
to  re-build  the  front  entirely,  but  it  was  considered  practicable  to 
repair  the  back.  I  presume  that,  previous  to  the  fire  of  1567,  the 
house  must  have  had  gables  to  the  front,  as  well  as  towards  the 
courts.  This  gabled  arrangement  has  been  retained,  at  the  back, 
but,  as  the  gables  were  probably  too  much  damaged  by  the  fire  to 
stand,  they  appear  to  have  been  re-built.  The  opportunity  must 
have  been  taken  of  treating  the  front  in  a  manner  that  was  becoming 
more  fashionable,  with  a  continuous  horizontal  parapet,  but  I  under- 
stand that  the  same  construction  of  roof  is  continued  through,  from 
the  gables,  at  the  back,  to  the  front  walls,  passing  under  the  leads, 
like  gables,  with  the  upper  part  removed. 

On  the  gables,  at  the  back,  only  one  solitary  carved  stone  animal 
now  remains.  Those  inner  parts  of  the  house  have,  unfortunately, 
suffered  much  from  alterations,  and  appear  to  have  been  considered 
as  not  of  much  account,  but  it  is  precisely,  in  that  part,  that  I  think 
there  are  architectural  problems  to  be  solved.  The  front  part  is 
more  easily  understood. 

lii  conclusion,  I  may  be  criticised,  as  having  said  but  little  about 
Longleat,  and  more  about  other  places,  but  I  have  done  the  best  I 
could,  with  the  materials  to  which  I  have  had  access,  and,  after  all, 
my  object  has  been  mainly  to  stimulate  enquiry,  on  the  part  of 
other  persons. 


236 


on  a  j&mujt&l  from  %  Ufottasterg  of 
,  twav 


By  the  late  Rev.  EGBERT  DIXON,  LL.D. 
[Read  at  the  Warminster  Meeting  of  the  Society,  July  26tk,  1893.]  l 

N  taking  down  the  remains  of  the  Monastery  of  Ivy  Church, 
in  the  parish  of  Alderbury,  near  Salisbury,  there  was  found, 
built  into  one  of  the  walls,  a  cubical  stone,  which,  on  examination, 
was  found  to  be  the  remains  of  a  sun-dial.  It  measured  5|  inches 
in  length,  by  the  same  in  breadth  and  6|  inches  in  height;  1  inch, 
however,  of  the  height  had  been  inserted  into  a  pillar,  so  that  we 
may  speak  of  it  as  a  perfect  cube  of  5|  inches,  with  five  faces 
available  for  sun  shadows.  By  cutting  off  triangular  pyramids  from 
the  angles  eight  other  faces  have  been  made,  and  in  consequence  the 
five-sided  faces  turned  into  octagons.  Two  other  cubical  stone-dials 
of  about  the  same  size  and  apparently  the  same  age,  as  this  one,  are 
known  to  me.  One,  found  at  Wigborough,  near  Yeovil,  is  now  in 
the  Taunton  Museum.  The  other  was  found  on  the  site  of  the 
disused  Church  of  St.  Martins  le  Grand,  Dover,  and  is  now  in  the 
Dover  Museum.  It  has  been  carefully  described  and  sketched  in 
The  Archaeological  Journal,  vol.  xxi. 

The  one  now  before  us  has  suffered  much  damage  from  time  and 
wear,  and  it  is  surprising  that  a  more  durable  stone  was  not  used 
for  a  purpose  where  sharpness  in  the  sides  of  the  excavations  was 
most  essential  for  the  distinct  marking  of  the  shadow  boundaries. 
The  Dover  dial  has  also  suffered  much,  but  the  Taunton  dial  hardly 
at  all,  having  been  constructed  of  the  hard  freestone  from  one  of 
the  Inferior  Oolite  quarries  south  of  the  Mendip  Hills,  which  has 
lasted  so  well  in  Glastonbury  Abbey  and  Wells  Cathedral. 


1  The  drawings  of  the  dial  given  in  the  accompanying  plate  were  kindly  made 
by  the  Rev,  the  Hon.  B.  P.  Bouverie,  of  Pewsey  Rectory,  where  the  dial  now  is. 


CO 

c 

z 


e 


Notes  on  a  Sun-Dial  from  Ivy  Church,  near  Salisbury.       237 

The  hour-lines  on  the  east  and  west  faces  are  inclined  to  the 
horizon  at  an  angle  of  about  50f  degrees — this  was,  therefore,  the 
latitude  for  which  the  dial  was  constructed.1  Living  myself  in 
this  latitude  I  have  had  a  good  opportunity  in  an  unusually  sunny 
spring  of  noting  the  movements  of  the  shadows  on  the  various  faces. 

The  upper  face  has  teen  used  for  a  horizontal  dial.  The  metallic 
sub-stile  (2  inches  in  length)  is  still  visible,  and  many  of  the  Roman 
numerals  indicating  the  hours,  as  well  as  the  incisions  marking  the 
hour  angles,  which  are  fairly  accurate  for  the  latitude.  The  sub- 
stile  is  the  remains  of  a  triangular  gnomon  which  stood  2*4  inches 
high  with  the  same  inclination  to  the  horizon  (5 Of  degrees)  as  the 
lines  in  the  east  and  west  faces.  In  the  Dover  sun-dial  the  metallic 
remains  have  been  regarded  (I  think  erroneously)  not  as  a  sub-stile 
but  as  the  dowels  of  a  cross.  Small  dials  like  this  would  be  placed 
on  low  pedestals,  and  the  utility  of  a  horizontal  dial,  as  the  only  one 
indicating  the  time  from  sunrise  to  sunset,  could  not  be  overlooked. 

The  south  face  has  an  excavated  heart  with  eleven  lines  in  it 
diverging  downwards  from  above  the  cusp.  This  was  clearly  meant 
for  a  south  vertical  dial,  indieating  the  time  from  6,  a.m.,  to  6,  p.m. 
But  where  was  the  shadow  thrown  ?  Certainly  not  from  the  sides, 
for  the  boundaries  of  these  shadows  would  be  curvilinear,  nor  yet 
from  the  cusp,  for  even  assuming  that  this  was  ever  sharp  and  pointed 
enough  for  this  purpose,  shadow  lines  would  not  have  been  needed, 
reaching  to  the  bottom.  I  believe  the  explanation  is  to  be  found 
in  the  small  slit  at  the  top,  the  orifice  of  which  points  in  the  direction 
of  the  celestial  equator.  A  stilus  inserted  at  right  angles  in  a  plug 
placed  in  this  slit  will  be  inclined  39J  degrees  to  the  face,  this  being 
the  complement  of  the  latitude,  and  is  the  proper  indication  for  the 
gnomon  of  a  south  vertical  dial.  I  must  acknowledge,  however, 
that  I  cannot  make  the  shadows  quite  tally  with  the  hour-lines, 


1  The  sun's  apparent  daily  course  is  a  circle,  approximately  parallel  to  the 
celestial  equator.  The  earth's  axis  and  lines  parallel  to  it  are  perpendicular  to 
the  equatorial  and  parallel  planes.  Shadows,  therefore,  from  obstructions  parallel 
to  the  earth's  axis  and  so  pointing  to  the  celestial  pole,  are  unaltered  in  lateral 
direction.  A  simple  geometrical  construction  shows  that  the  angular  height  of 
the  polestar  is  equal  to  the  latitude. 


238  Notes  on  a  Sun-Dial  from  the  Monastery  of 

except,  of  course  at  noon,  and  I  am  of  opinion  that  the  stilus  must 
have  been  in  some  way  bout  round  the  cusp.  The  excavation 
answers  two  purposes,  it  tends  to  equalise  the  hour  angles,  and  its 
illumination  marks  6,  a.m.,  at  its  beginning  and  6,  p.m.,  at  its 
ending. 

The  east  face  had  a  short  stilus  inserted  in  the  central  hole.  The 
resemblance  of  the  double  plane  to  an  open  book  standing  on  the 
plane  of  the  celestial  equator  and  its  side  edges  and  central  line, 
therefore,  pointing  to  the  celestial  pole,  is  so  generally  noticed,  that 
I  think  it  must  be  intentional.  The  top  of  the  stilus  marks  the 
hours  from  sunrise  to  noon,  its  shadow  being  on  the  central  polar 
line  at  6,  a.m.  But  it  does  more  than  this.  Two  small  metallic 
marks  may  be  seen  at  the  central  point  of  the  outside  polar  exca- 
vations. The  shadow  of  the  stilus  moves  at  the  equinoxes  along  a 
line  joining  these  metallic  marks,  but  above  it  from  the  autumnal 
to  the  vernal  equinox,  and  below  it  from  the  vernal  to  the  autumnal ; 
the  maximum  divergence  being  reached  at  the  solstices.  One  other 
thing  is  noticeable  : — at  11,  a.m.,  the  shadow  of  the  upper  plane 
begins  to  be  thrown  on  the  lower  plane — there  is,  of  course,  com- 
plete obscuration  over  this  face  at  noon. 

The  west  face  has  three  excavations.  A  rectangular  one  with  a 
plane  base ;  a  semi-lenticular  one  (if  I  may  be  allowed  this  expression 
to  denote  the  figure  obtained  by  bisecting  a  thick  double-convex 
lens) ;  and  a  rectangular  one  with  a  curved  base.  The  advantage 
of  curved  bases  in  equalising  the  hour-spaces  may  be  seen  by  com" 
paring  the  first  and  third  of  these  excavations.  In  the  former  (the 
first)  the  shadow  limit  at  1,  p.m.,  is  3  inches  from  the  lower  edge  : 
at  2,  p.m.,  it  has  advanced  7  inches ;  and  it  occupies  four  hours  in 
passing  over  the  8  inches  which  complete  the  base ;  whereas  in  the 
latter  (the  third)  the  hour  lines  appear  to  proceed  by  regular  intervals 
from  1,  p.m.,  to  8,  p.m.  (?).  This,  however,  cannot  be  verified, 
owing  to  the  damage  sustained  by  the  upper  or  shadow-casting 
edge.  The  semi-lenticular  excavation  was  fitted  in  the  centre  with 
a  small  stilus,  indicating  the  afternoon  hours,  as  the  stilus  on  the 
east  side  did  the  forenoon  hours,  as  well  as  the  period  of  the  year 
by  the  line  of  its  movement.  Indications  of  this  latter  use  are 


Tvy  Church,  near  Salisbury \  239 

still  visible  in  the  faint  curves  drawn  at  intervals  parallel  to  the 
equatorial  line  that  passes  through  the  centre  hole.  At  the  equinox 
the  shadow  of  the  stilus  passes  along  this  equatorial  line.  It  appears 
possible  that  the  damage  done  to  the  lower  excavation  is  partly 
attributable  to  some  ill-judged  attempts  to  extend  the  reading  of 
the  shadow.  The  small  metallic  mark  over  the  lower  excavation  I 
cannot  explain. 

Of  the  eight  triangular  dials  at  the  angles  the  four  upper  ones 
are  in  a  sadly  damaged  condition.  Each  had  a  small  stilus  and 
excavation  apparently  in  a  shape  of  a  reversed  heart  (?).  The 
vertical  direction  of  the  shadows  of  the  stili  would  indicate  respec- 
tively 3,  a.m.,  9,  a.m.,  3,  p.m.,  and  9,  p.m.  The  first  and  last  of 
these,  however,  would  be  unattainable  in  this  latitude.  The  two 
southern  lower  dials  show  excavated  triangles,  with  stili  indicating 
respectively  9,  a.m.,  and  3,  p.m.,  when  their  shadows  fell  vertically.1 
By  far  the  best  preserved  of  these  triangular  dials  is  the  one  in  the 
lower  north-west  angle.  Here  a  quarter  sphere  has  been  hollowed 
out,  the  diameter  of  the  sphere  being  an  edge  of  the  west  octagonal 
face ;  the  polar  inclination  is  the  cause  of  the  irregularity  of  the 
octagon.  A  well-defined  shadow  is  here  thrown  from  4,  p.m.,  to 
sunset,  travelling  inwards.  The  shape  of  the  corresponding  hollow 
in  the  lower  north-east  angle  can  be  inferred  from  this ;  here  the 
shadow  would  travel  outwards  from  sunrise  to  8,  a.m. 

There  remains  the  north  face.  A  dial  with  this  aspect  is  obviously 
of  little  use  in  these  latitudes,  as  it  would  be  wholly  obscured  from 
6,  a.m.,  to  6,  p.m.  In  the  Dover  dial  this  face  is  blank.  In  the 
Taunton  dial  there  is  an  excavated  hemi-spherical  groove  below  the 
polar  face,  partly  serving  the  same  purpose  as  our  two  lower  north 
triangular  dials,  but  indicating  the  morning  hours  from  sunrise  to 
6,  a.m.,  only,  and  the  evening  hours  from  6,  p.m.,  only  to  sunset. 


1  It  must  be  to  a  construction  of  this  kind,  emphasing,  that  is,  special  hours, 
that  Durandus  refers  when  he  says  (Nat.  Divin.  Offic.),  writing  in  the  13th 
century,  "  The  horologe  by  means  of  which  the  hours  are  read,  teacheth  the 
diligence  that  should  be  in  priests,  to  observe  at  the  proper  time,  the  canonical 
hours,  as  he  saith, '  seven  times  a  day  do  I  praise  Thee.'  " 


240  Notes  on  a   Sun-Dial  from  the  Monastery  of 

Here  we  have  a  large  sharply -cut  crescent  recumbent  on  the  convex 
side;  if  this  was  used  at  all  for  indicating  the  hours  (which  I  much 
doubt)  it  could  only  be  by  showing  the  junction  on  the  concave  side 
of  the  shadows  thrown  from  the  top  and  bottom. 

The  age  of  this  dial  must  remain  a  matter  of  conjecture,  but  we 
may  attempt  to  bring  it  within  definite  limits.  The  early  Saxon 
dials  are  of  a  very  different  character,  being  based  on  a  rude  division 
of  the  hours  of  sunlight.  The  GraBco-Latin  method,  originating 
with  the  Egyptians,  of  dividing  day  and  night  into  twenty-four 
hours,  was  not  introduced  into  England  until  after  the  eleventh 
century,  and  then  made  its  way  but  slowly.  The  excavated  dial  is 
a  specially  Greek  construction,  and  was  adopted  from  them  by  the 
Arabs.  Abul  Hassan,  in  the  thirteenth  century,  gave  an  impetus 
to  the  science  of  gnomonics  by  constructing  dials  on  various  kinds 
of  curvilinear  surfaces ;  and  it  is,  I  believe,  to  Saracenic  influences, 
which  permeated  Spain  and  Southern  France  during  the  middle 
ages,  and  still  linger  in  place  names,  that  we  must  attribute  the 
introduction  of  the  excavated  dial  into  England.1  We  should  not, 
I  think,  be  far  wrong  in  placing  this  dial  at  about  the  middle  of 
the  fourteenth  century.  Clocks  on  foreign  buildings  had  for  some 
time  been  introduced  from  abroad,  but  the  foreign  invention  was 
not  eagerly  adopted.  Monastic  conservatism  no  doubt  held  out 
long  against  the  innovation.  It  was  incredible  that  the  sun  should 
have  evidently  culminated  and  the  gnomons  be  indicating  noon 
while  the  abbey  clock  gave  the  time  as  a  quarter  to,  or  a  quarter 
past  twelve.  The  natural  inference  was  that  the  clock  was  wrong, 
and  the  clock-maker  an  impostor.3  Surely  the  real  sun,  irregular  as 
it  might  be  asserted  to  be,  was  a  better  guide  for  the  chapel,  the 
scriptorium,  and  the  refectory,  than  a  mean  sun  which  was 


1  As  an  argument  in  favour  of  this  view  I  may  mention  that  the  Dover  dial 
was  constructed  for  a  latitude  of  47°. 

2  Over  and  above  the  difficulty  of  the  equation  of  time,  there  was  some  real 
ground  in  the  monastic  objections  if  we  can  depend  on  the  statement  in  Haydn's 
Dictionary  of  Dates,  s.  v.  clocks,  "  that  the  clock  set  up  at  Hampton  Court  in 
1540  was  the  first  in  England  that  told  accurate  time." 


Plate  1 


N?2. 


ENCAUSTIC  TILES  FROM  HEYTESBURY  HOUSE. 


Notes  on  Encaustic  Tiles  at  Reyiesbury  Home.          241 

confessedly  the  figment  of  an  astronomer's  mind.  But  in  the 
contest  of  clocks  against  sun-dials  the  latter  were  always  hampered 
by  the  imperative  condition,  that  the  sun  should  shine ;  a  condition 
never  fulfilled  in  the  night-time,  and  in  England  too  rarely  in  the 
day-time.1  So  the  clocks  ultimately  won  the  victory,  and  the  sun* 
dials,  whose  silent  voices  had  so  long  preached  "  time's  thievish 
progress,"  fell  into  disuse  and  neglect,  except  when  maintained  or 
renovated  to  adorn  a  terrace  or  a  wall,  or  reconstructed  according 
to  the  fancy  of  some  enthusiast  in  sciography. 

Whether  or  not  the  excavations  in  the  dial  now  before  us  were 
meant  to  be  symbolical,  or  the  whole  arrangement  to  convey  aa 
allegory,  I  will  leave  others  to  determine. 


ott  feattsttc  Ci(e#  at  Jegteslmrg 

By  HAEOLD  BBAKSPEAB,  A.R.I.B.A. 

?,HE  accompanying  plates  illustrate  the  encaustic  tiles,  now 
preserved  at  Heytesbury  House,  which  were  exhibited 
in  the  dining-room  during  the  Society's  visit  to  that  place  in  1893. 
Lord  Heytesbury  can  give  nothing  further  of  their  history  than  that 
they  were  taken  up  from  the  floor  of  the  boot-hole  (of  the  house)  by 
order  of  his  grandfather.  A  further  number  were  also  found,  but, 
being  broken,  were  unfortunately  thrown  away. 

It    will   be  seen  that  the  armorial  devices  are  mostly  of  the 


1  The  average  daily  duration  of  sunshine  in  England  is  only  three  and  a  quarter 
hours.  Arago  tells  us  of  an  ingenious  device  in  the  twelfth  century  in  the 
Abbey  of  Cluny  to  reckon  the  canonical  times  for  nocturns  and  lauds.  The  time 
of  the  recital  of  certain  psalms  was  calculated  in  the  day  by  the  sun-dial,  and 
the  repetition  of  these  at  night  by  relays  of  wakeful  monks  furnished  a  measure 
of  time. 

"VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXXI.  S 


£42  Notes  on  Encaustic  Tiles  at  tleytesbury  House. 

Hungerford  family.  The  late  Canon  Jackson  1  states,  that  Walter, 
Lord  Hungerford,  the  High  Treasurer,  seems  to  have  been  the  first 
of  his  family  to  use  as  a  badge  the  garb  between  two  sickles  ;  on 
the  seal  of  one  of  his  earlier  deeds  is  a  talbot's  head  as  badge, 
similar  to  the  crest  on  the  monument  of  his  father,  Sir  Thomas,  in 
the  chapel  of  Farleigh  Castle. 

According  to  Sir  R.  C.  Hoare,2  the  Dean's  register  contains  a 
notice  of  the  foundation  of  a  small  chantry  in  the  Church  at 
Heytesbury,  by  Walter,  Lord  Hungerford,  who  presented  a  chaplain 
to  it  on  May  loth,  1421.  Later  references  are  made  to  two  chantries 
said,  to  be  on  the  south  side  of  the  Church,  one  belonging  to  the 
Hungerfords  at  the  altar  of  St.  Mary ;  the  other  founded  by  William 
Mounte  at  the  altar  of  St.  Katharine,  supposed  to  have  been  in  the 
south  transept. 

In  1438  an  inquisition  was  held  at  the  instance  o£  Walter,  Lord 
Hungerford,  respecting  the  chantry  of  St.  Mary,  when  it  was  found 
that  the  right  of  patronage  was  in  the  said  Lord  Hungerford. 
There  was  a  house,  seven  acres  of  arable,  three  acres  of  mead  and 
corn,  and  pasture  for  one  hundred  sheep;  the  whole  yearly  value 
being  40$.  The  Bishop,3  in  1442  gave  license  for  uniting  to  the 
said  chantry  the  chantries  of  St.  Edmund  in  Calne  Church,4  and 
Upton  Scudamore,  also  the  Free  Chapel  of  Gorton,  in  Hilmarton.6 

Across  the  north  arch  of  the  tower  is  a  fine  fifteenth  century 
stone  screen  bearing  devices  of  the  Hungerfords,  and  within  the 
north  transept  are  some  remains  of  an  altar-tomb  to  one  of  that 
family  of  late  Gothic  work,  about  the  time  of  Henry  VIII.  Other 
parts  of  the  same  monument  that  were  found  here,  were  removed 
when  the  Church  was  restored,  to  Farleigh  Castle,  and  are  pre- 
served in  the  chapel  there. 

There  is  every  reason  to  suppose  the  tiles  were  from  the  flooring 

1  Farleigh  Guide,  p.  21,  note. 

2  Modern  Wilts,  Heytesbury  Hundred. 

3  William  Ayscough,  Bishop  of  Salisbury  1438—50. 

4  Founded  by  Sir  Robert  Hungerford,  1336.     See  Jackson's  Aubrey t  page 
32,  note. 

5  Jackson's  Aubrey,  page  168,  note. 


Plate  II 


3. 


4. 


6. 


7.  8.  9 

ENCAUSTIC  TILES  FROM  HEYTESBURY  HOUSE. 


By  Harold  Brakspear,  AM.I.B.A.  243 

of  some  one  of  these  Hungerford  Chapels,  most  probably  from  the 
north  transept,  and  were  removed  from  thence  in  the  last  century, 
when  it  was  converted  into  a  mortuary  vault  for  the  A'Court  family 
by  building  up  the  arch  into  the  tower  and  aisle.  These  walls  were 
happily  removed  at  the  late  restoration,  when  the  previously-destroyed 
aisles  of  the  choir  were  re-built. 

The  large  tile  on  Plate  II.  No.  8,  bears  the  arms  of  Robert 
Wyvill,  who  was  Bishop  of  Salisbury  from  1329  to  1375,  and  which 
are  described  by  Papworth  (Dictionary  of  Arms,  page  668)  as  Gules 
a  cross  argent  fretty  azure  y  between  four  pierced  six-pointed  mullets  or. 
It  is  in  character  with  this  earlier  date  and  is  more  carelessly  executed 
than  the  rest. 

The  lower  pattern  on  Plate  I.  is  the  most  refined  and  best  executed 
of  all.  It  will  be  seen  that  the  four  centre  tiles  have  no  connection 
in  pattern  with  those  of  the  border,  so  that  any  four-tile  pattern 
may  have  been  introduced  for  variety. 

The  centre  tiles  have  the  well-known  arms  of  Heytesbury  im- 
paling Hungerford,  the  usual  coat  of  this  family:  in  the  pattern 
above  the  shield  is  a  piece  of  ornament  noticeable  as  being  Renaiss- 
ance in  character. 

The  upper  pattern  on  the  same  plate  is  of  rough  design  and 
execution,  most  apparent  in  the  intertwining  band  being  reversed 
on  one  tile ;  this,  like  the  last  design,  may  have  had  any  four-tile 
pattern  in  the  centre.  There  is  at  Lacock  AbJ>ey  a  fragment  of  an 
angle  tile  which  is  identical  with  this  pattern. 

On  Plate  II.,  No.  6  has  been,  when  perfect,  a  good  design ;  un- 
fortunately one  angle  tile  only  now  remains,  which  is  so  much  worn 
as  to  make  it  impossible  to  trace  the  design  of  the  continuation  of 
the  bird  in  the  corner,  neither  can  any  tile  be  found  to  fit  the  centre. 
The  leaf  ornamentation  on  the  circular  band  is  early  in  character  for 
this  time. 

No.  5  is  one  of  a  sixteen-tile  pattern  bearing  the  motto  &£0 
gtariag  round  the  circle  four  times  repeated.  No  angle  tile  remains, 
and  the  next  adjoining  in  pattern  is  too  worn  to  be  reproduced. 

The  crest  on  No.  3  has  not  yet  been  identified,  but  was  at  one 
time  most  probably  used  by  the  Hungerfords. 


244  Notes  on  Encaustic  Tiles  at  Heytesbury  House. 

No.  4  is  a  very  general  device  of  this  family ;  unlike  the  other 
tiles  here  the  field  is  of  white  clay.  It  should  also  be  noticed  that 
the  sickles  are  represented  with  saw-tooth  edges;  this  is  interesting, 
as  being  an  example  of  the  original  form  of  that  implement,  which 
only  gave  place  to  the  now  generally  used  reaping  hook  about  sixty 
years  ago. 

No.  7  is  a  supporter  of  the  Hungerfords,  and  represents  a  raven 
volant  collared  and  chained. 

No.  9.  The  garl  between  two  sickles,  the  most  general  crest  of 
the  Hungerfords,  was — as  previously  stated — introduced  by  Lord 
Walter,  the  High  Treasurer ;  so  it  fixes  the  date  of  the  tiles  as  not 
earlier  than  his  time. 

There  are  a  few  other  patterns  so  worn  as  to  be  almost  untraceable. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  numbers  of  each  pattern  now  re- 
maining : — 

No.  1. — Two  angle  tiles,  seven  side  and  one  centre. 

No.  2.— Sixteen  angles,  forty-eight  side  and  twenty-one  Hunger - 
ford  arms,  as  in  the  centre. 

No.  3.— Fifteen. 

No.  4. — Fourteen. 

No.  5.— Two. 

No.  6. — One  angle  and  six  sides. 

No.  7. — Eleven. 

No.  8. — Two  (one  broken) . 

No.  9. — Twenty-five. 

*#*  The  plates,  as  will  be  seen,  have  inadvertently  been  reproduced  from  the 
full-sized  drawings  to  two  different  scales,  but  all  the  tiles  are  about  the  same 
size,  namely  4|in.  square;  except  that  with  the  Wyvill  arms,  which  is  6in. 
square. 


245 


'oiw  on  CJjttwjjw  in  %  HJUigpomijoofr  of 

latmittster. 


By  C.  E.  PoNTiNGh,  F.S.A. 

BOYTON.     S.  MARY  THE  VIRGIN. 

(HIS  Church  has  been  so  fully  described  by  Mr.  Fane,1  and 
its  heraldry  by  Dr.  Baron,2  in  addition  to  Sir  R.  C.  HoareV 
account  in  his  "  Hundred  of  Heytesbury,"  that  it  seems  almost 
presumptuous  for  me  to  say  anything  further  about  it,  and  it  is  only 
on  the  special  request  of  the  Rector  and  others  that  I  venture  to  do 
so.  I  am  encouraged  by  the  distance  of  time  at  which  Mr.  Fane 
wrote,  and  the  works  which  have  since  been  done  in  the  Church,  to 
hope  that  new  light  may  be  thrown  on  some  of  its  features :  and  I 
am  much  assisted  in  this  by  information  which  has  been  supplied  to 
me  by  the  Rector. 

The  plan  of  this  Church  is  very  peculiar,  and  although  there  are . 
side  projections  it  can  hardly  be  called  cruciform,  as  the  length  and 
the  ridge  of  the  south  projection  are  parallel  to  the  nave.  It  con- 
sists of  chancel  without  side  adjuncts,  nave  with  transept  on  the 
north  and  chapel  on  the  south,  tower  on  the  north  westwards  of  the 
transept  and  forming  the  porch,  and  a  lean-to  vestry  against  the 
west  wall  of  the  latter. 

The  oldest  part  of  the  building  as  it  now  stands  is  the  chancel, 
which,  although  it  has  been  much  altered,,  is  mainly  the  work  of 
about  the  middle  of  the  thirteenth  century.  Of  the  original  work 
we  have  (1)  the  south  wall  with  its  three-bay  sedilia,  piscina,  two 
lancet  windows  and  priests'"  door,  almost  intact  (the  arch  of  the 
latter  has,  however,  been  renewed)  ;  (2)  the  east  wall  with  the  ex- 
ception of  the  window ;  and  (3)  the  three  lancet  windows  on  the 

1  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vol.  i.,  p.  233. 
2  Ibid,  vol  xx.,  p.  145-. 


246   Notes  on  ike  CJmrcJies  m  tJie  Neighbourhood  of  Warmi lister. 

north.  The  lancets  have  inner  arches — the  mouldings  on  which 
have  been  so  made  up  with  plaster  that  they  are  unreliable — the 
sedilia  are  of  three  bays  stepped  up  towards  the  east  although  the 
arches  over  the  whole  are  level — these  arches  are  of  trefoil  form 
supported  on  shafts  with  moulded  caps  and  bases,  and  with  moulded 
labels  over ;  further  eastward  is  a  coeval  piscina  of  the  same  type, 
the  bowl  has  been  cut  away.  The  chancel  originally  had  no  but- 
tresses, and  those  on  the  north  and  south,  and  the  diagonal  ones  at 
the  angles,  appear  to  have  been  added  in  the  fourteenth  century, 
when  so  much  other  work  was  done  about  the  Church.  The  north 
wall  was  re-built  (the  old  windows  having  apparently  been  re-fixed 
in  their  old  positions  with  the  easternmost  one  kept  higher)  and  the 
east  window  inserted  at  the  restoration  in  1860.  The  previous  east 
window  was  a  Perpendicular  insertion — this  has  been  removed  to 
the  west  end  of  the  nave ;  the  sills  of  the  original  triple  lancets  can 
be  traced  below  that  of  the  modern  window.  The  arms  still  pre- 
served in  the  old  glass  in  one  of  the  lancets  are  those  of  Thomas 
Plantagenet,  Earl  of  Lancaster,  son  of  Henry  III.,  who  married  a 
Longespee,  and,  in  his  wife's  right,  became  Earl  of  Salisbury. 

Of  the  rest  of  the  Church  built  during  the  Early  English  period 
we  have  no  part  left  standing  as  first  erected  (with  the  exception  of 
part  of  the  porch),  but  there  is  no  lack  of  evidence  from  the  beautiful 
features  of  that  period  which  are  preserved  that  there  was  built  at 
that  time  at  least  a  porch — and  probably  also  a  nave,  unless  the 
Norman  one  remained.1  One  of  the  two  lancet  windows  in  the 
north  transept  and  the  magnificent  outer  doorway  of  the  tower  are 
coeval  with  the  chancel  work,  but  have  obviously  been  re-built,  and 
it  is  doubtful  whether  they  are  in  their  original  positions.  If  we 
examine  the  doorway  carefully  we  shall  see  that  the  dog-tooth 
ornament  of  the  outside  member  could  not  have  been  cut  in  situ  (as 
was  the  invariable  mode  of  working  it),  but  many  of  the  stones 
have  been  shortened  since  they  were  worked  by  cutting  off  parts  of 
the  ornaments — this  is  particularly  the  case  on  the  east  side  and  at 

1  Mr.  Fane  states  that  the  Norman  pilaster  buttresses  existed  here  in  1853  and 
belonged  to  the  original  Church  restored  in  Early  English  times. 


By  C.  K  Pouting,  F.S.A.  247 

the  apex.  The  outer  order  of  the  arch,  too,  springs  at  a  higher 
level  than  the  moulded  parts,  and  the  "  centre  "  from  which  the  latter 
are  described  is  below  the  springing.  This  arch  has  certainly  been 
taken  down  from  its  original  position  and  re-built  here ;  then,  if  we 
look  at  the  east  and  west  walls  of  the  lower  stage  of  the  tower  we 
shall  see  indications  of  there  having  been  a  low  lean-to  roofed  porch, 
and  I  think  there  is  little  doubt  that  all  this  part  of  the  Church — 
the  north  transept  and  the  lower  stage  of  the  tower — were  built  at 
just  before  the  middle  of  the  fourteenth  century;  that  the  vestry  was 
then  erected  and  the  chancel  arch  inserted,  also  the  arch  into  the 
transept  with  its  cusped  piscina  in  the  east  jamb,  showing  this  to  have 
been  founded  for  a  chantry ;  and  that  the  fine  doorway  was  removed 
from  the  south  wall  of  the  nave  to  its  present  position.  The  lancet 
in  the  east  wall  of  the  transept — which  is  the  original  Early  English 
one — is  the  outer  part  of  the  window  with  a  plain  splay,  like  those 
of  the  chancel ;  but  it  will  be  seen  that  the  other  has  a  cavetto 
mould  and  I  consider  this  to  be  a  fourteenth  century  window,  made 
to  match  in  outline  the  old  one  re-built  here  at  that  time  but  with 
later  detail,  and  that  the  inner  moulded  arches  of  both  were  then 
added.  The  fine  Flowing  Decorated  window  in  the  north  gable  is 
also  of  this  date,  but  the  gable  over,  and  the  parapet,  have  been 
since  re-built.  The  deep  plinth-mould  carried  continuously  round 
transept,  tower,  and  vestry,  is  very  remarkable,  and  the  absence  of 
any  break  in  the  line,  or  any  buttress,  points  to  the  probability  that 
it  was  not  contemplated  to  build  a  tower  when  this  part  was  erected, 
as  the  tower  does  not  seem  to  start  from  the  ground,  but  from  the 
top  of  the  fourteenth  century  work,  although  the  same  excellent 
flint- work  is  employed  in  both ;  and,  in  spite  of  the  weight  thus 
added — thanks  to  the  chalk  subsoil — the  whole  has  stood  without  a 
crack. 

The  ogee  cusped  single-light  window  of  the  vestry,  with  sunk 
patterns  and  with  inside  curtain  arch,  is  a  typical  fourteenth  century 
feature.  Inside  the  vestry  will  be  seen  the  corbels  of  its  original 
roof,  which  must  have  been  at  a  lower  level  than  the  present  one, 
as  the  low  position  of  the  side  window  also  indicates.  The  aumbry 
and  fireplace  are  ancient  features. 


248    Notes  on  the  Churches  In  tlie  Neighbourhood  of  Warmi niter. 

To  revert  for  a  moment  to  the  details  of  the  fine  thirteenth 
century  doorway  forming  the  main  entrance  to  the  Church.  The 
arch  is  of  two  orders,  both  with  deep  roll  mouldings,  and  the  inner 
order  and  the  outside  of  the  outer  order  are  enriched  with  dog-tooth 
members  finely  cut;  this  arch  springs  from  clustered  shafts  (which 
have  been  recently  renewed)  with  moulded  caps  and  bases. 

The  tower  has  a  weathered  set-off  at  the  top  of  the  lower  stage, 
and  above  this  rises  the  belfry  stage  erected  at  the  end  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  entirely  without  buttresses  but  with  two-light 
windows  in  three  faces,  embattled  parapet  with  round  outlets  in  the 
cornice  and  without  the  usual  gargoyles.  Before  leaving  this  part 
of  the  Church  I  would  call  attention  to  the  very  uncommon  position 
of  the  vestry  or  sacristy,  so  far  removed  from  any  altar.  The  inner 
doorway  of  the  porch  is  coeval  with  the  fourteenth  century  re- 
modelling of  the  north  side ;  it  is  of  two  orders  of  large  splays  with 
bold  stops  :  a  later  stoup  has  been  cut  in  the  splay  on  the  east  jamb. 

The  west  wall  of  the  nave  was  re-built  in  1860,  and  the  old 
three-light  window  from  the  east  wall  of  the  chancel  was  then 
inserted  here  and  the  later  square- head  doorway  reinstated  in  its 
former  position — in  the  spandrils  of  this  doorway  are  carved  a  lion 
passant  (?  the  arms  of  the  Giffard  family).  In  the  south  wall  of 
the  nave  formerly  existed  an  old  doorway,  but  this  was  transformed 
into  a  window  at  the  restoration,  at  the  cost  of  the  present  Vicar  of 
Warminster ;  one  of  the  door  jambs  having  an  old  sun-dial  cut  on 
it  is  built  into  the  window,  but  placed  upside-down.  Remains  of  a 
thirteenth  century  coffin- slab  are  built  into  the  wall  here. 

Mr.  Fane,  writing  in  1853,  refers  to  the  remains  of  a  rood-loft 
staircase  and  passage,  with  staples  yet  remaining  in  the  wall,  but 
these  are  no  longer  to  be  seen. 

On  the  south  of  the  nave  is  one  of  the  most  complete  specimens 
in  existence  of  a  chapel  of  the  transitional  period  from  the  "  Early 
English  "  to  the  "  Decorated  "  styles — this  chapel  is  supposed  to 
have  been  founded  either  by  Walter  Giffard,  Archbishop  of  York, 
who  died  lord  of  the  manor  of  Boyton,  1279 ;  or  by  his  brother, 
Godfrey,  Bishop  of  Worcester,  who  died  lord  of  the  manor  in  1301 ; 
or  by  them  jointly,  for  the  resting-place  of  their  brother,  Sir 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  249 

Alexander  Giffard,  the  Crusader,  who  followed  Longespee  to  the 
Holy  Land  as  equerry,  and  died  in  1250.  This  supposition  would 
accord  fully  with  the  type  of  work,  which  I  should  assign  to  the 
third  quarter  of  the  13th  century.  Mr.  Fane  l  and  Dr.  Baron 2  give 
exhaustive  accounts  of  this  family  of  Giffard,  who  held  the  manor  of 
Boyton  for  many  generations  from  shortly  after  the  Conquest,  and 
I  need  not  further  refer  to  it  here.  The  effigy  of  a  cross-legged 
knight  under  the  easternmost  arch,  which  was  evidently  constructed 
to  receive  it,  is  no  doubt  that  of  Sir  Alexander  Giffard,  whose  arms 
are  borne  on  his  triangular  shield ;  he  wears  a  long  straight  sword, 
and  his  feet  rest  on  an  otter.  This  figure  has  been  much  scraped 
and  defaced,  the  coat  of  mail  and  helmet  were  doubtless  of  chain 
armour,  like  those  on  the  effigy  of  his  chief,  the  Earl  of  Salisbury, 
in  our  Cathedral.  It  is  noteworthy  that  the  legs  of  this  effigy  are 
crossed,  while  those  of  the  one  at  Salisbury  are  not. 

The  architecture  of  this  chapel  is  most  interesting  and  instructive, 
The  arcade  of  two  bays  opening  into  the  nave  consists  of  segmental 
pointed  arches  of  two  orders,  the  outer  with  chamfer  carried  to  the 
floor  and  the  inner  deeply  moulded,  springing  from  clustered  shafts 
with  very  striking  moulded  caps  and  bases,  the  former  having  a 
most  unusually  exaggerated  "  bell "  member.  The  windows,  al- 
though of  one  date,  are  of  various  types  and  design,  and  form  a 
striking  instance  of  lancets  contemporary  with  tracery.  In  the 
south  wall  are  three  uncusped  lancets  with  cavetto  mould  and  tre- 
foiled  inner  arches  (which  have  been  ruthlessly  cut  into  for  the 
insertion  of  corbels  to  receive  the  modern  roof)  and  with  outside 
labels,  which  have  been  given  modern  terminals.  The  east  window 
is  a  three-light  one  with  Early  Geometrical  tracery  without  cusping, 
very  richly  and  deeply  moulded,  and  with  label  moulds  inside  and 
outside  of  the  same  section.  In  the  west  wall  is  a  large  wheel 
window,  12ft.  in  diameter  to  the  outside  of  the  label,  the  circle 
being  divided  by  tracery  into  three  segmental  triangles,  within  each 
of  which  is  described  a  circle  with  quatrefoil  cusping  ;  in  each  of  the 

1  Wilts  ArcJi.  Mag.,  vol.  i.,  p.  233. 
3  Ibid,  vol.  xx.,  p.  145. 


250    Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  ffarminster. 

three  spandrils  is  a  smaller  circle  containing-  a  triangle — the  whole 
contained  within  the  label  mould.  (Although  this  is  an  early 
developement  of  tracery  in  a  small  parish  Church,  the  well-known 
wheel  window  in  Lincoln  Cathedral  (1200)  is  an  earlier  example 
still.)  In  the  south  wall  is  a  group  of  three  recessed  sedilia  and 
piscina — the  former  with  seats  stepped  up  towards  the  east;  these 
recesses  have  trefoil  arches  springing  at  the  same  level,  and  curious 
label-canopies  over;  the  arch  moulds  are  carried  down  the  mullions 
and  the  sedilia  jamb  and  stop  on  moulded  bases ;  on  the  east  side  of 
the  piscina  they  are  stopped  by  a  carved  head.  The  bowl  of  the 
piscina  has  been  cut  away. 

On  the  outside  the  work  of  this  chapel  is  very  rich,  well-designed, 
and  good,  the  buttresses  are  gabled  with  moulded  weatherings  and 
a  double  splayed  base  with  a  roll  member  above  it ;  the  upper  splay 
is  carried  round  the  walls  and  drops  at  the  buttresses  to  admit  of 
the  roll  member. 

In  the  centre  of  the  chapel  stands  an  altar-tomb  of  rich  design  in 
Tisbury  stone ;  this  has  seven  panels  on  each  side,  two  at  the  west 
end,  and  a  larger  one  at  the  east  end,  each  of  which  has  a  pedestal 
with  dowel-hole  for  a  figure,  and  there  are  traces  of  figures  having 
been  fixed  here,  but  all  are  now  missing.  These  figures  may  have 
been  of  marble  or  alabaster,  so  as  to  be  richer  than  the  body  of  the 
tomb,  and  they,  as  well  as  the  ground  of  the  panels,  were  coloured. 
Mr.  Fane  records  that  this  tomb  is  hollowed  out  to  receive  a  coffin 
4ft.  11  in.  long — probably  that  of  a  female  or  child.  The  tomb  is 
said  to  have  contained  the  body  of  the  last  of  the  Giffard  family — 
Lady  Margaret — who  died  in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  and  at 
whose  death  the  whole  of  the  estates  passed  to  the  Crown,  but  it  is 
somewhat  earlier  in  style. 

In  the  floor  of  the  chapel  is  a  Purbeck  slab  10ft.  by  4ft.,  with 
the  matrix  of  a  magnificent  brass  with  a  single  figure,  the  head 
resting  on  a  cushion  and  surmounted  by  a  canopy ;  at  the  sides  were 
shields  and  the  whole  was  surrounded  by  a  border.  Both  Sir  R.  C. 
Hoare  and  Mr.  Fane  speak  of  this  as  being  in  the  north  transept; 
the  latter  relates  that  on  removing  this  stone  in  1853  a  stone  coffin 
was  found  containing  a  nearly  perfect  skeleton  with  the  skull  placed 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  251 

on  one  side,  and  he  conjectures  this  to  be  the  last  male  Giffard  (John 
Giffard  the  Rich)  who  joined  Thomas,  Earl  of  Lancaster's  rebellion 
in  the  reign  of  Edward  III.,  and  was  beheaded  at  Gloucester.  Mr. 
Fane's  surmise  that  the  north  transept  chapel  was  erected  for  the 
interment  of  this  body  is  hard!)'  borne  out  by  the  date  at  which  I 
have  put  the  architecture.  Moreover  the  matrix  shews  the  effigy 
to  have  been  that  of  a  lady.  On  the  floor  are  interesting  inscribed 
stones  to  Edmund  Lambert,  1739,  Sarah,  his  wife,  1736,  and  Edmund 
Lambert,  1751.  On  the  wall  is  a  tablet  commemorating  Annie 
Lambert,  wife  of  Edmund  Lambert,  of  Boyton,  who  bore  him  five 
sons  and  nine  daughters  and  died  1609.  (Edmund  Lambert  probably 
re-built  Boy  ton  House,  1618.)  Amongst  the  other  monuments 
here  is  one  of  special  interest — the  hatchment  of  Prince  Leopold, 
afterwards  Duke  of  Albany,  who  for  several  years  resided  at  Boyton 
House. 

The  roofs  throughout  the  Church  are  new. 

It  would  ill  become  me  to  judge  of  the  new  work  in  this  Church, 
but  it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  so  much  injury  was  done  in  the 
restoration — even  the  thirteenth  century  effigy  has  been  scraped. 
The  Church  is  one  of  exceeding  interest,  and  it  is  gratifying  to  see 
it  so  well  appointed  and  cared  for.  It  is  remarkable  for  having  so 
much  work  of  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth  centuries  rather  than 
the  more  usual  Perpendicular  work. 

In  the  churchyard,  in  good  condition,  is  the  bowl  of  a  thirteenth 
century  font  with  the  iron  fastenings  for  the  cover :  it  is  much  to 
be  desired  that  this  should  be  brought  back  into  the  Church. 


STOCKTON.     S.  JOHN  BAPTIST. 

This  Church  consists  of  chancel,  clerestoried  nave  with  north  and 
south  aisles,  western  tower,  and  north  porch.  " 

The  nave  arcade  on  each  side  consists  of  two  bays  of  pointed 
arches  of  two  orders  of  chamfers  springing  from  central  cylindrical 
columns  and  the  half  columns  of  the  responds,  with  square  caps  and 
bases,  all  of  late  Norman  work.  Eastward  of  this  on  each  side  is  a 
lower  and  narrower  arch  of  one  order — that  on  the  north  being 


252    Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

chamfered  and  the  south  one  moulded.  It  would  appear  that  the 
nave  was  lengthened  by  this  short  bay  in  the  fourteenth  century, 
when  the  south  aisle  was  erected  and  probably  founded  as  a  chantry 
— the  arch  between  the  aisle  and  the  nave  does  not  start  from  the 
floor  but  there  is  a  solid  wall  for  some  3ft.  in  height,  apparently 
intended  to  receive  a  recumbent  effigy  :  the  corresponding  arch  on 
the  north  side  might  have  been  cut  through  to  match  this,  or  to 
serve  as  a  squint,  at  a  later  date.  This  lengthening  of  the  nave 
was  done  at  the  expense  of  the  chancel,  and  it  is  obvious  that  the 
entire  Church  was  not  then  lengthened,  as  there  is  earlier  work  both 
on  the  east  and  west  of  this  bay.  I  have  gone  out  of  the  order  of 
date  in  order  to  complete  my  description  of  the  nave  arcades.  Next 
in  order  after  the  Norman  bays  of  the  arcades  comes  the  western 
tower,  which  possesses  several  remarkable  features.  It  consists  of 
three  stages  in  height  of  Early  English  work,  surmounted  by 
a  fourteenth  century  cornice  and  embattled  parapet  with  good 
gargoyles.  In  the  centre  of  each  side  is  a  buttress  carried  up  the 
lower  stage  only — the  one  on  the  north  is  of  the  early  flat  pilaster- 
like  form — there  are  also  traces  of  a  similar  early  buttress  at  the 
north-west  angle.  The  lower  stage  has  an  archway  opening  into 
the  nave  of  two  orders  of  chamfers  supported  by  massive  shafts 
with  a  roll-cap  and  base ;  this  stage  would  seem  to  have  been  erected 
many  years  before  the  next  was  proceeded  with.  Over  the  archway 
is  a  lancet  window  also  opening  into  the  nave — the  reason  for  a 
window  in  such  a  position  is  not  very  obvious.  We  met  with  a 
similar  instance  of  about  the  same  date  last  year  at  Oaksey.  The 
west  window  of  this  stage  is  modern.  The  middle  stage  of  the 
tower  has  a  double  lancet  window  in  the  west  face,  and  the  upper, 
or  belfry,  stage  has  a  similar  window  on  the  west,  a  single  lancet  on 
the  south  and  a  square-headed  one  on  the  north.  The  western  part 
of  the  north  aisle  is  Early  English  work,  including  the  small  lancet 
window  in  the  end  ;  the  remainder  of  this  aisle  and  the  porch  were 
re-built  in  1842.  The  Rev.  T.  Miles  records  in  the  Magazine1  that 
the  east  part  of  this  aisle  was  once  vaulted  in  stone,  which  fell  in  1840. 

1  Vol.  xii.;  p.  117. 


~By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.ti.A.  253 

The  south  wall  of  the  chancel  is  also  thirteenth  century  work 
and  contains  two  lancet  windows  of  that  period  placed  at  different 
levels,  the  westernmost  being  kept  low,  apparently,  for  the  use  of  a 
hand-bell,  and  there  are  marks  as  if  for  a  shutter.  (The  north  and 
east  walls  were  re-built  in  1840,  when  the  east  window  was  con- 
structed, as  the  date  below  it  indicates,  the  springers  to  the  gable 
copings  with  curious  double-head  corbels  being  re-used.) 

The  proportions  of  the  chancel  are  very  uncommon,  it  is  only 
16ft.  IGin.  long  by  18ft.  6in.  wide :  this  shortness  is  doubtless  due 
to  the  encroachment  upon  it  in  the  fourteenth  century  by  the  founder 
of  the  south  chantry,  who  appears  to  have  lengthened  the  nave  at 
the  same  time.  The  south  aisle  (although  much  of  it  has  probably 
been  re-built)  is  an  interesting  feature,  and  the  features  are  entirely 
of  one  date— about  the  middle  of  the  century,  the  same  plinth  and 
parapet  are  carried  round,  there  are  two  two-light  square-headed 
windows  besides  a  doorway  in  the  south  wall  and  one  at  each  end, 
diagonal  buttresses  at  the  angles  and  two  square  ones  on  the  south 
side.  Under  the  westernmost  window  in  the  south  wall  is  a  recessed 
tomb  containing  the  mutilated  figure  of  a  female  lying  on  her  left 
side.  The  Rev.  T.  Miles  l  states  (in  1869)  that  it  was  formerly 
situated  near  the  centre  of  this  wall  but  removed  to  make  room  for 
the  tablet  dated  1708,  and  Dr.  Baron,8  writing  in  1881,  says  "The 
peculiarity  [of  this  effigy]  is  that  the  lady  is  represented  recumbent 
on  the  left  side,  and  in  the  attitude  of  prayer,  apparently  respecting 
the  altar  in  the  same  south  aisle.  Tradition  says  it  formerly  oc- 
cupied a  position  about  the  middle  of  the  south  wall  .  .  .  under 
a  recess  which  was  destroyed  to  make  way  for  a  glaring  monument, 
and  that  being  found  out  of  place  in  the  restoration  of  1840  a  new 
recess  was  made  for  it  where  it  now  lies  :  " — these  two  statements 
agree  that  the  monument  was  once  further  east.  It  is  coeval  with 
the  aisle  and  probably  that  of  the  foundress,  and  the  piscina  (which 
has  been  restored)  shows  that  this  aisle  was  erected  as  a  chantry. 

In  the  fifteenth  century  a  clerestory  with  three  two-light  windows 


1  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vol.  xii.,  p.  111. 
3  Ibid,  vol  xx.,  p.  121. 


254    Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  \Var  minster. 

on  each  side  appears  to  have  been  added  to  the  nave,  when  probably 
the  ancient  pitch  of  the  roof  was  flattened  to  admit  of  it.     The  old 
fifteenth  century  roof  remains,  but  it  has  probably  undergone  some 
alteration,  for  on  one  of  the  beams  is  cut  the  following-  inscription  : 
"  Framed  by  Mr.  Fleming  in  June,  in  the  year  of  Our  Lord  175  7." 
We  now  come  to  the   feature  which  above  everything  else  dis- 
tinguishes this  Church.     I  refer  to  the  wall  dividing  the  nave  from 
the  chancel.     So  far  as  there  is  any  evidence  to  show — viz.,  that  of 
the  openings  in  it — this  wall  was  erected  in  the  fifteenth  century. 
Instead  of  the  usual  chancel  arch  this  wall  has  a  flat  four-centred 
doorway    only    4ft.    wide    and    8ft.    2in.     high     to    the    apex, 
chamfered  on  the  east   edge  and  evidently  provided  for   a   door, 
and  on  each  side  of  it  a  smaller  opening  about  2ft.  5in.  wide  and 
2ft.  llin.  high,  the  sills  being  2ft.  7in.  from  the  floor,  with  pointed 
arches  chamfered  on  the  side  towards  the  nave.     These  squints  (or 
hagioscopes)     converge   towards   the    altar,   of    which   they   were 
doubtless  intended  to  admit  a  view  from  the  nave.    In  the  article  in 
the   Wills   Mag.,  before  quoted,  Mr.  Miles  refers  to  two  corbels  as 
existing  on  the  west  face,  and  Dr.  Baron  to  one  on  the  north  side  of 
the  doorway  only,  but  he  also  states  that  the  one  on  the  north  side 
of  the  north   squint  is  remembered,  but  was  inadvertently  removed 
during  a  recent  restoration  :  there  is  no  doubt  there  were  four  corbels 
here,  their  object  being  to  support  a  rood-loft.     Dr.  Baron  considers 
that  this  example  "  illustrates,  when  compared  with  other  examples 
in  England,  and  with  Greek  and  Latin  Churches,  the  whole  history 
of  chancels,  choirs  and  chancel  screens,  and  shows  the  influence  of 
Greek  ritual   and  tradition  in  the  far  west  at  a  very  early  date." 
He  apparently  gives  an  undue  antiquity  to  these  features,  but  this 
does   not  lessen  the  force  of  his  arguments  as  to  their  use,  and  the 
analogy  he  draws  from  the  Greek  Church  of  S.  Theodore,  at  Athens, 
and  the  early  Latin  Church  of  San  Clemente,  at  Rome,  is  very  in- 
structive as  showing  "  how  the  Greek  idea  of  a  Church  was  developed 
and  adapted  to  Italian  circumstances  and  requirements  " — the  high 
screen  with  three  openings  which  shut  off  the  "  bema,"  or  sanctuary 
of  the  earlier  Church,  becoming  removed  farther  westward  so  as  to 
fence  off  a  space  from  the  nave  (the  c/wros)  for  clergy  and  singers 


By  C.  E.   Pouting,  F.S.A.  255 

by  a  low  screen,  and  provision  for  the  seclusion  and  dignity  of  the 
sacred  mystery  being  made  by  the  baldachino  and  curtains  over  the 
altar :  the  latter  arrangement  being  in  course  of  time  improved 
upon  by  making  room  for  the  choir  within  the  structural  chancel 
and  separating  it  from  the  nave  by  a  screen  more  or  less  open.  A 
good  view  of  the  interior  of  Stockton  Church  accompanies  Dr. 
Baron's  paper;  instead  of  the  wooden  doors  shown  in  Dr.  Baron's 
view  there  are  now  good  modern  iron  gates. 

I  conclude  that  this  wall,  erected  in  the  fifteenth  century  when 
screens  were  becoming  more  general,  was  probably  intended  to  take 
the  place  of  the  more  usual  kind  of  stone  or  wood  screen,  and  a  loft 
(whether  for  reading  the  gospel  from,  or,  as  would  seem  more 
probable  in  small  Churches,  merely  to  give  access  to  the  rood) 
erected  against  the  blank  wall  over,  supported  by  corbels  and  ap- 
proached by  wooden  steps. 

The  window  of  three  lights  with  semi-circular  heads  in  the  east 
end  of  the  north  aisle  is  an  Elizabethan  one  and  was  doubtless 
inserted  when  this  part  was  re-modelled  to  receive  the  still  existing 
monument  of  that  period  to  the  founder  of  Stockton  House,  his 
wife  and  six  children.  The  roof  of  the  south  aisle  is  a  Jacobean 
one;  that  over  the  nave  bears  the  date  1757.  The  roof  of  the  north 
aisle  is  of  cedar,1  presented  in  1880  by  Bishop  Moberly. 

J  The  history  of  this  cedar,  as  it  was  told  to  the  Members  of  the  Society  when 
they  visited  the  Church,  July  28th,  1893,  by  Bishop  Huyshe  Yeatrnan,  of 
Southwark,  is  worth  recording.  Samuel  Wilberforce,  before  he  became  Bishop, 
was  Rector  of  Brightstone,  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  During  a  severe  storm  a  ship 
came  on  shore  there,  and  the  rector,  after  assisting  in  rescuing  the  sailors,  had 
them  taken  up  to  the  rectory  and  cared  for.  The  crew,  desiring  to  make  him 
some  acknowledgment  of  their  gratitude,  could  find  nothing  to  give  him  but  a 
log  or  logs  of  cedar  wood  which  had  formed  part  of  the  cargo  of  their  vessel. 
This  he  put  away  and  determined  to  devote  to  some  sacred  purpose.  Time  passed 
on,  however,  and  he  left  Brightstone  to  become  Bishop  of  Oxford  without  using 
the  cedar — which  remained  as  a  legacy  to  his  successor,  George  Moberly.  He, 
too,  in  turn,  left  Brightstone  to  become  Bishop  of  Salisbury,  and  took  the  cedar 
with  him.  The  Rev.  Huyshe  Yeatman — brother  of  Col.  Yeatman  Biggs,  the 
owner  of  Stockton,  who  restored  the  north  aisle  of  the  Church  in  memory  of  the 
Topp  family,  the  original  owners  of  the  property— happened  to  be  the  Bishop's 
chaplain,  and  to  him  the  Bishop  offered  the  cedar  if  he  would  use  it  in  Stockton 
Church.  The  offer  was  accepted  and  the  wood  was  used  in  the  panelling-  of  the 
roof  of  the  north  aisle. 


256     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warmimler. 

The  font  is  coeval  with  the  earlier  parts  of  the  nave  arcade. 

The  pulpit  is  a  Jacobean  one. 

There  are  several  sun-dials  cut  on  the  wall  of  the  south  aisle  (two 
on  one  stone  of  a  buttress,  being  inverted,  show  that  this  part  has 
been  re-built),  and  one  on  the  sill  of  one  of  the  lancet  windows  of 
the  chancel.  There  are  old  inscribed  stones  built  into  the  aisle  wall 
bearing  dates  1622, 1663,  and  1669.  The  inside  has  many  interesting 
monuments,  but  none  apparently  older  than  1625. 

Mr.  Miles  records  that  there  were  formerly  traces  of  painting  in 
oil  on  the  chancel  walls. 

I  would,  in  conclusion,  express  my  opinion  that  all  lovers  of 
antiquity  owe  a  debt  of  gratitude  to  the  restorers  of  this  Church 
for  preserving  to  us  the  unique  features  between  the  nave  and 
chancel.  It  may  probably  be  considered  by  some  to  be  inconvenient, 
but  I  hope  it  may  never  on  that  account  be  altered.  I  would  ask 
those  worshippers  who  object  to  it,  so  long  as  they  can  hear  the 
service  at  the  altar,  to  be  satisfied  to  see  with  the  eye  of  faith.  The 
Saxon  canon  quoted  by  Dr.  Baron,  which  says,  in  reference  to  the 
consecration  of  the  elements,  "  Look  who  will/'  seems  to  show  that 
seeing  was  not  regarded  as  a  religious  obligation  upon  all,  but  only 
imperative  in  the  case  of  some  who  find  it  a  help  to  their  devotion, 
and  the  three  openings  afford  the  necessary  means  for  their  doing  so . 

UPTON  LOVEL.     S.  PETER. 

This  simple  little  Church  possesses  features  of  interest  in  two 
periods  widely  distant.  In  plan  it  consists  of  chancel,  nave  with 
porch  on  the  north  and  a  vestry  on  the  south,  and  a  western  tower. 
The  chancel  was  erected  at  about  the  end  of  the  twelfth  or  the  be- 
ginning of  the  thirteenth  century,  and  the  corbel  table  under  the 
eaves,  the  pilaster  buttresses,  the  lancet  window  in  the  north  wall, 
the  caps  and  bases  of  the  inner  shafts  of  the  east  window,  the  chancel 
arch,  and  the  piscina  are  typical  specimens  of  the  work  of  that  period. 
The  east  window  had  been  destroyed  and  the  bases  of  the  shafts 
were  only  opened  out  during  the  recent  works  of  restoration  :  these, 
with  pieces  of  the  caps  preserved  at  the  rectory,  afforded  the  necessary 


By  C.  K  Ponting,  F.S.A.  257 

elue  for  the  reinstatement  of  the  inner  parts  of  the  window — the 
exterior  parts  are  purely  conjectural :  the  aumbry  and  piscina  were 
also  discovered  in  the  execution  of  these  works.  The  aumbry  is  a 
later  insertion  in  the  early  wall,  and  a  piece  of  the  earlier  work 
forms  the  head.  In  the  fifteenth  century  a  two-light  window  was 
inserted,  doubtless  in  place  of  a  lancet,  as  giving  more  light,  in  the 
south  wall  of  the  choir.  The  upper  part  of  the  east  wall  of  the 
chancel  and  large  portions  of  the  north  and  south  walls  near  the 
east  end  were  re-built  when  the  late  eighteenth  century  window  and 
roof,  now  removed,  were  constructed. 

There  is  no  indication  of  what  the  remainder  of  the  Church  was 
at  that  time,  but  in  1633  the  nave  with  north  porch  and  vestry  were 
re-built,  and  this  date  occurs  on  both  porch  and  vestry  (in  the  former 
case  accompanied  by  the  appropriate  text  "  This  is  the  House  of 
Prayer  ")  and  on  a  tie-beam  of  the  nave.  It  is  significant  of  the 
reaction  which  marked  the  reign  of  Charles  I.,  that,  instead  of 
following  the  prevailing  forms  of  debased  Renaissance,  the  re- 
builders  of  this  Church  adopted  a  pre- Reformation  type  for  some  of 
the  features — their  success  is  much  less  conspicuous  in  the  masonry 
than  in  the  beautiful  oak  roof  :  here  they  have  so  closely  adhered  to 
the  fifteenth  century  type  that  it  is  only  by  closely  examining  the 
details  of  the  carvings  and  mouldings  that  the  late  date  of  its 
construction  can  be  detected. 

The  tower  is  of  two  stages  in  lieight  with  west  door,  angle 
buttresses  and  pinnacles,  and  pointed  archway  opening  into  the  nave. 
The  windows  and  doors  have  semicircular  heads,  but  the  buttresses, 
pinnacles,  and  arch  of  the  tower  follow  the  Gothic  lines. 

In  the  restoration  of  this  Church  which  I  was  privileged  to  carry 
out  for  the  present  Rector  a  few  years  ago  I  regarded  the  building 
as  a  very  valuable  example  of  ecclesiastical  work  carried  out  when 
little  of  the  kind  was  done  and  when  more  attention  was  paid  to 
domestic  architecture ;  and  I  felt  strongly  that  the  preservation  of 
this  special  characteristic  should  be  the  first  consideration,  and  that 
on  no  account  should  any  attempt  be  made  to  alter  or  "  improve 
upon  "  this  work  in  any  way  so  as  to  reduce  it  to  the  level  of  modern 
Gothic,  which  may  or  may  not  be  more  beautiful,  but  which  would 

VOL.   XXVII. — NO.   LXXXI.  T 


258     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  Ike  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

certainly  be  less  interesting-,  and  so  blot  out  a  valuable  chapter  in 
the  history  of  the  parish.  Our  efforts  were  mainly  directed  towards 
remedying  the  damp  and  dismal  condition  into  which  the  whole 
Church  had  fallen ;  removing  the  mean  and  incongruous  deal  pews 
and  gallery,  the  flat  ceiling  which  concealed  the  nave  roof,  and  the 
entire  roof  and  east  window  of  the  chancel,  and  replacing  them  with 
something  more  in  keeping  with  the  old  work — and  it  will  be  seen 
that  a  seventeenth  century  type  has  been  followed  for  the  fittings, 
as  being  the  best  period  of  English  wood-work,  as  well  as  being  in 
harmony  with  the  1633  portions  of  the  structure.  The  old  thirteenth 
century  font  bowl  has  been  rescued  from  its  position  as  a  flower- vase 
in  the  rectory  garden  and  restored  to  use. 

<  In  the  floor  of  the  sanctuary  is  a  small  brass  which  has  lost  its 
slab.  It  represents  a  priest  (probably  a  rector  of  the  parish)  wearing 
eucharistic  vestments.  Mr.  Kite1  puts  the  date  at  circa  1430. 

On  the  south  side  is  a  recumbent  effigy,  supposed  to  be  that  of 
Lord  Lovel,  the  last  of  the  family  who  held  the  manor. 


SHEERINGTON.     Sr  MICHAEL. 

This  is  a  very  remarkable  Church,  and  its  architectural  history 
looks,  at  first  sight,  somewhat  involved  ;  but  on  further  investigation 
it  will  be  seen  that  the  whole  Church  was  re-built  in  1624,  when 
the  following  old  features  were  reinstated  : — the  three-light  reticu- 
lated west  window ;  the  three-light  east  window  with  carved  label 
terminals,  one  representing  a  bishop ;  the  priests'  door  and  two  two- 
light  square-headed  windows  in  the  north  wall  of  the  chancel ;  two 
similar  windows  on  the  south  of  the  chancel ;  the  arch  of  the  outer 
porch  doorway,  springing  from  1624  jambs;  the  outer  arch  of  the 
inner  doorway — the  inner  arch  being  of  1624  date;  the  chancel 
arch,  having  1624  impost;  the  font,  an  octagonal  bowl  (having  an 
eighteenth  century  oak  cover) .  All  the  foregoing  are  Late  Decorated 
work,  excepting  perhaps  the  font,  which  looks  rather  earlier. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  as  to  the  remainder  of  the  Church,  the 

1  Monumental  Brasses  of  Wilts,  p.  32. 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  259 

inscription  T.L.  H.G.  1624  on  a  stone  in  the  north  wall  of  the 
chancel,  the  one  with  arms  and  1624;  as  well  as  a  panel  with  S.C. 
in  the  gable  of  the  porch  and  that  with  1624  H.G.  in  the  east  wall 
of  the  chancel,  doubtless  record  the  exact  date;  but  there  is 
abundant  further  evidence  that  the  walls  were  re-built  at  about  that 
time.  The  moulding  of  the  plinth  is  a  Jacobean  one,  it  is  returned 
down  on  each  side  of  the  priests'  door,  the  lower  stones  of  which 
were  either  re-worked  or  renewed.  The  four  two-light  debased 
windows  in  the  side  walls  of  the  nave,  the  small  circular  window  to 
light  the  pulpit,  and  the  elliptic  inner  arches  throughout,  the  impost 
of  the  chancel  arch,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  mouldings  are 
here  returned,  the  weathering  of  the  buttresses,  the  waggon-head 
roof  with  oak  plates  and  ribs  and  plaster  panels,  the  altar  rail  and 
its  bold  turned  balusters  and  the  fine  oak  benches  throughout 
(somewhat  spoilt  in  effect  by  the  modern  terminals),  are  typical 
features  of  the  work  of  this  period  as  applied  to  Church-building. 
The  arch  of  the  west  window  and  the  heads  of  the  south  windows 
of  the  chancel  evidently  once  had  labels  over  them,  but  these  have 
been  omitted  in  the  re-building.  It  is  interesting  to  find  that  the 
old  glass  was  replaced  in  the  south  chancel  windows  in  carrying 
out  this  work,  and  the  whole  Church  is  a  valuable  specimen  of 
ecclesiastical  work  of  the  time  of  James  I.  The  pulpit,  prayer-desk, 
and  lectern  are  made  up  of  later  carved  work. 


HEYTESBURY.      SS.  PETER  AND  PAUL. 

This  Church  is  of  the  orthodox  cruciform  plan  fully  developed. 
It  consists  of  a  nave  of  four  bays  with  north  and  south  aisles  and 
south  porch ;  a  chancel  of  three  bays  with  north  and  south  aisles 
and  a  tower  at  the  crossing ;  both  the  nave  and  the  chancel  are 
clerestoried.  This  is  the  usual  Norman  plan,  and  there  is  little 
doubt  that  the  present  building  stands  on  the  foundations  of  a 
Church  of  that  period  equal  in  size — the  narrowness  of  the  aisles 
points  to  an  earlier  origin  than  the  date  of  the  walls.  This  Church 
became  collegiate  about  1165,  and  was  probably  re-built  soon  after. 
The  only  portions  of  the  Norman  Church  which  remain  are  the 

T  2 


260     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

north  and  south  arcades  of  the  chancel,  and  these  are  quite  late, 
verging  on  the  Early  English,  say  about  1180-1200;  the  east 
responds  and  the  two  easternmost  columns  have  clustered  shafts  of 
freestone  and  slate  alternately  (the  slate  is  new,  and  probably  takes 
the  place  of  Purbeck  marble),  the  two  westernmost  columns  are 
cylindrical — the  one  on  the  north  having  a  scalloped  capital  and 
that  on  the  south  moulded  only.  The  west  respond  on  the  south  is 
like  the  column,  and  coeval,  but  the  one  on  the  north  was  re-built 
with  the  tower — the  former  is  conclusive  as  to  there  having  been  a 
Norman  central  tower.  The  arches  of  these  arcades  are  pointed, 
and  consist  of  four  orders  of  chamfers.  I  do  not  consider  that  these 
are  of  later  date  than  the  piers,  except  the  westernmost  one  on  the 
north  side,  which  appears  to  have  been  re-built  with  its  respond, 
the  rest  are  probably  coeval  with  the  piers  (the  modern  labels  over 
the  arches  are  misleading).  Before  the  restoration  in  1867  by  Mr. 
Butterfield  these  arches  were  blocked  up,  and  the  present  chancel 
aisles  were  added  at  that  time. 

In  the  thirteenth  century  the  lower  stage  of  the  central  tower, 
the  eastern  part  of  the  chancel,  the  two  transepts,  the  arcades,  the 
west  end  of  the  nave  and  the  aisles  were  re-built  and  the  clerestory 
to  the  chancel  added.  The  east  wall  of  the  chancel  is  arcaded  in  two 
stages  divided  by  a  string-course ;  the  arches  of  the  lower  stage 
return  on  the  responds  of  the  side  arcades ;  the  upper  stage  consists 
of  three  bays  of  moulded  arches  free  of  the  wall,  with  detached 
shafts  of  Purbeck  marble — the  shafts  have  central  bands  or  annulets; 
a  large  lancet  window  (the  inner  part  of  which  is  modern)  occupies 
the  central  bay,  and  the  one  on  each  side  is  solid.  In  the  south 
return  of  the  lower  stage  is  a  coeval  piscina  of  circular  form  under 
a  square-headed  recess — the  low  position  of  this  shows  that  there 
was  formerly  no  step  at  the  east  end  and  that  the  existing  level  is  a 
modern  "  improvement."  It  may  be  noticed  that  the  three  clerestory 
windows  on  each  side  are  placed  between  the  arches  (and  not  over 
them,  as  is  more  usual),  as  in  the  case  of  the  early  examples  of 
Bishop's  Cannings  and  Battle ;  in  order  to  carry  out  this  one  has 
been  placed  over  each  west  respond.  The  east,  north,  and  south 
arches  of  the  tower  are  as  re-built  in  the  thirteenth  century,  but  the 


By  0.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  261 

west  arch  was  re-built  and  widened  when  the  Church  was  restored. 
Although  the  transepts  have  been  much  altered  since,  there  is 
abundant  evidence  that  they  were  re-built  with  the  tower  in  the 
thirteenth  century ;  the  walls  and  buttress  of  the  north  transept 
and  much  of  the  east  wall  and  plinth  of  the  south  transept  remain 
of  this  work.  The  south  transept  has  a  coeval  doorway  opening1 
into  the  chancel  aisle,  and  a  string-course  which  is  cut  off  square  by 
this  door  is  carried  along  the  east  wall ;•  there  are  also  remains  of  a 
lancet  window  on  the  outside. 

The  nave  arcades  look  somewhat  later  than  the  chancel  and  tower 
work,  but  they  are  not  later  than  temp.  Edward  I. ;  they  have  tall 
octagonal  columns  on  high  moulded  bases  supporting  pointed  arches 
of  three  orders  of  chamfers  with  moulded  labels.  The  arcades  have 
been  partly  re-built,  the  bases  renewed,  and  the  surface  of  the  old 
work  has  been  badly  scraped.  The  two  east  responds  on  the  south 
and  the  west  one  on  the  north  side  have  clustered  shafts  carrying 
the  inner  order  of  the  arch,  the  remaining  one  is  octagonal. 

The  two  massive  buttresses  which  flank  the  west  end  of  the  nave 
are  of  about  the  same  period  as  the  arcades,  although  their  different 
heights  seem  to  indicate  that  they  were  not  carried  up  at  one  time, 
and  a  coeval  string-course  runs  across  the  west  ends  of  the  aisles 
and  part  of  the  nave,  but  is  broken  into  here  by  the  insertion  of  the 
later  doorway. 

The  south  transept  appears  to  have  been  altered  in  the  fourteenth 
century  when  the  south  wall  above  the  plinth  with  its  tall  buttresses 
having  five  set-offs,  and  the  adjacent  parts  of  the  east  wall,  were 
re-built.  There  is  a  coeval  corbel  in  the  east  wall,  probably  inserted 
to  receive  a  figure  by  the  altar ;  also  a  square  aumbry  in  the  south 
wall.  Towards  the  end  of  this  century  the  low  upper  stage  of  the 
tower  was  added,  having  a  two-light  window  in  each  face. 

Towards  the  middle  of  the  fifteenth  century  the  clerestory  of  the 
nave  was  added,  and  the  weather-mould  on  the  west  face  of  the  tower 
marks  the  high  pitch  of  the  earlier  roof.  The  clerestory  has  three 
two-light  square-headed  windows  on  each  side,  placed  over  the  piers, 
as  in  the  case  of  the  earlier  example  of  the  chancel.  The  waggon- 
head  roof  over  the  nave  with  its  carved  wall-plates  is  coeval  witk 


262     Notes  on  Uic  Churches  in  Ike  Neigliliourliood  of  Warminster. 

the  clerestory,  as  is  also  the  door  and  the  five-light  window  over  it 
at  the  west  end. 

Both  transepts  were  re-modelled  in  the  fifteenth  century.  The 
one  on  the  north  contains  a  chantry  chapel  of  the  Hungerfords 
(whose  badge,  three  sickles,  appears  on  the  screen  and  the  remains 
of  the  late  Perpendicular  monument).  This  chapel  is  supposed  hy 
Canon  Jackson  to  have  been  founded  in  1421  by  Walter,  Lord 
Hungerford,  K.G.  (who  was  also  owner  of  a  chantry  dedicated  to 
S.  Mary  founded  in  1300  in  the  south  part  of  this  Church  and  the 
founder  of  the  chapel  in  the  nave  of  Salisbury  Cathedral  in  which 
he  was  buried  in  1449),  and  it  was  probably  at  this  time  that  it 
was  separated  from  the  rest  of  the  Church  by  the  beautiful  stone 
screen  which  remains  under  the  tower  arch.  This  screen  has  good 
fan-vaulting,  also  a  small  aumbry  on  the  inside  for  use  at  the  chantry 
altar.  The  cresting  of  the  screen  has  been  lost.  The  transept  had 
a  stone  vaulted  ceiling  added  as  part  of  this  re-modelling,  but  this 
has  also  been  lost  with  the  exception  of  the  two  corbels  bearing  the 
symbols  of  S.  Matthew  and  S.  Mark.  This  vaulting  was  probably 
destroyed  in  1644  when  the  roof  was  lowered,  as  indicated  by  the 
stone  in  the  wall  outside.  The  east  window  of  this  transept  is  a 
good  three-light  Perpendicular  one  (the  new  one  in  the  north  gable 
is  described  by  Mr.  Talbot l  as  "  a  cross  between  Early  English  and 
Perpendicular/'  and  was  probably  thus  designed  by  the  architect  to 
avoid  misleading  future  antiquaries) ,  and  the  interesting  archway 
in  the  east  wall  is  reported  to  have  been  taken  from  the  west  wall 
when  the  new  arch  was  inserted  there.  The  window  in  the  gable 
of  the  south  transept  is  a  three-light  Perpendicular  one  with  two 
transoms,  but  the  tracery  has  probably  been  cut  away. 

Early  in  the  sixteenth  century  the  upper  part  of  the  north  aisle 
walls  and  all  the  buttresses  there  with  one  exception  were  re-built, 
and  the  four  debased  three-light  windows  constructed  (the  latter 
have  had  their  mullions  and  the  inner  parts  of  the  arches  renewed). 
The  western  part  of  the  south  aisle  with  the  similar  window  in  the 
south  wall  was  dealt  with  in  the  same  way  (this  window  has  been 

1  Vol,  xvii.,  p.  363, 


By  0.  E.  Panting,  F.S.A.  263 

.copied  in  the  part  of  the  aisle  eastward  of  the  porch  re-built  at  the 
restoration) ,  and  the  roof  of  this  aisle  is  coeval. 

The  two  windows  in  the  west  ends  of  the  aisles  are  very  re- 
markable, and  at  first  sight  might  from  the  appearance  of  the  labels 
be  taken  for  fourteenth  century  work,  but  on  closer  examination  J 
think  they  will  be  found  to  be  some  three  hundred  years  later. 
They  are  at  present  filled  with  quatrefoil  tracery  inserted  by  Mr. 
Butterfield,  but  before  that  they  appear  to  have  been  plain  circular 
openings,  and  they  probably  had  an  iron  framework  to  receive  the 
glass. 

The  roofs  of  the  chancel  and  north  and  south  transepts  are  modern, 
as  are  also  the  porch  and  the  font.  The  chancel  aisles  were  erected 
in  the  restoration  of  1867,  and  there  is  no  doubt  that  care  was  taken, 
.to  construct  them  on  the  foundations  of  the  Norman  aisles  which 
preceded  them,  and  the  old  weather- mould  indicates  the  position  of 
the  ancient  roof,  but  a  curious  point  in  connection  with  this  arises 
on  the  north  side,  where  the  aisle  cuts  into  the  fifteenth  century 
window  of  the  transept ;  from  this  it  would  appear  that  the  old 
aisle  was  pulled  down  before  this  window  was  inserted.  A  modern 
parapet  has  been  added  to  the  chancel,  and  copings  and  cross  to  the 
east  gable. 

Mr.  Lukis  l  describes  the  six  bells  in  the  tower.  No.  4  is  dated 
,1616;  No.  2,  1668;  No.  1,  1739;  No.  3,1753;  No.  5,  1843. 
The  tenor  bell  is  a  medieval  one,  bearing  two  coats  of  arms,  one  of 
the  family  of  Knollys,  the  other  probably  that  of  the  Fowells.  It 
also  bears  the  inscription : — "  INTONAT  E  CELIS  vox  CAMPANE 
MICHAELIS." — "  The  voice  of  the  Bell  of  S.  Michael's  resounds  from 
the  sky." 

L  eland  speaks  of  this  Church  as  "  Heitredesbury — a  Collegiate 
Church  impropriate  to  the  deanery  of  Sarum  has  the  gift  of  four 
prebends.""  And  Canon  Jackson,2  referring  to  this,  says  "  Heytes- 
bury  Church  was  made  collegiate  about  A.D.  1165,  chiefly  through 
the  agency  of  Roger,  Archdeacon  of  Wilts  or  Ramsbury.  The 

1  Vol.  ii.,  p.  335. 

2  Vol.  i.,  p,  174. 


264     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

four  prebends  are — 1.  Tytherington,  given  by  the  Empress  Maud  : 
2.  Horningsham :  3.  Hill  Deverill :  and  4.  Swallowcliffe.  The 
Archdeacon  was  at  first  head  of  this  Collegiate  Church,  but  it  was 
afterwards  annexed  to  the  deanery  of  Sarum.  The  Dean  now  acts 
as  Ordinary  within  it,  and  has  the  patronage  of  the  four  prebends/7 
In  the  belfry  are  two  kneeling  figures  in  white  marble  of  Thomas 
Moore  and  Rachel,  his  wife,  died  1623. 


.• 
SUTTON  VENT.      THE  OLD  CHURCH  OF  S.  LEONARD. 

Since  the  fine  new  Church  of  S.  John's  was  erected  from  Mr. 
Pearson's  designs  in  1868,  the  old  Church  has  been  allowed  to  fall 
into  ruins,  with  the  exception  of  the  chancel,  which  was  then  en* 
closed  and  used  as  a  mortuary  chapel ;  and  as  the  old  work  is  fast 
disappearing,  it  seems  desirable  to  place  on  record  some  description 
of  it  as  it  exists  in  1893. 

The  Church  was  cruciform,  consisting  of  nave  and  chancel  with 
arches  at  the  "  crossing/'  and  north  and  south  transepts. 

In  the  north  wall  of  the  nave  is  a  good  Norman  doorway  with 
semicircular  arch  with  label  and  a  flat  lintel  under  which  the  jambs 
are  corbelled  out.  The  shafts  on  the  jambs  are  missing,  but  the 
caps  remain — these  are  carved  and  have  square  abacus  moulds.  No 
other  parts  of  the  Norman  Church  remain,  as  the  earliest  walling 
is  of  thirteenth  century  date,  when  the  entire  structure  appears  to 
have  been  re-built  (the  Norman  doorway  remaining  in  situ).  The 
walls  of  this  period  remain  in  the  nave  and  chancel  (with  the 
alterations  referred  to  below)  and  part  of  the  transepts — they  are 
constructed  of  rubble  and  appear  to  have  begun  to  subside  and  incline 
outwards  at  a  very  early  period  of  their  existence,  for  the  fourteenth 
century  part  of  the  south  transept  was  built  against  an  already 
leaning  arch. 

The  four  arches  at  the  crossing  are  distinctly  Early  English  (circa 
1200),  three  orders  of  chamfers  carried  down  the  jambs,  intersected 
only  by  an  impost  moulding,  and  having  interesting  stops  which 
show  the  jambs  and  arches  to  be  coeval ;  the  bases  are  splayed. 


By  C.  K  Pouting,  F.S.A.  265 

There  is  no  evidence  as  to  whether  a  tower  was  carried  up  over  these 
arches.  On  the  north  side  of  the  nave  are  the  splays  of  two  lancet 
windows,  and  a  trace  of  one  on  the  south,  the  chancel  retains  its 
three  small  lancets  with  labels  over  on  the  north,  also  a  flat  buttress 
at  the  north-east  angle  returning  on  the  east  face,  and  a  coeval 
doorway  on  the  south,  now  blocked  up.  The  rubble  walling  at  the 
east  end  of  the  chancel  and  the  thirteenth  century  string  (now 
intersected  by  a  modern  window)  show  the  east  window  to  have 
been  at  an  unusual  height.  A  chamfered  string  runs  along  under 
the  windows  on  the  south  side,  but  there  is  no  plinth  to  the  side 
walls,  this  being  confined  to  the  quoins. 

Very  little  of  the  transepts  remains,  but  they  were  probably 
largely  re-built  late  in  the  fourteenth  century.  A  doorway  of  this 
date  inserted  in  the  thirteenth  century  south  wall  of  the  nave  and 
intersecting  the  string-course,  still  remains,  with  a  fifteenth  century 
niche  over  it. 

The  alterations  here  during  the  Perpendicular  period  are  less  than 
usual,  and  do  not  include  any  extension  of  plan.  At  the  west  end 
of  the  nave  a  door  with  three-light  window  over  was  inserted  circa 
1500,  and  a  buttress  was  carried  out  from  the  north-west  angle—- 
this work  is  in  coursed  masonry,  and  the  junction  with  the  Early 
English  rubble  wall  portions  of  its  plinth  is  clearly  traceable.  Two 
buttresses  were  added  to  support  the  north  wall  of  the  nave,  which 
had  already  become  leaning.  A  three-light  square-headed  window 
(now  blocked  up)  was  put  in  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel  when 
the  greater  part  of  this  wall  was  re-built,  but  the  earlier  priests' 
door  was  not  disturbed. 

There  is  an  old  sun-dial  on  the  south-west  quoin  of  the  nave. 

In  more  recent  times  two  buttresses  have  been  erected  against 
the  south  wall  of  the  nave  to  serve  the  same  purpose  here  as  the 
fifteenth  century  ones  added  to  the  north  wall ;  a  miserable  roof, 
hipped  at  the  east  end,  has  been  put  on  the  chancel,  and  the  chancel 
arch  built  up,  with  a  doorway  facing  the  entrance.  The  west  wall 
of  the  nave  has  been  pulled  down  above  the  top  of  the  buttresses, 
and  much  of  the  side  walls,  the  wrought  stonework  of  the  windows 
on  the  north  side  appears  to  have  been  taken  away. 


Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neigkbourfwod  of  Warminster. 

NORTON  BAVANT.       ALL  SAINTS. 

This  Church  consists  of  chancel  with  vestry  on  south  and  organ 
chamber  on  north,  nave  with  chapel  projecting  from  the  middle  of 
the  south  side,  western  tower  and  a  north  porch  near  the  west  end 
of  the  nave.  With  the  exception  of  the  tower  the  entire  Church 
was  re-built  in  1840  in  the  poorest  style  of  that  period,  when  every 
structural  feature  was  renewed  with  the  exception  of  the  archway 
into  the  chapel,  which  was  either  retained  or  reinstated ;  the  good 
seventeenth  century  iron  gates  were  also  retained.  This  archway  is 
of  fourteenth  century  date.  The  chapel  is  known  as  the  Benet 
Chapel,  and  "  is  supposed  to  have  been  built  by  John  Benet,  buried 
in  the  middle  of  it  in  1461"  (Canon  Jackson,  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.y 
x.,  298),  but  this  date  is  too  late  for  the  construction  of  the  arch. 
The  brass  of  "  Johnes  Benet  and  Agnes  his  wife  "  still  remains  in 
the  centre  of  the  pavement,  and  another  on  the  west  wall  of  Thomas 
Benet,  of  Westbury,  and  Margaret,  his  wife.  (There  is  also  a  brass 
to  the  latter  in  the  north  chapel  of  Westbury  Church,  giving  the 
date  of  his  death  as  1605.1) 

The  tower  is  divided  into  three  stages  internally,  although  the 
lower  two  are  undivided  by  any  string-course  on  the  outside.  These 
two  stages,  with  the  stair-turret  to  the  same  level,  are  the  work  of 
late  in  the  fourteenth  century,  and  were  constructed  without  but- 
tresses. 

The  archway  opening  into  the  nave  is  constructed  of  chalk.  It  is 
of  two  orders  of  chamfers  continued  down  the  jambs  and  terminating 
in  a  long  stop  of  very  unusual  form  at  the  lower  ends.  The  middle 
stage  of  the  tower  was  (like  that  of  Langley  Burrell,  where  there 
exists  an  aumbry)  constructed  for  and  apparently  used  as  a  priests' 
chamber  :  it  is  provided  with  a  fireplace  having  an  opening  3ft.  4in. 
wide  and  2ft.  9in.  high,  with  mouldings  carried  round  and  a  lintel 
1ft.  5in.  deep  enriched  with  three  sunk  and  carved  quatre  foils.  The 
fact  that  the  flue  terminates  abruptly  at  the  commencement  of  the 
upper  stage  indicates  either  that  the  tower  was  only  two  stages  high 
when  left  in  the  fourteenth  century,  or  that  the  upper  stage  was 


Kite's  Brasses  of  Wilts,  p.  78. 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A. 

re-built  (probably  owing1  to  settlements)  :  bowever  tbis  may  be,  tbe 
present  upper  stage  was  erected  about  a  century  later,  circa  1500. 
Tbe  fourteenth  century  work  is  constructed  of  Chilmark  coursed 
masonry  of  a  rough  description.  The  middle  chamber  has  a  two-light 
square-headed  window  with  deeply  moulded  jambs  in  the  west  face. 
There  was  doubtless  a  west  window  of  the  same  period  in  the 
lower  staere,  but  when  the  tower  was  raised  this  was  removed  and  a 

O      ' 

Perpendicular  three-light  window  (the  tracery  of  which  has  since 
been  removed)  with  a  doorway  beneath  it  (now  built  up)  inserted ; 
at  the  same  time  diagonal  buttresses  were  added  at  the  north-west 
and  south-west  angles,  the  bonding  stones  of  which  do  not  range 
with  the  masonry  of  the  main  walls  into  which  they  were  inserted. 
It  is  somewhat  remarkable  that  the  plinths  of  these  buttresses  were 
made  to  carry  on  the  design  of  the  earlier  mouldings.  The  upper 
stage  has  a  two-light  window  in  each  side  with  shallow  moulding 
and  the  mullions  flush  with  the  outside  face  of  the  wall — the  masonry 
of  this  part  is  also  coursed,  but  composed  of  smaller  stones.  This 
stage  was  not  built  parallel  to  the  substructure,  the  orientation 
varying  about  2jin.  in  its  width  on  the  north  face.  It  is  surmounted 
by  a  good  cornice  with  boldly-carved  angle  gargoyles  and  a  battle- 
mented  parapet.  The  stair  turret  is  a  striking  feature  placed  at  the 
eastern  end  of  the  south  side,  the  east  face  of  it  being  fair  with 
that  of  the  main  part  of  the  tower,  as  at  Imber.  It  is  carried  up 
above  the  rest,  has  its  own  parapet  and  gargoyles,  and  is  surmounted 
by  a  small  spire  placed  within  it.  This  feature  doubtless  led  to  the 
tower  being  described  in  Kelly's  Directory  as  (t  an  embattled 
western  tower,  with  one  pinnacle "  \  The  turret  has  the  angles 
canted  off  for  the  full  height  and  -the  other  two  angles — making  an 
octagon — at  the  top.  There  are  no  traces  of  pinnacles  having 
existed  on  the  angles  of  the  tower — the  angle  filling  which  at  first 
appears  intended  to  support  them,  is  doubtless  for  strength. 

The  tower  contains  four  bells,  the  first  and  fourth  are  dated  1656, 
the  third  1711;  the  second  is  a  mediaeval  bell,  and  bears  the  in- 
scription : — "  >J<  SANCTE  :  TOME  :  OKA  :  PHO  :  NOBIS."  l  These  are 

1  Lukis,  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  ii.,  336. 


268    Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminsler. 

said  to  have  been  brought  from  Bishopstrow,  and  it  is  clear  that  the 
frame  was  not  made  for  this  tower,  but  was  adapted  to  fit  it.1 

BISHOPSTROW. 

This  Church  is  dedicated  to  S.  Aldhelm,  who  is  believed  to  have 
visited  this  place. 

It  is  certain  that  a  very  early  Church  existed  here,  and  Sir 
Richard  Colt  Hoare2  gives  a  ground- plan  of  it,  showing  a  semi- 
circular apse  without  an  east  window  (as  at  Manningford  Bruce), 
the  chancel  being  lighted  by  windows  placed  north-east  and  south- 
east. 

There  is  no  trace  of  this  early  work  visible  in  the  present  structure, 
the  earliest  part  of  which  is  the  tower  and  spire,  probably  added  to 
the  Saxon  Church  circa  1430.  The  proportions  of  the  tower  are 
much  injured  by  a  raising  of  the  ground  outside  and  the  floor  inside 
to  the  extent  of  about  2^ft. — the  base  being  thus  hidden — but 
it  is  a  charming  bit  of  work.  It  has  diagonal  buttresses,  small 
two-light  windows  in  each  side  of  the  belfry  stage,  and  a  most 
graceful  spire  rising  from  within  an  embattled  parapet,  and  having 
a  traceried  and  embattled  band  around  at  mid-height ;  as  well  as  a 
fillet  carried  up  the  angles.  The  west  doorway  is  quite  modern, 
and  it  is  doubtful  whether  one  existed  here  originally. 

The  remainder  of  the  Church  was  re-built  in  1757,  and  a  stone 
tablet  in  the  south  wall  is  inscribed  : — 

D.    O.    M. 

Ecclesia  de  Bishopstrow. 

A.  B.  iinis  fundamentals  restaurata  est 

A.  R.  S.     H.     MDCCLVII. 

It  is  noteworthy  that  in  work  of  this  period  a  string-course  of  a 
good  Gothic  type  should  have  been  used. 

The  windows,  copings,  &c.,  have  been  since  again  re- modelled. 

There  is  now  only  one  bell,  but  tradition  says  that  the  three  at 
Norton  Bavant  were  removed  from  this  Church. 

1  This  tower,  which  had  become  badly  dilapidated,  is  now  (June,  1894)  under- 
going restoration,  owing  to  the  liberality  of  Mrs.  Torrance,  of  Norton  House. 
2  Modern  Wilts— War  minster,  p.  74. 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  269 

IiONGBRIDGE    DEVKRILL.        SS.    PETER    AND    PAUL. 

This  Church  appears  to  have  received  much  attention  at  the  hands 
of  the  restorer,  and  to  have  been  added  to  considerably  in  recent 
times.  Its  present  plan  consists  of  nave  with  north  and  south 
aisles,  chancel  with  an  aisle  on  the  north  known  as  the  Bath  Chapel, 
and  an  organ  chamber  and  vestry  on  the  south,  a  western  tower  and 
a  south  porch. 

The  earliest  work  is  the  north  arcade  of  the  nave — three  bays  of 
semicircular  arches  of  one  order  with  flat  soffit  chamfered  at  the 
edges,  springing  from  massive  square  piers  with  the  angles  chamfered 
off  like  the  arches,  and  without  stops,  and  with  a  plain  chamfered 
abacus  at  the  springing.  This  work  bears  a  striking  resemblance 
to  the  arcades  at  Enford,  and  is  probably  of  about  the  same  date, 
viz.,  circa  1130—1150;  the  lower  part  of  the  bowl  and  the  base  of 
the  font  may  be  set  down  at  about  the  same  period. 

Next  in  order  come  the  south  arcade  and  the  tower.  The  former 
is  of  three  bays,  the  piers  probably  standing  on  the  foundations  of 
Norman  ones  corresponding  to  those  on  the  north  side ;  and  it  is 
interesting  to  note  that  both  arcades  are  built  of  chalk,  so  that 
probably  the  old  material  was  worked  up  again  when  the  arcade  was 
re-built  at  near  the  end  of  the  fourteenth  century.  The  arches  are 
of  two  orders  of  chamfers  carried  up  the  piers  from  the  floor  and 
round  the  arches,  without  caps  or  bases.  The  tower  was  built  at 
about  the  same  time.  It  is  of  three  stages  in  height,  with  buttresses 
standing  square  at  the  angles,  and  the  staircase  on  the  north  carried 
up  for  the  full  height — this  was  (as  was  almost  invariably  the  case) 
approached  from  the  inside  originally,  but  a  doorway  has  been 
formed  to  give  access  from  the  outside  to  meet  a  supposed  modern 
convenience.  Note  the  peculiar  carving  to  the  caps  of  the  archway 
between  tower  and  nave,  The  parapet  is  new. 

The  north  aisle  was  re-built  at  the  time  of  the  decline  of  the 
Perpendicular,  probably  early  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  two 
windows  of  two  lights  with  square  heads  and  peculiar  square  label- 
terminations  on  the  outside  (the  inner  roll  mould  turned  up  and 
stopping  against  it)  are  of  that  period,  although  the  cusps  to  the 
heads  have  all  been  renewed  and  made  pointed.  The  roof  is  also 


270     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

coeval  with  the  walls  and  windows,  as  are  also  the  arches  into  the 
Bath  Chapel  and  organ  chamber  on  the  north  and  south  of  the 
chancel,  so  that  there  were  probably  older  chapels  on  the  same  site : 
further  evidence  of  this  is  seen  in  the  south  chapel  (or  organ 
chamber),  the  roof  of  which  is  an  old  one  re-used.  The  chancel, 
north  and  south  chapels  of  nave,  the  vestry  on  the  east  of  the  latter 
(which  contains  a  good  fourteenth  century  piscina  with  ogee  arch), 
and  the  clerestory  of  the  nave,  are  all  new  work,  executed  about 
thirty  years  ago.  In  the  Bath  Chapel  is  the  monument  of  Sir  John 
Thynne,  the  builder  of  Longleat,  who  died  in  1580,  also  portions  of 
armour,  consisting  of  three  helmets,  a  sword,  a  pair  of  gauntlets, 
and  two  collars  :  these  are  suffering  injury  from  rust  and  should 
receive  attention. 

The  old  altar-slab  has  been  restored  to  its  original  use,  although 
somewhat  re-worked  and  altered  in  size. 

THE  ALMS  HOUSES. 

The  picturesque  block  of  eight  almshouses  (for  six  men  and  two 
women)  was  founded  in  1665  by  Sir  James  Thynne.  The  three 
window  gables  on  the  front  and  three  chimney  gables  at  the  back 
are  the  original  construction,  but  the  turret  and  clock  are  modern : 
there  is  a  good  oak  staircase  with  moulded  steps,  and  some  of  the 
partitions  are  panelled  in  oak.  These,  with  the  village  schools  and 
the  Church  beyond,  in  its  well-kept  churchyard,  form  a  charmingr 
group.  In  the  churchyard  stands  a  magnificent  yew  tree. 

HILL  DEVERILL. 

The  old  Church  has  entirely  disappeared,  and  the  present  one, 
built  in  1843,  is  a  poor  structure  dedicated  to  the  Assumption  of 
the  Blessed  Virgin  Mary.  It  contains  a  late  fourteenth  century 
altar-tomb  of  the  Ludlow  family,  who  were  then  owners  of  the 
manor.  There  is  also  an  interesting  Jacobean  tablet  on  the  north 
wall,  and,  although  the  design  is  quite  stone-like,  it  is  made  of  wood 
and  painted.  A  chantry  for  four  chaplains  was  founded  here  by 
Robert  le  Bor  in  1324  and  endowed  with  lands  (Modern  Wilts, 
Heytesbury,  p.  10). 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  271 

The  Manor  House  near  was  the  seat  of  the  Ludlows,  and  was 
apparently  built  by  them  at  about  the  middle  of  the  Elizabethan 
period  and  re-modelled  in  the  south  front  and  west  end  at  about 
1700  (after  the  manor  had  passed  into  the  hands  of  the  Cokers),  to 
which  period  (pace  the  local  tradition  that  it  was  constructed  for 
cannon  /)  I  assign  the  oval  window  over  the  porch  and  the  four-light 
mullioned  windows  with  elliptic  heads.  The  date  1781  on  the  gate 
piers  refers  doubtless  to  their  erection. 

Adjoining  the  house  on  the  east  is  a  barn  fifteen  bays  in  length, 
of  early  sixteenth  century  date  :  the  superstructure  had  fallen  over 
westward  before  the  erection  of  the  house,  which  was,  perhaps,  built 
to  support  it. 

In  the  farmyard  south  of  the  house  are  some  interesting  remains 
of  buildings  of  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century,  and  it  seems  not 
improbable  that  this  was  the  original  site  of  the  manor  house.1  The 
parts  existing  seem  to  have  been  the  gateway  or  porter's  lodge,  for 
the  thickness  of  the  walls  (about  2ft.)  would  exclude  their  being 
considered  part  of  the  main  building.  What  looks  like  the  porch, 
with  a  doorway  about  5ft.  9in.  wide,  having  the  typical  four-centred 
arch  under  a  square  head,  with  a  coeval  niche  over  it  (now  occupied 
by  a  shield),  remains;  also  much  of  the  walls  and  roof  of  the 
building  against  which  it  was  erected,  and  one  window;  but  the 
plan  is  by  no  means  easy  to  be  traced,  owing  to  the  alterations 
which  have  been  made  in  incorporating  it  with  the  modern  farm 
buildings. 

BRIXTON  DEVERILL.       S.  MICHAEL. 

.  This  Church  consists  of  chancel  and  nave  with  western  tower. 

The  lower  part  of  the -tower  is  thirteenth  century  work;  the 
archway  opening  into  the  nave  has  two  orders  of  chamfers,  stopping 
on  square  imposts,  with  square  jambs  below ;  the  belfry  stage  was 
re-built  in  the  fifteenth  century,  when  the  lancet  window  on  the 
south  side  was  replaced.  A  new  doorway  has  been  inserted  in  the 

1  For  the  drawing  from  which  the  accompanying  plate  is  taken  the  Society  is 
indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Harold  Brakspear, 


272     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

tower,  also  a  new  west  window  with  the  old  crocketted  label  re-used. 
The  spire  and  parapet  are  also  modern  —  the  latter  bearing  the  in- 
scription :  —  "  Of  that  which  God  gave  this  spire  was  erected  and 
the  tower  adorned  by  the  Rector  A.D.  1852." 

The  chancel  arch  is  a  very  fine  specimen  of  early  thirteenth 
century  work  with  deeply-cut  mouldings  —  the  central  member  being 
the  "  dog-tooth  "  —  springing  from  clustered  jamb  shafts. 

The  remainder  of  the  Church  has  been  re-built  —  the  nave  probably 
temp.  Queen  Anne,  as  judged  by  the  ceiling  and  font  :  the  chancel 
is  stated  to  have  been  lengthened  14ft.  in  1862. 

There  is  a  medieval  bell,  bearing  the  inscription  :  —  "  >ji 


The  old  house  close  by  has  a  fifteenth  century  inner  doorway. 

KINGSTON  DEVERILL.      S.  MARY. 

This  Church  consists  of  chancel,  nave  with  a  chapel  on  the  south, 
and  central  tower.  The  arcade  of  two  bays  between  nave  and  chapel 
is  of  fourteenth  century  date,  and  consists  of  two  orders  of  the 
"  wave-mould."  The  tower  is  of  late  fourteenth  century  date  and 
has  plain  parapets  and  good  gargoyles  :  the  staircase,  square  on 
plan,  is  carried  above  the  parapet  —  the  doorway  giving  access  to  it 
has  been  placed  outside  in  recent  times. 

The  remainder  of  the  Church  was  re-built  in  1847. 

In  the  chancel  is  a  recumbent  effigy  of  the  early  Decorated  period, 
which  has  been  extensively  renewed.  There  is  also  a  thirteenth 
century  coffin-slab,  with  inscribed  cross.  The  pulpit  has  old 
traceried  panels  of  "  Flowing  "  type  —  probably  Flemish  work.  The 
west  window  contains  some  Flemish  glass  of  sixteenth  century  date. 
An  oak  chair  bearing  date  1682  is  in  the  sanctuary. 

Sir  R.  C.  Hoare  (Mere,  p.  138)  gives  an  extract  from  Bishop 
Osmund's  Register,  1099,  showing  that  a  chapel  of  S.  Andrew 
existed  in  this  parish  and  belonged  to  Mere  Church.  Canon 
Jackson  concludes  that  it  stood  in  that  part  of  the  parish  formerly 
belonging  to  the  Canons  of  Lisieux  in  Normandy  (Wilts  Arch. 
Mag.,  vol.  x.,  p.  275). 


By  C.  E.  Ponting,  F.S.A.  273 

CODFORD  ST.  MART. 

I  have  been  able  to  glean  some  interesting  information  of  the 
state  of  this  Church  before  its  restoration  from  "  Memorials  of  the 
Parish  of  Codford  St.  Mary/'  written  by  Dr.  Ingram  (author  of 
"Memorials  of  Oxford"  and  President  of  Trinity  College),  and 
published  by  Parker  in  1844.  This  book  has  been  kindly  lent  to 
me  by  the  present  Rector,  and  as  it  contains  an  illustration  of  the 
old  Church  it  is  valuable.  Its  plan  consisted  of  nave  with  a  porch 
on  the  south  near  the  west  end,  chancel,  and  western  tower,  and  all 
which  is  shown  in  the  sketch  of  the  exterior  is  Late  Decorated  and 
Perpendicular  work. 

In  1843  a  portion  of  the  south  wall  of  the  nave  near  the  east 
end  fell  down  "  in  consequence  of  its  being  hollowed  out  in  the 
inside,  first  to  receive  the  rood-loft  and  then  the  pulpit."  On  this 
Mr.  Wyatt  took  in  hand  the  restoration  and  enlargement  of  the 
Church,  and  "  ifc  was  deemed  necessary  to  take  down  the  greater 
part  of  the  old  structure  to  the  foundation,  with  the  exception  of 
the  tower  and  a  part  of  the  chancel."  A  south  aisle  of  three  bays 
was  added  to  the  nave  and  an  organ  chamber  on  the  south  of  the 
chancel :  Mr.  Wyatt's  octagonal  piers  have  subsequently  been 
converted  into  circular  ones.  Fortunately  the  re-building  did  not 
extend  to  the  unique  chancel  arch,  which  I  will  presently  describe ; 
but  all  traces  of  the  rood-loft  have  disappeared,  and  the  Elizabethan 
monument  which  previously  stood  on  the  south  of  the  sanctuary, 
the  wall  projecting  on  the  outside  behind  it,  was  removed  to  the 
new  organ  chamber.  This  projection  Dr.  Ingram  considers  was 
originally  built  for  sedilia,  which  were  removed  to  make  way  for 
the  monument,  but  as  the  plan  shows  the  two  buttresses  on  the 
south  to  have  been  thinner  than  those  on  the  north  it  seems  more 
likely  that  it  was  erected  to  receive  the  monument.  On  the  removal 
of  the  whitewash  over  the  chancel  arch  it  was  found  that  it  had 
been  "  sprinkled  in  fresco  with  a  darkish  red  colour,"  and  partially 
enriched  with  a  kind  of  running  scroll-work  of  the  same  material, 
and  traces  of  this  still  exist.  Dr.  Ingram  goes  on  to  say  "  evidences 
of  the  prevalent  taste  of  succeeding  periods  were  observable  in. 
different  parts  of  the  edifice  :  the  hagioscope,  the  confessional,  the 

VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXXI.  TJ 


274     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

rood-loft,  the  aumbry,  and  more  than  one  piscina,"  but  these  are  no 
longer  to  be  found,  unless,  perhaps,  some  of  the  more  obscure 
fragments  preserved  in  the  porch  represent  some  of  them.  One 
would  rather  like  to  see  what  the  "  confessional "  was  like.  The 
head  of  a  fourteenth  century  window  is  re-used  in  the  new  aisle. 

Although  the  Church  has  lost  much  of  its  former  interest,  there 
remains  sufficient  in  the  chancel  arch  to  make  this  most  worthy  of 
our  attention. 

This  arch  consists  of  two  distinct  archways  of  different  periods, 
placed  one  behind  the  other.     The  older  archway  is  on  the  east  side, 
and  exhibits  features  of  the  commencement  of  the  Norman  period  ; 
the  jambs  have  attached  columns  or  angle  shafts  cylindrical  in  section, 
Gin.  in  diameter,  with  a  very  early  form  of  base-mould  not  unlike 
those  found  in  Saxon  work   (e.g.,  in  the  doorway  of   Corhampton, 
Hants),  the  capital  on  the  south  has  a  square  moulded  abacus  and 
an  early  type  of  volute  ornament,  that  on  the  north  is  carved  with 
a  leaf  and  grape  ornament.     The  arch  itself  of  this  older  portion 
consists  of  one  order  with   square  edge  and   without  label;    it  is 
slightly  pointed  and  it  might  have  been  re-built  when  the  later  arch 
was  added,  but  if  so  the  old  stones  were  re-used.     The  later  archway 
consists  of  an  outer  western  order  and  an  inner,  or  central  order, 
both  of  shaft  and  arch,  and  it  bears  the  Transitional-Norman  stamp 
of  the  last  quarter  of  the  twelfth  century.     The  angle  shafts  and 
the  central  shafts  are  both  attached  like  the  older  one,  but  instead 
of  being  a  plain  cylinder  in  section  they  have  a  pointed  fillet  running 
from  cap  to  base  and  carried  through  the  band  and  neck-moulds. 
They  are  divided  by  a  moulded  band  or  annulus,  which  is  principally 
found  in  Early  English  work  and  never  in  the  pure  Norman.     (This 
band  has  been  renewed  in  three  out  of  the  four  cases,  but  the  old 
stones  taken  out  are  preserved  and  should  be  reinstated) .     The  base 
and  neck-mouldings  are  much  further  developed  than  in  the  outer 
arch,  the  caps  still  retain  the  square  abacus  and  volute,  but  with 
later  mouldings,  and  the  carvings  are  quite  distinct — the  ends  of  the 
volutes  having  the  trefoil  leaf  seen  in  thirteenth  century  work.     On 
the  south  side  the  abacus  of  the  later  cap  has  the  stop  of  the  earlier 
one  worked  on  it  (the  later  abacus  on  the  north  has  been  renewed). 


By  C.  E.  Pouting,  F.S.A.  275 

Both  the  outer  and  inner  arches  are  pointed  and  made  to  follow  the 
line  of  the  old,  unless  (as  previously  suggested)  the  old  was  altered 
to  follow  the  new.  On  the  west  face  the  outer  ring  has  a  Transitional 
type  of  scroll  ornament  running  round,  but  there  is  no  label.  As 
there  are  two  kinds  of  stone  used  in  the  archway  it  is  probable  that 
a  careful  removal  of  the  colour  wash  which  still  covers  it  might 
reveal  further  evidence  as  to  how  far  the  older  parts  have  been 
altered  or  renewed. 

The  circular  bowl  and  part  of  the  shaft  of  the  font  are  of  about 
the  same  date  as  the  later  portions  of  this  arch — circa  1180. 

On  a  shelf  in  the  porch  are  preserved  some  very  valuable  old 
fragments  found  in  the  walls  during  the  restoration  of  the  Church. 
This  method  of  dealing  with  them  is  an  excellent  one,  and  worthy 
of  more  general  adoption. 

They  are : — 

(1)  Two  bands  of  the  later  western  shafts  of  the  chancel  arch 

removed  [?  why]  during  the  restoration. 

(2)  A  cap,  apparently,  of  one  of  the  early  western  shafts  of 

the  chancel  arch — a  beak  head  with  an  interlaced,  almost 
pre-Norman  looking,  ornament  passing  through  it ;  this 
stone  corresponds  in  height  with  the  old  cap  on  the  east 
side  and  has  the  same  neck-mould. 

(3)  A  cap  of  the  type  of  the  later  chancel  arch  work  and  of 

the  same  depth  as  those  in  situ,  and  belonging  to  a  shaft 
of  the  same  size,  but  the  neck-mould  is  larger. 

(4)  A  piece  of  chevron  mould,  the  voussoir  of  an  arch. 

(5)  An  interesting  stone  of  the  Early  Norman  period,  carved 

with  a  lion  couchant,  its  tail  carried  between  its  legs  and 
over  its  back,  and  below  this,  geometrical  ornaments,  an 
interlaced  cross,  a  fleur-de-lys  within  a  circle,  &c. 

(6  and  7)  Two  masks  of  late  Norman  work,  representing  the 
heads  of  beasts  very  like  the  label  terminals  at  Malmes- 
bury  Abbey. 

(8)  The  coeval  part  of  a  king's  head,  with  part  of  the  crown. 

(9  and  10)  Parts  of  the  trunk  and  arm  of  an  effigy  wearing  a 
dagger,  apparently  thirteenth  century  work. 


276     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  War  minster. 

(11)  The  head  and  shoulders  of  a  female  figure  of  the  Eliza- 
bethan period,  probably  taken  from  the  Mompesson  tomb 
in  the  organ  chamber,  which  formerly  stood  on  the 
south  side  of  the  chancel ;  the  front  part  of  the  monument, 
only,  is  now  preserved — this  is  in  excellent  condition  and 
is  of  late  Elizabethan  character. 

Sir  R.  C.  Hoare  ascribes  the  monument  to  John  Mompesson, 
Rector  1612 — 1645,1  but,  as  he  did  not  die  until  1645,  it  is  too 
early  in  style,  and  it  is,  as  Dr.  Ingram  suggests,  more  probably 
that  of  Sir  Richard  Mompesson,  Knight,  the  owner  of  the  manor, 
and  particularly  so  if  the  mutilated  effigy  formed  part  of  it.  The 
arms,  in  duplicate,  on  the  monument,  are :  "  Mompesson,  a  lion 
rampant,  charged  on  the  shoulder  with  a  martlet  or  pinzon,  impaling 
the  following  coat :  1.0  fesse  between  three  ....  heads 
erased;  2.  Jive  lozenges  in  fesse  ;  3.  three  lions  passant  in  pale  ;  4. 
as  the  first.  The  colours  not  known."  [Sir  R.  C.  Hoare.] 

In  the  gable  of  the  chancel  are  stones  inscribed  ^z  and  -,^07? 
the  former  probably  commemorates  a  re-building  of  the  wall  by 
John  Mompesson,  Rector  at  that  time. 

The  tower  is  of  three  stages  with  embattled  parapet  and  diagonal 
buttresses;  the  type  of  work  is  debased  Perpendicular,  the  belfry 
windows  are  without  cusping,  the  arch  opening  into  the  nave  spans 
the  whole  width  of  the  tower,  and  the  mouldings  are  not  continued 
down  the  jambs. 

The  altar  has  a  curious  and  interesting  history,  as  to  which  I 
quote  fully  from  Mr.  Ingram's  book  :  — 

"  The  interior  of  S.  Mary's  Church  in  Oxford  being  found  in  a  disgraceful 
state  after  the  termination  of  the  reign  of  the  Puritans,  Dr.  Ralph  Bathurst, 
President  of  Trinity  College  and  Dean  of  Wells,  who  was  Vice-Chancellor  soon 
after  the  Restoration,  gave  £300  towards  fitting  it  up  in  a  decent  manner  for 
University  sermons.  Sir  Christopher  Wren  superintended  the  work.  Among 
other  articles  of  oak  carving  was  a  pulpit  which,  in  consequence  of  the  alterations 
lately  made  in  the  interior  of  that  Church,  by  the  kindness  of  a  Fellow  of  Merton 
College  came  into  the  possession  of  the  Author,  who  has  availed  himself  of  the 
suggestion  of  the  Rev.  T.  Miles,  of  Stockton,  by  converting  it  into  a  communion 
table." 

1  The  last  manorial  rector — the  advowson  was  given  to  S.  John's  College  by 
Sir  Giles  Mompesson  in  1639,  and  Dr.  Ingram  quotes  a  letter  from  Archbishop 
Laud  to  the  college  dated  20th  June  of  that  year  recording  it. 


%  C.  E.  Pontinff,  F.S.A.  277 

The  pulpit  is  a  good  piece  of  late  Jacobean  work. 


CODFORD  S.  PETER. 

This  Church  consists  of  chancel,  nave  and  south  porch,  and 
western  tower,  with  modern  north  aisle  and  vestry. 

The  building  was  very  bountifully  "  restored"  in  1864,  when  the 
north  aisle,  the  porch,  and  the  greater  part  of  the  nave  and  chancel 
were  re-built  and  the  vestry  added.  The  lower  part  of  the  east  wall 
of  the  chancel  up  to  the  set-off,  with  the  buttress  in  the  centre  under 
the  east  window,  is  thirteenth  century  work  in  w<*>but  it  is  obvious 
from  the  various  stones  bearing  Norman  carved  ornament  which 
occur  in  the  Early  English  work  as  well  as  in  the  re-built  parts, 
that  a  Church  existed  here  anterior  to  this.  Of  these  carvings  in 
the  outer  walls  I  may  mention  a  bit  of  diaper  work  in  the  east  end 
of  the  chancel,  a  good  piece  of  the  fish-scale  pattern  in  the  north 
aisle,  and  a  chevron  ornament  in  the  south  wall  of  the  nave  by  the 
porch.  An  old  lancet  window  with  a  new  head  has  been  built  into 
the  vestry.  In  the  south  wall  of  the  chancel  are  triple  sedilia  of 
late  thirteenth  century  date  with  trefoil  arches  and  gablets  over, 
singularly  like  those  in  the  Lambert  Chapel  at  Boyton,  and  probably 
by  the  same  hand.  The  seats  are  stepped  up  towards  the  east. 

The  diagonal  buttresses  were  added  to  the  chancel  in  the  fourteenth 
century,  and  the  mullions  of  the  east  window  appear  to  be  coeval — 
the  head  is  modern.  The  tower  and  the  old  parts  of  the  porch, 
consisting  of  the  mouldett  plinth,  diagonal  buttresses,  cornice,  with 
good  gargoyles,  embattled  parapet,  and  the  outer  doorway  with  the 
sickles — the  Hungerford  badge — in  its  label  terminals,  are  ad- 
mirable specimens  of  late  fourteenth  century  work.  The  tower  is  of 
two  stages  with  well-pronounced  square  stair-turret  on  the  north, 
west  window  of  two  lights  (the  tracery  renewed)  with  label  terminals 
carved  to  represent  a  bishop  and  a  king ;  it  is  crowned  by  a  good 
cornice  with  gargoyles  and  embattled  parapet — the  pinnacles  are 
new.  The  tower  arch  is  of  two  orders  of  mouldings. 

The  two  two-light  windows  and  two  buttresses  of  the  north  aisle 
are  old  features  from  the  nave  walls,  made  up  and  built  in  here. 


278     Notes  on  the  Churches  in  the  Neighbourhood  of  Warminster. 

The  parapet  and  three  windows  on  the  south  of  the  nave  are  doubtless 
made  up  of  old  stones.  An  old  drawing,  dated  1843,  shows  only 
a  two-light  window  eastward  and  westward  of  the  porch,  besides  a 
small  later  window  under  the  last-named  ;  it  also  shows  a  two-light 
square-headed  window  and  a  priests'  door  in  the  south  wall  of  the 
chancel,  since  re-built. 

The  nave  roof,  arcades,  and  chancel  arch  are  new  features  j  the 
porch  was,  as  the  inscription  inside  states,  re-built  by  Maria 
Waldron,  in  memory  of  a  friend  who  died  in  1863.  The  vaulted 
roof  and  inner  doorway  are  part  of  this  work. 

The  ancient  colouring  on  many  of  the  stones  outside  the  north 
wall  of  the  chancel  and  vestry  indicate  their  former  use  in  the 
interior. 

In  the  chancel  stands  a  remarkable  stone  discovered  during  the 
works  of  1864  used  as  a  building  stone  in  the  wall  on  the  north  side 
of  the  chancel  arch.  It  has  been  fully  described  and  illustrated  by 
Dr.  Baron,1  who  says : — 

"  The  subject  has  never  been  satisfactorily  explained,  and  is  still  open  to  in- 
•  vestigation.  Probably,  if  its  date  could  be  approximately  fixed,  it  might  by  a 
comparison  of  contemporary  documents  be  found  to  be  a  conventional  way  of 
representing  some  religious  incident,  e.g.,  Noah  as  the  builder  of  the  ark  and  as 
a  husbandman,  or  the  return  of  the  spies  from  the  promised  land.  In  the  front 
elevation  is  seen  the  figure  of  a  man  holding  in  his  right  hand,  over  his  head,  a 
branch  of  an  apple  or  other  fruit  tree,  and  looking  up  at  it  in  a  very  awkward 
manner;  in  his  left  hand  he  holds  a  mallet,  or  it  may  be  a  wallet.  His  short 
emock  and  his  slipper-shaped  shoes  agree  with  Anglo-Saxon  costume.  The 
bamboo-formed  moulding  or  leaning  pillars  with  which  the  figure  is  enclosed 
appear  also  to  belong  to  the  same  period,  i.e.,  the  tenth  or  eleventh  century,  say 
about  A.D.  1000." 

Dr.  Baron's  sketch  does  not  show  the  pin  which  secures  the  robe 
at  the  neck  in  front.  I  would  only  add  that  I  consider  it  to  be  the 
tapered  shaft  of  a  Saxon  cross  of  the  tenth  century — the  finishing 
off  at  the  top  is  modern  and  in  cement.  The  key  ornament  running 
round  the  upper  part  is  worthy  of  note. 

The  font  is  a  magnificent  specimen  of  early  Norman  work  coeval 
with  the  carved  stones  before  noticed  as  built  into  the  walls.  It  has 
a  rectangular  bowl,  2ft.  6in.  by  2ft.  2in.,  on  a  circular  shaft  and 

1  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vol.  xx.,  p.  138. 


Notes  on  the  Opening  of  a   Tumulus  on  279 

base.  On  the  sides  are  two  rows  of  ornament — the  lower  a  diaper 
pattern  carried  round  and  the  upper  varying-  on  the  four  sides.  It 
retains  the  original  axe  marks  well  preserved. 

Outside  the  chancel  is  the  matrix  of  a  brass — a  single  male  figure, 
and  another  of  a  kneeling  figure  with  motto,  in  the  aisle  floor.  It 
is  interesting  to  see  a  good  specimen  of  a  black-letter  Bible,  dated 
1617,  still  in  use  on  the  lectern.  The  altar  is  the  gift  of  Bishop 
Hamilton  in  1863. 

The  candelabrum  in  the  chancel  is  a  good  modern  copy  of  an  old 
design. 

The  list  of  rectors  goes  back  to  1302. 

The  Royal  arms  over  the  tower  arch  are  those  of  George  I. — 1716. 


on  %  %enittj§  of  a  Ctimttltts  on  Colly 

1893. 


By  the  Rev.  E.  H.  GODDAED. 

jN  the  summit  of  the  hill  connecting  Bidcombe  with  Cold 
Kitchen,  some  889ft.  above  sea-level,  and  commanding 
most  extensive  views  in  every  direction,  in  the  parish  of  Brixton 
Deverill,  but  within  about  six  chains  of  the  borders  of  the  parishes 
of  Kingston  and  Hill  Deverill,  is  a  mound  marked  "  Tumulus"  on 
the  new  6-inch  Ordnance  Map,  and  very  visible  against  the  sky-line 
from  some  miles  off  on  the  Warminster  Road. 

It  is  apparently  to  this  spot  that  reference  is  made  in  Hoare's 
Ancient  Wilts,  vol.  I.,  p.  40,  as  follows  :  — 

"  In  the  year  1803  Mr.  Cunnington  made  some  researches  with  the  spade  on 
this  elevated  summit,  and  on  that  part  which  intervenes  between  Bidcombe  and 
Cold  Kitchen  where  there  are  several  of  those  irregularities  and  verdant  patches 


280  Notes  on  the  Opening  of  a  Tumulus  on 

noticed  in  my  introduction  as  never  failing  proofs  of  ancient  population.  There 
he  found  three  Eoman  coins  (small  brass  Constantino,  Gratian,  and  one  illegible), 
fragments  of  stuccoed  walls  painted  crimson  and  green,  and  a  great  deal  of 
pottery  of  various  sorts,  with  an  ivory  pin ;  the  adjoining  barrow  had  been 
opened  before  as  he  found  pieces  of  an  urn,  burnt  bones,  and  a  pin  or  bodkin  of 
bone,  mixed  indiscriminately  with  the  soil." 

After  these  apparently  unprofitable  excavations  of  Mr.  Cunning- 
ton's,  further  researches  were  left  to  a  colony  of  rabbits,  who  had 
occupied  the  mound  in  force,  and  for  many  years  had  been  engaged 
in  diligently  excavating  it,  with  the  result  that  so  many  objects  of 
one  sort  and  another  were  thrown  out  of  their  burrows  from  time 
to  time  that  in  1892  Mr.  William  Stratton,  of  Kingston  Deverill — 
in  whose  occupation  the  land  is — determined  to  open  the  mound 
again.  This  was  accordingly  done,  and  a  trench  was  cut  through 
it  from  south-west  to  north-east  down  to  the  level  of  the  original 
chalk.  A  good  deal  of  broken  pottery,  a  quantity  of  animal  bones, 
and  several  bone  implements,  as  well  as  the  spoon  and  the  bit  of 
coral,  were  found  at  this  time,  but  the  whole  contents  of  the  mound 
seemed  to  be  disturbed  and  mixed  up  together. 

In  September,  1893,  Mr.  Stratton  asked  me  to  come  to  Kingston 
Deverill  and  assist  at  further  diggings  in  the  mound  to  see  whether 
anything  more  could  be  discovered.  Accordingly  a  party  of  labourers 
were  set  to  work  to  cut  a  trench  at  right  angles  to  the  one  dug  in 
1892 — that  is,  roughly,  from  south-east  to  north-west. 

The  tumulus  itself  is  a  low  spreading  shapeless  mound  covering 
a  large  space  of  ground,  its  greatest  height  in  the  centre  being  5ft. 
to  the  level  of  the  chalk ;  its  diameter  from  south-west  to  north-east 
about  27yds.,  and  that  from  south-east  to  north-west  38yds. 

Doubtless  the  continual  burrowing  of  the  rabbits,  and  the  digging 
of  the  men  who  ferret  them,  as  well  as  the  previous  openings,  had 
done  much  to  increase  this  shapeless  spreading  of  the  mound. 

All  round,  for  50yds.  or  more  in  every  direction,  there  are  de- 
pressions in  the  ground,  some  of  them  circular,  but  the  majority  of 
them  of  irregular  shape.  These  are  evidently  the  sites  of  ancient 
habitations.  I  could  not,  however,  find  any  traces  on  the  surface, 
of  surrounding  ditches  or  works  of  defence.  One  or  two  of  these 
depressions  were  dug  into.  In  one  seventy-four  paces  to  the  west 


Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  1893.  281 

of  the  mound  a  large  deposit  of  oyster-shells  was  found  about  Gin. 
under  the  turf.  In  another,  forty-one  paces  south-west  of  the 
mound,  we  dug  down  4ft.  Gin.  through  rich  Hack  mould — evidently 
the  result  of  ancient  habitation,  for  such  black  mould  could  never 
be  produced  by  merely  natural  causes  at  the  summit  of  a  high  chalk 
down,  on  which,  moreover,  the  natural  soil  above  the  chalk  is  a 
thin  layer  of  reddish  clay  with  flints — before  the  chalk  bottom  was 
reached.  We,  however,  found  but  little  in  these  depressions,  only 
an  iron  fibula,  a  bronze  pin,  some  bones  and  broken  pottery,  and  we 
saw  no  signs  of  stone  foundations  or  of  the  painted  plaster  spoken 
of  by  Mr.  Cunnington  in  1803. 

The  great  majority  of  the  bones,  the  fragments  of  pottery,  and 
the  other  articles  illustrated  in  the  accompanying  plates  came  from 
the  two  trenches  cut  through  the  mound. 

Both  these  were  carried  down  to  the  level  of  the  original  chalk, 
but  no  sign  of  an  interment  below  the  tumulus  was  found.  The 
mound  itself  was  composed  of  made  earth,  with  a  few  pieces  of  stone 
from  the  greensand  which  crops  out  at  the  foot  of  the  hill  near 
Maiden  Bradley  and  Horningsham,  and  throughout  the  whole  mass 
small  veins  and  single  bits  of  charcoal,  quantities  of  animal  bones, 
and  broken  pieces  of  pottery  were  found  scattered  apparently  at 
random.  Indeed,  as  the  rabbit-burrows  went  down  in  places  nearly 
to  the  original  level,  and  as  the  whole  tumulus  was  honeycombed 
with  them,  it  was  impossible  to  say  of  most  of  the  things  found 
whether  they  were  in  their  original  positions  or  not.  So  that  no 
certain  evidence  could  be  gained  as  to  the  age  of  the  mound — for 
the  small  articles  found  3ft.  or  4ft.  deep  might  very  well  have  fallen 
down  rabbit-holes  from  near  the  surface,  whilst,  on  the  other  hand, 
the  rabbits  had  no  doubt  dug  out  many  articles  originally  buried 
deep  below  the  surface.  The  only  things  which  could  not  well  have 
moved  from  the  spot  where  they  were  originally  placed  were  the 
skeletons — or  rather  portions  of  skeletons,  for  the  skulls  and  upper 
parts  could  not  be  found — which  were  discovered  about  2ft.  under  the 
surface,  slightly  to  the  south-east  of  the  centre  of  the  mound,  with 
the  feet  in  one  case  pointing  roughly  to  the  east.  A  couple  of  large 
chalk  flints,  about  a  foot  square,  were  found  just  above  the  skeletons. 


282  Notes  on  the  Opening  of  a   Tumulus  on 

I  did  not  at  the  time  realise  that  the  bones  belonged  to  more  than 
one  individual,  until  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers  pointed  out  that  there  were 
four  os  calces  and  four  astragali,  and  that  therefore  there  must  have 
been  two  skeletons. 

Of  the  animal  bones  I  collected  all  the  complete  examples  that 
were  unearthed  and  submitted  them,  together  with  specimens  of  the 
pottery,  to  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers,  who  has  most  kindly  identified  them 
and  given  me  the  following  notes  upon  them.  He  writes  : — "  I 
have  not  attempted  to  identify  the  broken  bones  or  those  in  which 
the  epiphyses  were  wanting,  which  are  all  young,  and  from  the 
number  of  these  I  imagine  that — as  has  sometimes  been  found  here 
— young  animals  were  a  good  deal  eaten.  The  tibia  of  the  man- 
assuming  it  to  be  male — gives  a  stature  of  about  5ft.  O'Sin.,  and 
therefore  of  the  same  small  size  that  we  have  so  frequently 
here  (near  Rushmore)  in  connection  with  Romano- British  remains. 

"  The  bones  of  ox  show  that  they  were  small  animals  about  the 
size  of  our  Kerry  Cow,  and  less  than  the  Alderney,  in  which  respect 
they  tally  with  those  found  here  in  both  Romano- British  and  Bronze 
Age  remains ;  and  as  the  size  of  the  bones  in  excavations  is  generally 
very  persistent  I  think  we  may  assume  that  that  was  the  prevailing 
size  of  the  ox  both  here  and  there. 

"The  sheep,  judging  chiefly  by  the  metacarpi,  but  also  by  the 
lower  jaws  and  all  the  other  remains,  were  of  the  small  thin-legged 
breed  that  has  been  found  in  excavations  here,  and  which  are  com- 
parable only  with  the  St.  Kilda  breed  of  our  own  time.  An  idea 
may  be  formed  of  the  slenderness  of  the  bones  by  the  fact  that  the 
least  circumference  of  the  metatarsi  is  only  36mm,  whereas  that  of  an 
ordinary  Dorset  ram  is  55mm. 

"  The  remains  of  pig  are  of  small  size,  but  I  think  they  are  all 
young. 

"  The  dog  is  of  the  size  of  a  terrier.1" 

As  I  have  said  above  the  contents  of  the  mound  had  been  so  mixed 
up  that  there  was  no  certainty  that  anything  was  in  its  original 
place.  All  the  coins  were  found  in  the  mound,  that  of  Carausius  on 
the  surface,  that  of  Valens  about  1ft.  Gin.  under  the  surface,  that 
of  Constautine  in  the  earth  thrown  out  from  the  trench.  The 


Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  1893.  283 

sling-stone  and  the  square  bone  counter  came  from  near  the  old 
surface  line.  The  spoon  was  found  in  the  first  trench  cut  in  1892, 
about  2ft.  from  the  surface,  but  in  much-disturbed  soil.  The  coral 
was  picked  up  in  the  soil  thrown  out  of  the  trench,  as  also  was  the 
bronze  ring,  whilst  the  roe  deer's  horn  came  from  a  depth  of  about 
2ft.  in  the  mound. 

As  to  the  age  of  the  mound,  the  majority  of  the  objects  found 
are  certainly  Romano-British  ;  and  as  the  many  references  I  have 
given  to  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers'  volumes  show,  are  of  the  same  age  and 
character  as  those  found  in  the  Romano-British  villages  round 
Rushmore.  Indeed,  it  is  evident  that  this  was  a  similar  settlement. 
The  presence  of  the  worked  flints  proves  nothing — it  is  possible  that 
they  may  have  been  on  the  ground  already  and  have  been  thrown 
up  into  the  mound  with  the  soil ;  or,  as  is  more  probable  perhaps, 
they  may  have  been  used  by  the  Romano-British  people,  for  it  is 
being  recognised  that  there  is  no  hard  and  fast  line  to  be  drawn  as 
to  the  date  at  which  flint  implements  ceased  to  be  used,  for  they 
may  have  continued  in  use  for  some  purposes — certainly  as  "  strike-a- 
lights " — amongst  the  people,  more  especially  in  isolated  localities, 
long  after  the  time  when  even  iron  had  come  into  general  use. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  presence  of  so  much  "  British  "  pottery, 
scattered,  together  with  the  animal  bones,  throughout  the  whole 
mass  of  the  mound — for  the  fragments  of  coarse  hand- made  pottery 
recognised  as  "  late  Celtic  "  or  "  British  "  were  more  numerous  than 
those  of  the  more  advanced  Romano -British  or  Roman — goes  to 
prove  either  that  the  site  of  the  settlement  was  occupied  in  pre- Roman 
times,  and  continued  to  be  occupied  through  the  Roman  period,  or 
that  the  origin  of  the  tumulus  itself,  and  of  the  urns  and  pottery  it 
contained,  was  pre-Roman,  and  that  the  Roman  and  Romano- British 
articles  found  in  it  now  made  their  way  into  it  in  later  times  when 
it  was  surrounded  by  a  Romano- British  settlement. 

It  would  probably  be  possible  to  settle  this  question  by  a  careful 
and  systematic  excavation  of  the  whole  site  of  the  settlement,  which 
it  can  hardly  be  doubted  would  yield  very  interesting  results  if  done 
with  the  necessary  thoroughness  and  care.  Unfortunately  Cold 
Kitchen  Hill  is  not  within  the  range  of  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers' 


284  Notes  on  the   Opening  of  a  Tumulus  on 

archaeological  activity,  and  the  work  would  require  both  more 
money  and  more  experience  on  the  part  of  the  excavators  than 
seems  likely  to  be  forthcoming-  just  now. 

The  whole  of  the  objects  found,  together  with  representative 
specimens  of  the  animal  bones  and  also  of  all  the  different  kinds  of 
pottery,  carefully  labelled  so  as  to  be  available  for  reference,  have, 
by  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Stratton,  been  placed  in  the  Museum ;  as 
has  also  a  bronze  socketed  looped  celt,  with  three  lines  in  relief  on 
the  blade,  which  was  picked  up  by  himself  on  the  surface  of  one  of 
the  old  common  fields  of  the  parish  of  Kingston  Deverill,  towards 
Bradley,  after  an  unusually  deep  ploughing  by  steam  about  the 
year  1871.  It  weighs  5oz.,  and  measures  3jin.  in  length,  and  If  in. 
across  the  broadest  part  of  the  blade. 


Bronze  Celt  from  Kingston  Deverill.      (Two-thirds  actual  size.) 

LIST  OF   OBJECTS   FOUND. 
Coins, 

3rd  brass  of  Valens,  A.D.  364—378.       Very  common. 

Inscription  obliterated. 
1  Billon  coin  of  Carausius,  A.D.  287—293.     The  head  on 

this  coin  is  clear,  but  the  inscription  is  defaced.     Mr. 

J.  W.  Brooke,  of  Marlborough,  reads  it :  IMP.  CARAVSIVS 

AVG.     The  rev.  has   a   figure   holding  cornucopia  and 

scales,  but  the  inscription  is  illegible.      Mr.   Brooke 

states  that  this  coin  is  a  rare  one. 
3rd  brass  coin  of  Constantine,  struck  at  Alexandria,  the 

obv.  reading  CONSTAN  -  TINOPOLIS.     It  is  a  common  type. 

1  This  coin  is  now  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  T.  H.  Baker,  of  Mere  Down. 


7. 


ARTICLES  FOUND  ON  COLD  KITCHEN   HILL,  1893. 

Scale    77  ,  Iciunl  Sl& 


Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  1893.  285 

Iron  Objects. 

No.  1.     A  hinge?  4jin. 
„    2.     Part  of  fibula  or  safety  pin,  3Jin. 
„    3.     Fibula  or  safety  pin,  2|in. 
„    4.     Arrow-head,  3Jin.     Blade  flat,  Jin.  thick. 
„    5.     Knife,  curved,  4jin.  long,  Jin.  wide  at  broadest 

part  of  blade. 

„     6.     Piece  of  iron  bent  into  oval  form,  lin.  x  fin. 

,,15.     A  ring  Ijin.  in  diameter,  on  which  hang  loosely 

four  pendants,  lin.  to  Ijin.  in  length,  of  thin 

flat  iron   cut  off  square  at  the  bottom.     An 

additional  pendant  is  detached.     The  whole 

has  somewhat  the  appearance  of  a  chatelaine, 

but  the  pendants  have  evidently  never  been 

anything  more  than  they  are  now.     It  seems 

to  be  an  ornament  of  some  kind.     I  cannot 

find  any  figure  or  description  of  a  similar  article. 

In  addition  to  these,  five  other  pieces  of  iron  were  found — one  a 

sharply-pointed  article,  3f  in.  long,  may  be  a  broken  stylus,  and  two 

smaller  pieces  are  possibly  sandal  cleats. 

Bronze  Objects. 

No.  7.  King  of  solid  polished  bronze,  very  slightly  cor- 
roded, diameter  liin.,  straight  on  one  side — 
apparently  the  ring  of  a  buckle  or  strap. 

„  8.  Circular  brooch,  with  hinge  pin,  diameter,  lin., 
the  pin  lost.  The  upper  surface  has  been 
covered  with  some  substance  now  so  much 
corroded  that  no  trace  of  pattern  can  be  seen 
except  a  very  small  portion  of  a  kind  of  egg 
and  tongue  moulding  round  the  edge.  A 
precisely  similar  brooch  from  Woodyates  is 
figured  by  Gen.  Pitt- Rivers  in  Excavations, 
vol.  III.,  PI.  clxxxii. 

„    9.     Handle  of  spoon,  4|in.  long. 


286  Notes  on  the  Opening  of  a  Tumulus  on 

„  10.     Pin,  perhaps  of  a  fibula,  3 Jin. 

,,18.  Bracelet  of  two  strands  of  twisted  wire,  with 
hook  fastening,  l|in.  diameter.  This  could 
only  have  fitted  the  wrist  of  a  small  child.  A 
similar  one  is  figured  by  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers, 
from  Bokerly  Dyke.  Excavation*,  vol.  III., 
PI.  clxxv. 
In  addition  a  piece  of  very  thin  sheet  bronze,  6|in.  long,  perfectly 

plain,  was  found,  roughly  squeezed  or  rolled  together. 

. 

Bone  Objects. 

No.  13.  Bone,  bored  hollow  (metatarsus  of  sheep  ?),  cut 
off  at  both  ends,  2£in.  long.  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers 
figures  a  similar  article  from  the  Romano- 
British  village  at  Rotherley  in  Excavations, 
vol.  II.,  PI.  cxvii.  He  suggests  that  it  may 
have  been  used  as  a  bobbin  in  a  shuttle,  as 
such  bones  are  used  still  in  the  Hebrides. 

„  19.  Button?  2 Jin.  x  fin.,  of  thin  bone,  worked  flat 
on  both  sides,  pointed  at  the  ends,  the  edges 
sharpened,  with  two  holes  Jin.  apart  drilled 
through  the  centre. 

„  14.  Square  article,  lin.  across,  edges  rounded,  roughly 
flattened  on  inside — the  outside  has  the  slight 
natural  curve  of  the  bone.  May  be  a  counter 
for  some  game.  Two  circular  disks  found  at 
Rotherley  are  figured  by  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers  in 
Excavations,  vol.  III.,  PI.  clxxiv.  Four  small 
square  counters  found  in  barrow  No.  20  on 
Lake  Down  are  figured  in  Ancient  Wilts,  vol. 
I.,  PI.  xxxi. 

„  20.  Six  gouges  ?  or  parts  of  ditto,  formed  by  slicing 
off  to  a  point  the  metatarsal  bone  of  a  sheep ; 
the  knuckle  end  of  three  of  them  being 
pierced  with  a  hole  for  convenience  of 


14- 


1 6. 


15- 


'7- 


18 


21. 


ARTICLES    FOUND    ON    COLD    KITCHEN    HILL,    1893. 
SCALE    TWO-THIRDS    ACTUAL    SIZE. 


Various.  • 


Cold  Kitchen  Rill,  1893.  287 

suspension.  Two  similar  gouges  from 
Wilsford  Down  are  in  the  Museum. 

An  awl,  the  point  broken  off,  3Jin. 

A  flat  rib-bone  worked  to  a  point  at  one  end, 
and  a  second  flat  piece,  also  worked. 


,,11.  Roughly  worked  piece  of  hard  chalk,  fin.  in 
diameter,  Jin.  thick,  circular  depression  in 
centre  on  each  side.  A  counter  for  a  game? 

„  12.  Part  of  well-turned  bracelet  of  oval  section  2f  in. 
long,  apparently  of  Kimmeridge  shale.  A 
similar  portion  of  another,  of  the  same  ma- 
terial, 2 fin.  long,  thicker,  and  with  a  sharp 
edge  on  one  side,  is  not  figured. 
Half  an  earthenware  bead,  or  spindle  whorl, 
diameter  lin. 

,,17.  A  sling-stone  of  earthenware,  If  in.  length  x 
lin.  in  diameter,  egg-shaped  and  pointed  at 
both  ends.  Five  similar  sling-stones  of 
earthenware,  found  in  a  Romano- British 
dwelling-pit  at  Beckhampton  Down,  in  1884, 
are  in  the  Devizes  Museum — with  a  stone  one 
in  modern  use  in  New  Caledonia  of  the  same 
form  for  comparison.  Others  are  figured  by 
Gen.  Pitt- Rivers  in  his  Excavations,  vol.  III., 
PI.  ccxii.,  No.  7,  and  in  Archaologia,  vol.  xlvi., 
p.  46' 7,  the  latter  from  pits  in  Mount  Cabum 
camp,  near  Lewes.  Others  found  in  pits  at 
Highfield  are  in  the  Salisbury  Museum. 

,,16.  A  branch  of  red  coral,  worked  with  two  lines 
round  the  bottom  and  one  line  round  the 
end  of  the  projection.  A  bracelet  of  fourteen 
beads  of  pink  coral  is  figured  by  Gen.  Pitt- 
Rivers,  Excavations,  vol.  I.,  PI.  xliv.,  from 
the  Romano-British  village  of  Woodcuts  ;  and 


288  Notes  on  the  Opening  of  a   Tumulus  on 

a  necklace  of  beads  of  the  same  material  from 
Padstow,  Cornwall,  found  with  Roman  re- 
mains., is  figured  in  Arehaological  Journal, 
xvii.,  315.  This  material  is  rarely  found. 
„  21.  Spoon  of  white  metal,  in  perfect  preservation, 
quite  uncorroded,  of  late  Roman  type,  the 
handle  joined  to  the  bowl  by  the  usual  curved 
attachment.  The  bowl  IJin  long  x  IJin.  in 
breadth.  The  handle  4jin.  long,  octagonal  in 
section,  straight  and  pointed.  The  bowl  shows 
considerable  signs  of  use  by  a  right-handed 
person. 

Two  precisely  similar  spoons  are  figured  in 
Hoare's  Ancient  Wilts.  Another,  with  a  spiral 
handle,  found  at  Bokerly,  is  figured  in  Ex- 
cavations, vol.  III.,  PI.  clxxv.,  of  which  Gen. 
Pitt-R/ivers  remarks  : — <c  Similar  spoons  have 
been  frequently  found  among  Roman  remains, 
and  were  used  for  eating  eggs.  The  point  at 
the  end  of  the  shank  was  used  for  picking 
snails  out  of  their  shells,  these  being  a  com- 
mon article  of  food  among  the  Romans/' 

Flint  Objects. 

Only  three  worked  flints  were  found.  A  finger-shaped 
"  strike-a-light "  of  brown  cherty  flint,  3|in.  in  length, 
bruised  by  use  at  the  end,  and  two  very  roughly-made 
"  scrapers  "  of  black  flint,  only  slightly  worked  on  one 
edge. 

A  good  many  flints  which  had  been  burnt  were  found- 
possibly  they  may  have  been  used  as  pot  boilers. 

Stone  Objects. 

An  irregular-shaped  piece  of  hard  sandy  chert?  7in.  x 
7iin.,  rubbed  smooth  on  one  edge,  and  showing  hollowed 
marks  of  rubbing  on  its  upper  surface. 


Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  1893.  289 

A  broken  flat  rubber  S^in.  x  4fin.  and  Ijin.  thick,  rubbed 
very  smooth  on  one  side,  and  partially  so  on  the  other. 
Fine-grained  sandstone.  ?  Sarsen. 

A  small  portion  of  a  similar  rubber,  IJin.  thick,  rubbed 
smooth  on  both  sides. 

The  Pottery, 

The  fragments  of  pottery  were  also  submitted  to  Gen. 
Pitt-Rivers,  who  has  carefully  noted  and  described  the 
different  kinds. 

British.  Many  fragments  of  British  "  No.  1  Quality/* 
having  large  grains  of  flint,  chalk,  or  shell  in  its  com- 
position. This  quality  is  generally  found  with  British 
remains,  but  it  is  also  found  occasionally  with  remains 
of  the  Roman  period.  In  this  case  there  is  a  hardness 
about  most  of  it  which  leads  to  the  inference  that  it 
might  be  of  the  Roman  period,  but  it  is  hand-made. 

Many  fragments  of  British  "  No.  2  Quality, "  having  few 
if  any  large  grains  in  its  composition.  This  is  the 
quality  of  which  British  urns  are  generally  composed, 
It  is  hand-made,  not  lathe-turned.  A  portion  of  the 
bottom  of  a  vessel  apparently  of  this  quality  has  three 
holes  drilled  in  it.  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers  has  found  many 
such  perforated  vessels  in  his  excavations. 

Romano-British.  Two  or  three  fragments  of  a  red  brown 
ware,  hand-made,  tooled  on  the  outside,  with  a  high 
polish,  with  plain  unbeaded  rim,  unlike  anything  found 
at  Rotherley  or  Woodcuts,  but  identical  with  the  material 
of  the  "  food  vessels  "  in  the  Museum,  from  a  pit  on 
Oldbury  Hill.  Probably  Romano- British. 

Fragment  of  red  brick-coloured  pottery,  without  sand  in, 
it — late  British,  or  Romano- British. 

Fragments  of  Romano- British  pots  with  bead  rims,  similar 
to  fragments  abundant  at  Rotherley  and  Woodcuts. 

Fragments  of  blackish  pottery,  probably  Romano- British, 

VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXXI.  X 


290  Notes  on  ike  Opening  of  a   Tmnulus. 

no  sand  in  its  composition,  and  hand-made,  similar  to 

pottery  at  Kotberley  and  Woodcuts. 
One   fragment  of  brownish  red,  hand-made,  much  tooled 

inside,  no  sand,  burnt  very  hard,  unlike  anything  found 

at  villages  near  Rushmore. 
One  fragment   of  thin,  well-burnt  ware,  grey  in  centre, 

with   brown   glaze  or  polish   on  outside,,  tooled  inside, 

unlike  anything  found  at  villages  near  llushmore. 

Roman.  Five  very  small  fragments  of  red  Samian,  best 
quality,  one  having  the  ordinary  festoon  pattern. 

One  fragment  of  imitation  Samian  ? 

One  fragment  of  hard  lathe-turned  "  New  Forest  Ware," 
reddish  black  outside,  grey  inside,  fluted. 

Several  fragments  of  grey  lathe-turned  pottery  called  by 
Gen.  Pitt-Rivers  "  Thin  Grey,  hard  quality." 

Several  fragments  of  lathe-turned  rims,  Roman,  or  Romano- 
British  grey  ware. 

Two  small  fragments  of  red  colour  in  the  largeness  of  the  grains 
resemble  "  British,  No.  1,"  but  the  polish  is  peculiar.  Unlike  any- 
thing found  about  Rushmore.  Probably  late  British  or  Romano- 
British. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  bones  identified  by  Gen.  Pitt- Rivers  : 

Ox.     One  tibia  of  small  young  ox. 

One  metatarsus  of  very  small  ox — rather  smaller  than  Kerry  Cow. 

One  metatarsus  of  small  ox— a  little  larger  than  Kerry  Cow,  and  smaller 

than  the  Alderuey  Cow. 
Seven  teeth.     One  horn  of  small  ox  cut  off. 
Three  digits  of  small  ox— size  of  Kerry  Cow. 

Pig.     Three  teeth,  and  eight  fragments  of  upper  and  lower  jaws  of  small  pigs. 
Dog.    One  tooth,  and  one  fragment  of  lower  jaw — size  of  terrier. 

Sheep.     Two  teeth.     One  fragment  of  horn. 

One  lower  jaw  of  small  sheep— a  little  larger  than  St.  Kilda. 

Two  lower  jaws  of  small  sheep — size  of  St.  Kilda. 

Eight  fragments  of  lower  jaws  of  small  sheep. 

Two  metatarsi  of  young  sheep, 

Two  nietacarpiof  sheep— size  of  St,  Kilda  ram,  height,  1ft.  ll|in. 


Notes  on  Food-Vessels  from  Oldbury  Hill.  291 

Three  metacarpi  of  sheep  a  little  larger  than  St.  Kilda  ram. 

Two  metacarpi  of  young  sheep  (small). 

Two  metacarpi  of  young  sheep— larger  and  stouter  animal  than  St.  Kilda. 

One  radius  of  small  sheep. 

One  fragment  of  tibia  of  small  sheep. 

Goat.  Two  horns. 
Koe  Deer.  Horn. 
Red  Deer  ?  Fragment  of  tine. 

The  Human  bones  included  tibia,  pelvis,  fibula,  radius,  clavicle,  four  os 
calces,  and  four  astragali.  Only  the  left  tibia  could  be  measured ;  its 
length  was  360  millimetres. 


mi  $99b*Wtm\8  from  (SIbktg 

By  W.  CUNNINGTON,  F.G.S. 

June,  1890,  the  Rev.  W.  C.  Plenderleath  was  informed 
that  the  flint-diggers  on  Oldbury  Hill  had  found  some 
ancient  British  remains.  On  reaching  the  spot  he  was  fortunate  in 
securing  a  perfect  food- vessel,  with  its  contents;  and,  by  dint  of  much 
searching,  he  obtained  a  quantity  of  fragments  of  two  other  similar 
vessels.  These,  with  three  "  loom-weights  "  (described  below)  and 
a  considerable  quantity  of  bones  of  sheep,  deer,  ox,  and  hog  (but 
no  human  bones)  were  found  in  a  pit  some  6ft.  below  the  surface, 
just  within  the  ramparts  of  Oldbury  Camp,  and  about  100yds.  south 
of  the  monument.  The  surface  of  the  turf  at  this  spot  was  quite 
smooth,  with  nothing  to  show  that  a  pit-dwelling  existed  below,  but 
the  finding  of  the  articles  just  mentioned,  in  a  pit  of  such  a  depth, 
sufficiently  proves  that  it  was  one  of  the  ancient  habitations  which 
abound  within  the  camp — some  of  which  have  been  opened  and 

x  2 


292  Nates  on  Food-Vessels  from   Oldlury  Hill. 

described  in  Wilts  Mag.)  vol.  xxiii.1  The  perfect  food  or  cooking- 
vessel  was  exhibited  by  Mr.  Plenderleath  at  the  Annual  Meeting 
of  the  Society,  at  Devizes,  in  1890  (Wills  Mag.,  xxv.  p.  248).  The 
undisturbed  condition  of  its  contents  raised  expectations  that  some 
interesting  relics  might  be  found  in  it.  This,  however,  proved  to 
be  an  antiquaries'  disappointment.  On  removing  the  chalky  soil 
from  the  top  of  the  vessel  it  was  found  to  be  three-parts  full  of  a 
very  fine  sandy  earth,  resembling  in  appearance  ordinary  Portland 
cement.  This  has  been  analysed  by  Mr.  Powell,  of  Denmark  Hill, 
and  found  to  consist  of  fine  siliceous  sand,  some  carbonate  of  lime 
and  alumina,  with  a  small  quantity  of  iron.  It  may  possibly  be 
silt  from  some  brook  or  river.  Mixed  throughout  this  fine  earth 
were  many  small  fragments  of  bone  which  had  been  more  or  less 
burnt.  Professor  C.  Stuart,  of  the  Royal  College  of  Surgeons,  has 
kindly  examined  these  remains,  and  reports  that  "  none  of  the 
fragments  are  of  human  bone,  and  the  small  rounded  one  is  the 
internal  sesamoid  of  some  ungulate — probably  red-deer." 

There  are  three  holes,  carefully,  though  not  symmetrically,  bored 
in  the  bottom  of  this  vessel.  They  are  counter-sunk  on  both  sides. 
When  found  these  holes  were  covered  over  with  little  thin  plates  of 
burnt  clay,  two  of  which  are  preserved.  The  holes  themselves  were 
filled  with  the  ordinary  chalky  earth. 

Vessels  with  similar  perforations  in  the  bottom  have  been  found 
by  Gen.  Pitt- Rivers  in  some  numbers  in  the  Romano- British  villages 
of  Rotherley  and  Woodcuts  (see  "  Excavations ")  and  a  fragment 
with  three  holes  in  it  from  Cold  Kitchen  Hill  (see  above,  p.  289)  is  in 
the  Museum.  Such  vessels  are  supposed  to  have  been  used  for 

1  The  number  of  these  pit-dwellings  within  the  area  of  the  camp  proves  that 
this  stronghold  must  have  been  much  used  in  troublous  times,  by  the  ancient 
population. 

The  detached  entrenched  camps  which  occupy  the  tops  of  many  of  our  highest 
hills  were  probably  not  originally  intended  as  parts  of  a  system  of  defence  for 
the  county  generally.  The  inhabitants  (who,  doubtless,  in  times  of  peace  oc- 
cupied the  valleys,  where  food  and  water  were  abundant.)  would  avail  themselves 
of  the  temporary  security  afforded  by  the  strong  entrenchment,  when  the  neigh- 
bouring district  was  overrun  or  threatened  by  invading  hordes.  This  view  of 
the  subject  entirely  coincides  with  the  opinions  expressed  by  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers, 
in  his  work  on  the  Hill  Forts  of  Sussex  (Arckceologia,  xl.,  11). 


Notes  on  Food- Fessels  from   Qldbury  Hill.  293 

draining  the  moisture  from  various  articles  of  food,  or  possibly 
draining  honey  from  the  comb. 

From  the  fragments  of  pottery  we  were  able  successfully  to  restore 
one  vessel  and  half  of  another.  The  three  are  of  the  same  size- 
about  4in.  in  height  and  5  Jin.  in  width,  of  simple  bowl  shape,  two 
of  them  with  almost  straight  sides,  and  square  rims,  the  other 
slightly  wider  at  the  top  than  at  the  base,  without  ornamentation 
or  handles,  resembling  in  general  appearance  and  size,  the  example 
found  in  a  dwelling-hole  within  the  same  camp  by  the  late  Mr.  H. 
Cunnington  (see  Wilts  Mag.,  xxiii.,  217).  They  are  hand-made  of 
very  fine  well-burnt  clay,  probably  of  Romano-British  date,  and  it 
is  only  by  close  examination  that  it  can  be  seen  that  they  were  not 
turned  on  the  wheel.  Two  of  them  are  of  a  reddish  brown  colour, 
carefully  tooled  and  polished  on  the  outside,  the  pottery  of  which 
they  are  composed  being  identical  with  fragments  found  on  Cold 
Kitchen  Hill,  1893,  now  in  the  Museum  (see  p.  289),  but  unlike 
anything  known  to  Gen.  Pitt- Rivers  from  the  villages  near  Rushmore. 

Of  the  three  "  loom-weights "  before  mentioned,  two  are  formed 
of  hard  chalk  and  one  of  a  stone  resembling  the  calcareous  concretions 
found  in  the  Oxford  Clay.  They  are  precisely  like  those  from 
Westbury,  already  in  the  Society's  Museum — rudely  formed, 
flattened  on  two  sides  and  tapering  to  one  end,  where  a  hole  is  bored 
for  suspension.1 

Oldbury  Hill  abounds  with  remains  of  the  ancient  inhabitants, 
and  many  interesting  relics  would  reward  the  further  researches  of 
the  antiquary.  The  depression  mentioned  by  the  Rev.  A.  C.  Smith, 
Antiq.  North  Wills,  p.  96,  should  be  examined,  and  the  whole  area 
of  the  camp  trenched  throughout. 

[The  illustration  of  the  two  most  perfect  of  the  vessels  is  from  a  photograph  by 
the  Rev.  B.  W.  Bradford.] 


1  A  set  of  about  twenty  of  *  these  weights  was  found  in  the  excavations  at 
Westbury  Iron  Works.  They  were  unfortunately  exposed  to  the  frost,  and 
with  .the  exception  of  those  which  are  now  in  the  Museum  were  shivered  to  pieces. 


294 


otes  on  %  §i$£ofmvg  of 

ottetg  at  Ijjroomsgvo&e,  JJliltoit, 

By  B.  H.  CUNNINGTON,  F.S.A.  Scot. 
[Bead  at  the  War  minster  Meeting  of  the  Society,  1893.] 

iOWARDS  the  end  of  March,  1893,  a  man  digging  for  road- 
material  on  Broomsgrove  Farm,  near  Milton,  Pewsey,  in 
the  occupation  of  Mr.  William  Kingston,  found,  at  the  depth  of 
about  16in.  from  the  surface  of  the  ground,  a  quantity  of  black 
earth,  that  had  apparently  been  burnt;  digging  a  little  further 
down,  this  black  earth  was  found  to  be  mixed  with  many  fragments 
of  broken  pottery,  and  he  shortly  discovered  a  large  urn  in  an  in- 
verted position  but  unfortunately  much  broken.  He  brought  the 
matter  to  the  notice  of  his  master,  Mr.  Kingston,  who,  knowing 
the  interest  taken  in  such  discoveries  by  our  Society,  communicated 
with  me  on  the  subject  at  once. 

On  reaching  the  spot  we  made  a  careful  examination  of  the  place 
and  its  surroundings,  and  ultimately  came  to  the  conclusion  that 
this  had  not  been  used  as  a  burial-place,  as  we  did  not  find  any 
remains  of  animal  matter  with  the  exception  of  two  small  bones 
that  have  been  identified  as  those  of  a  sheep  and  had  been  broken 
longitudinally,  presumably  for  extraction  of  the  marrow.  Besides 
these  two  pieces  there  was  nothing  but  fragments  of  pottery  mixed 
with  sooty  matter — charcoal,  wood  ashes,  &c. ;  the  urn  itself  being 
tightly  filled  with  the  black  earth  only.1 

Although  the  urn  was  very  much  broken  we  were  able  to  find  a 
great  many  of  the  pieces,  which  later  on  I  put  together,  making 
the  vessel  fairly  complete. 

The  digger  still  continued  his  course  of  work,  and  three  days 

1 1  may  add  that,  whilst  digging  out  the  sandstone  rock  for  the  road  repairs, 
many  specimens  of  fossil  sponges  were  found. 


Two  FOOD-VESSELS  FROM  OLDBURY  HILL. 
PAGE   291. 


Two  URNS  FOUND  AT  BROOMSGROVE  FARM,   NEAR  MILTON,   PEWSEY. 

PAGE    294. 


Notes  on  the  Discovert/  of  Romano- British  Kilns  and  Pottery.  295 

afterwards,  whilst  excavating  laterally  and  in  a  southerly  direction, 
he  found,  6yds.  from  the  spot  where  he  discovered  the  first  urn,  more 
black  earth,  and  partially  uncovered  another  urn,  which  was  inverted 
like  the  one  first  discovered,  and  about  12in.  below  the  surface  of 
the  ground.  It  was  very  much  broken  up — probably  some  farm 
implement  had  struck  it  in  past  years.  It  was  left  in  situ,  till  I 
had  an  opportunity  of  visiting  the  spot.  After  removing  more 
of  the  earth  we  found  that  the  urn  was  encased  in  a  hole  lined  with 
clay,  which  had  evidently  been  burnt.  In  this  hole  were  a  large 
number  of  pieces  of  pottery.  The  hole  was  globular  in  shape. 
Near  the  surface,  or  upper  part,  the  cavity  measured  2ft.  Gin. 
across,  and  its  diameter  was  3ft.  Gin.  in  the  widest  part — near 
the  centre.  The  depth  was  2ft.  Gin.  The  burnt  clay  lining 
averaged  2Jin.  in  thickness.  The  appearances  indicated  that  the 
clay  had  been  fixed  in  position  in  the  cavity  whilst  soft,  and  that 
afterwards  a  fire  had  been  lighted  and  kept  alight  for  a  considerable 
time,  as  the  clay  was  baked  quite  through,  and  had  burnt  to  a  decided 
red  brick  colour.1 

This  kihr,  as  it  may  be  called,  was  filled  to  the  top  with  black 
burnt  earth  and  innumerable  bits  of  pottery  surrounding  the  urn. 
In  clearing  out  this  stuff  a  flint  knife,  or  scraper,  was  found,  and  ono 
or  two  small  fragments  of  Samian  pottery,  together  with  several 
small  sharp-pointed  fragments  of  flint  like  small  drills. 

Having  cleared  this  kiln  out  completely  it  was  found  to  be  con- 
nected with  a  small  channel,  or  flue,  about  1ft.  wide  and  lift,  deep, 
about  half-way  up  the  north  wall  of  the  cavity,  and  pursuing  this 
some  little  distance  another  kiln  was  discovered,  and  in  its  centre 
another  urn,  similar  in  shape  to  the  first  found  though  much  smaller. 
This  also  was  inverted  and  surrounded  with  pieces  of  pottery,  burnt 
wood,  &c. 

This  kiln  was  much  the  same  in  shape  as  the  other  one,  though 
the  thickness  of  the  earth  above  it  was  only  about  9iu.  At  its 
widest  part  its  diameter  was  32in.,  the  depth  was  27in.,  and  the 
thickness  of  the  clay  lining  at  the  bottom  2 Jin.  In  some  places 

1  Specimens  of  this  clay  lining,  now  in  the  Museum j  show  the  marks  of- the 
sticks,  fern  leaves,  &c.,  impressed  upou  it  when  the  clay  was  wet. 


296  Notes  on  the  Discovery  of  Romano- British  Kilns  and  Pottery 

the  clay  lining  measured  t3in.,  and  in  others  under  2in.,  showing 
great  inequality. 

The  urn  had  apparently  been  imperfectly  baked,  and  fell  to  pieces 
when  it  was  removed.  I  have  since  been  able  to  restore  it,  and  it 
is  by  far  the  best  example,  as  it  is  quite  complete  except  a  small 
piece  of  the  rim.1 

These  kilns  were  apparently  in  a  row  and  connected  with  each  other 
by  flues,  or  narrow  channels.  Pursuing  the  last  kiln  northwards  it  was 
found  to  get  narrower  as  the  excavation  proceeded ;  4ft.  from  the  en- 
trance, or  rather,  the  side  which  I  first  came  upon  it,  it  measured 
32in.  across,  and  two  feet  further  on  25in.,  and  further  on  still  it  ulti- 
mately contracted  to  14in.  It  therefore  was  not  so  globular  as  the 
previous  kiln,  but  shaped  more  like  an  egg  set  lengthways.  I  did 
not  excavate  further,  as  it  appeared  that  at  this  point  we  had  reached 
the  end  of  the  series  of  kilns  in  that  direction.  I,  however,  made 
another  excavation  19ft.  in  a  direct  line  from  this  kiln,  and  found  a 
small  flue  or  channel  which  seemed  to  be  a  continuation  of  the  small 
passage  leading  from  the  kiln.  It  was  filled  with  black  earth  and 
bits  of  pottery,  and  was  about  16in.  below  the  surface.  A  similar 
excavation  10ft.  further  northward  produced  similar  results.  An 
excavation  at  another  10ft.  to  the  north  led  to  no  results.  The 
growing  crops  prevented  an  extensive  system  of  trenches. 

In  addition  to  the  urns  and  numerous  pieces  of  pottery,  masses  of 
a  fine  clayey  mixture,  turf  fibres,  and  pieces  of  burnt  clay  were 
found. 

The  upper  greensand  stratum  at  Broomsgrove  contains  horizontal 
bands  of  sandstone  and  cherty  rock,  probably  corresponding  to  the 
"  Potterne  Rock  "  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Devizes  and  elsewhere, 
as  described  by  Mr.  Jukes-Brown  in  Wilts  Mag.,  vol.  xxv.,  p.  322. 
These  horizontal  layers  would  greatly  facilitate  the  construction  of 
the  globular-shaped  kilns,  as  they  would  to  a  considerable  extent 
prevent  the  falling  in  of  the  looser  sand. 

Taking  into  consideration  the  discovery  as  a  whole,  together  with 
its  situation,  we  may  safely  draw  the  following  conclusions  : — the 

1  This  is  the  smaller  of  the  two  urns  in  the  accompanying  illustration. 


at  Broomsffrove,  Milton,  Pewsey.  297 

urns  found  and  since  put  together  are  what  are  known  as  culinary 
or  domestic  urns,  intended  to  be  used  for  carrying1  or  storing  water, 
corn,  &c.,  or  any  other  of  the  domestic  purposes  to  which  vessels  of 
such  construction  and  capacity  might  be  put.  The  smallness  of  the 
mouths  of  the  urns  compared  with  their  size  and  capacity,  and  the 
almost  entire  absence  of  any  animal  remains,  points  to  the  conclusion 
that  this  was  not  a  place  of  interment,  but  a  place  used  for  the 
manufacture  of  domestic  articles  of  pottery. 

The  urns  appear  to  have  been  made  on  a  potter's  wheel,  though 
some  of  the  pieces  are  so  very  roughly  treated  that  it  leaves  room 
for  doubt  as  to  their  having  been  thus  worked.  Some  of  the  smaller 
and  more  delicate  pieces  of  pottery  look  as  if  they  formed  parts  of 
small  vessels  such  as  cups,  dishes,  &c.,  for  domestic  uses. 

Two  of  the  urns  have  each  two  lines  running  round  them,  which 
look  as  if  they  had  been  produced  by  the  pressure  of  a  stick,  whilst 
on  the  wheel.  These  lines  are  themselves  irregular,  and  have  between 
them  certain  irregular  lines  and  strokes  which  may  have  been  in- 
tended for  ornamentation.  They  are,  however,  not  at  all  conspicuous. 

The  last  of  the  urns  discovered  has  two  lines  running  most  of  the 
way  round  it,  with  an  interval  of  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  between 
them.  These  two  lines  first  run  into  each  other  and  then  disappear 
entirely  before  completing  the  circuit  of  the  urn. 

The  largest  urn — the  first  found — measures  in  height  19jin., 
with  a  diameter  of  10|in.  across  the  rim,  in  the  widest  part,  Com- 
pared with  its  size  the  base  of  this  urn  is  remarkably  small,  being 
only  about  6in.  across.  It  is  so  beautifully  and  symmetrically  shaped, 
however,  and  stands  so  firmly,  that  there  is  little  or  no  risk  of  its 
toppling  over.1 

All  the  urns  are  very  much  altered  in  shape  through  pressure, 
both  lateral  and  vertical,  caused  probably  by  variations  of  the 
seasons.  Not  being  very  deep  below  the  surface  they  were  no  doubt 
affected  by  frosts,  and  being  only  partially  burnt  were  in  a  somewhat 
soft  state  when  first  exposed  to  the  air. 

The  largest  urn  is  burnt  somewhat  red  round  the  rim  and  shoulder, 

1  This  is  the  larger  of  the  two  urns  in  the  accompanying  illustration. 


298  Notes  on  the  Discovery  of  Romano-  British  Kilns  and  Pottery 

but  lower  down  the  hardening*  process  appears  to  have  had  less  effect. 
In  thickness  this  urn  varies  very  much,  in  some  places  it  is  fin. 
thick  and  in  others  not  Jin.  The  bottom — which  one  would  naturally 
suppose  to  be  the  thickest  part,  measures  about  lin. 

The  other  urns  are — like  the  largest  one — only  partially  burnt 
and  in  an  irregular  degree  over  the  whole  surface,  but  their  rims 
appear  to  have  been  subjected  to  the  greatest  heat. 

The  urns  appear  to  have  been  made  of  a  fine  clay  or  clay-puddle 
mixed  with  grit,  and  the  greater  part  o£  the  surface  when  baked  is 
grey  or  black. 

Large  urns  for  storing  corn  and  other  products,  some  much  ex- 
ceeding in  size  those  we  have  found,  are  still  made  in  Morocco  and 
other  parts  of  Africa  and  in  South  America.  At  Tetuan  huge  jars 
are  still  made  and  fired  in  rude  furnaces,  which,  judging  from  the 
description  given  in  a  short  paper  in  a  recent  publication,  must 
resemble  in  a  great  degree  the  Wiltshire  kilns  of  which  I  have 
spoken. 

Archdeacon  Farrar,  in  conversation  with  one  of  the  Members  of 
our  Society,  informed  him  that  the  method  of  digging  an  oven  in 
the  earth  and  connecting  it  with  a  channel  to  serve  as  a  flue  had 
been  commonly  adopted  by  the  Jews  when  camping-  round  Jerusalem, 
before  the  Passover ;  and  I  would  draw  attention  to  the  fact  that 
the  same  method  of  making  an  oven  is  used  in  the  British  army 
to-day  when  engaged  in  a  campaign. 


In  October,  1893,  I  again  visited  Broomsgrove  and  unearthed 
half  of  the  top  stone  of  a  large  quern,  measuring  2^ft.  across  and 
about  6in.  in  depth.  It  has  an  oblong  groove  cut  from  the  central 
hole  to  the  depth  of  about  lin.,  2^in.  long,  and  lin.  wide.  The 
inner  surface  of  this  quern  is  very  much  worn  and  scored,  and  it 
appears  to  me  possible  that  it  was  used  for  grinding  and  mixing 
the  clay  from  which  the  urns  were  made. 

A  short  time  before  a  beautifully  shaped  vase  of  red  ware  was 
unearthed  about  5in.  below  the  surface  and  a  few  yards  from  where 
the  kilns  were  discovered.  This  little  vase  had  originally  been 
glazed,  but  most  of  the  glazing  had  shaled  off.  It  stands  4|in. 


at  Broomsgrove,  "Milton,  Pewsey.  299 

high,  and  is  about  IJin.  across  the  mouth,  2|in.  across  the  body  in 
the  widest  part,  and  lin.  across  the  base.  About  IJiti.  from  the 
mouth  there  is  a  small  raised  band  or  ridge  running  round  the  vase, 
and  from  this  band  downwards  there  are  twelve  rows  of  twelve 
indentations  each,  irregular  in  their  distance  from  one  another, 
though  the  rows  are  equidistant  from  one  another.  There  is  just  a 
vestige  of  a  rim  round  the  mouth,  but  it  is  very  slight. 

A  small  vase  almost  exactly  like  it  in  size  and  construction  was 
found  in  the  Pans  Lane  Potteries,  Devizes,  many  years  ago,  and  is 
now  in  our  Museum  at  Devizes. 


On  March  16th,  1894,  further  excavations  produced  an  urn 
measuring  5|in.  high  and  T^in.  across  the  shoulder.  It  has  a  very 
wide  mouth,  and  a  narrow  thin  upright  rim  about  Jin.  in  depth. 
It  was  not  quite  perfect,  and  had  been  crushed  somewhat,  probably 
by  agricultural  implements ;  I  managed,  however,  to  repair  it,  and 
it  is  now  fairly  complete, 

At  the  same  time  I  found  several  distinct  types  of  pottery,  which 
I  sent  to  General  Pitt- Rivers  for  identification.  He  has  been  kind 
enough  to  send  me  the  following  particulars  and  descriptions  :— 
"  The  grey  pottery  is  very  interesting  as  it  exactly  resembles  the 
quality  of  ware  found  in  the  interior  of  the  ramparts  of  Wansdyke 
and  is  thus  described  in  the  relic  table  of  Excavations,  vol.  III.  :— 
f  Grey,  without  quartz  sand,  but  with  occasional  grains  of  quartz 
and  large  grains  of  stone  and  other  materials,  apparently  cinders ; 
of  various  thicknesses  and  apparently  without  ornamentation.''  " 

This  pottery  is  also  mentioned  in  Excavations,  vol.  III.,  p.  32,  where 
Gen.  Pitt-Rivers  speaks  of  the  desirability  of  ascertaining  the  locality 
of  the  kilns  in  which  it  is  fabricated.  The  passage,  which  I  am 
permitted  to  quote,  is  as  follows  :•— 

**  The  other  qualities  [in  addition  to  Saurian]  of  C.  R.  B.  and  G.  are  new,  and 
peculiar  to  Wansdyke,  and  although  they  are  the  same  in  both  sections  and  the 
entrenchment  at  Brown's  Barn,  they  differ  entirely  from  the  common  kinds  of 
pottery  of  Woodcuts,  Rotherley,  and  Woodyates. 

"  It  appears  probable  that  all  these  common  kinds  were  made  in  local  kilns, 
and,  until  the  kilns  are  discovered,  their  sources  must  remain  unknown." 


300  Notes  on  the  Discovert/  of  Romano- British  Kilns  and  Pottery 

It  may  be  interesting  to  state  here  that  the  Broomsgrove  kilns 
are  situated  at  about  a  mile  and  three-quarters  due  south  of  the 
nearest  point  of  Wansdyke,  and  about  seven  and  a  half  miles  east 
of  Brown's  Barn  and  the  entrenchment  there. 

Continuing  the  description  of  the  pottery  sent,  Gen.  Pitt-Rivers 
says  : — "  Most  of  the  pottery  seems  to  be  Romano-British,  and  one 
fragment  of  a  flat  convex  bottomed  saucer  is  Roman,  but  I  have 
found  nothing  at  Rushmore  exactly  like  it." 

Gen.  Pitt-Rivers  further  adds,  that,  in  connection  with  possible 
future  excavations,  "  It  would  be  interesting  if  in  working  out  these 
kilns  you  can  by  any  possibility  identify  the  pottery  with  coins  of 
any  kind  found  in  the  kilns.  It  would  afford  a  date  for  this  pottery 
and  for  that  found  in  Wansdyke.  The  peculiarity  of  the  pottery  is 
the  black  grains  in  it,  apparently  of  cinder,  which  peculiarity  I  have 
not  found  in  any  of  the  qualities  of  pottery  found  about  Rushmore." 

In  his  preface  to  Excavations  in  Bokerley  awl  Ifansdyke,  vol.  III., 
Gen.  Pitt- Rivers  says  : — 

"  The  grains  of  stone,  quartz,  sand,  flint,  shell,  and  other  substances,  mixed 
up  in  considerable  quantities  in  pottery'of  a  commoner  kind  to  prevent  its  cracking 
in  the  fire  may  be  traced  to  their  original  beds,  and  will  probably  afford,  when 
properly  studied,  a  clue  to  the  district  ill  which  the  vessels  were  fabricated,  and 
when  the  kilns  are  discovered  the  distribution  of  their  products  will  be  the  means 
of  tracing  the  trade  routes  that  were  frequented  at  the  time. 

"  A  good  knowledge  of  local  kilns  will,  therefore,  add  greatly  to  our  knowledge 
of  earthworks,  but  investigations  into  the  sites  of  ancient  potteries  can  hardly 
be  said  as  yet  to  have  become  so  serious  a  study  as  the  subject  demands.  .  .  . 
No  more  useful  study  could  be  undertaken  by  anyone  anxious  to  contribute  to 
the  groundwork  upon  which  the  investigation  of  British  camps  and  earthworks 
will  have  to  be  based." 

The  large  urn  first  discovered,  the  other  illustrated  with  it,  and 
portions  of  two  other  urns,  as  well  as  specimens  of  the  burnt  clay 
lining  of  the  kilns,  and  of  the  clay  found  with  the  vessels  and  ap- 
parently used  in  their  manufacture,  have  been  placed  in  the  Society's 
Museum. 

The  quern  stone,  the  small  red  vase,  and  the  urn  found  in  March, 
1894,  remain  in  the  hands  of  Mr.  Kingston. 


In  Memoriam  James   Waylen.  301 

In  conclusion,  I  should  like  to  express  my  personal  thanks,  and 
those  of  our  Society,  to  Mr.  William  Kingston,  for  his  kindness  in 
permitting  us  to  follow  these  works  as  far  as  we  have  gone,  and  for 
the  great  care  he  personally  took  in  keeping  these  interesting  remains 
for  our  Society ;  and,  further,  I  would  express  our  thanks  to  the 
Trustees  of  the  Somerset  College — the  owners  of  the  land — for 
allowing  us  to  take  possession  of  many  of  the  articles  for  the 
Museum. 


ames 

HHitft  Bibliographical  Notes  of  Ijfe 

January  22nd,  1894,  James  Waylen  died  at  64,  Lillie 
Road,  Fulham,  at  the  age  of  83,  having  been  bora  at  3, 
Northgate  Street,  Devizes,  on  April  19th,  1810.  His  father — Mr. 
Robert  Waylen — was  the  last  cloth  manufacturer  of  the  town,  and 
is  said  at  one  time  to  have  employed  over  a  thousand  hands  in  his 
business.  James,  his  sixth  son,  began  his  schooling  at  Bratton, 
continuing  it  at  Mill  Hill  Grammar  School,  after  which  he  became 
a  pupil  of  Thomas  Telford,  the  well-known  engineer,  and  under  him 
was  engaged  in  the  construction  of  the  remarkable  Dean  Bridge, 
at  Edinburgh.  He  soon,  however,  gave  up  engineering,  and  took 
to  painting,  going  to  Italy  in  1834,  after  spending  some  time  in  a 
London  studio.  In  1842  he  married  Mary  Sophia  Grimes,  of  Devizes, 
and  settled  down  at  Etchilhampton.  Here  he  wrote  his  "  History 
of  Devizes  "  and  "  History  of  Marlborough"  Mrs.  Waylen  dying 

*#*  The  Editor  desires  to  acknowledge  the  assistance  he  has  derived  in  the 
preparation  of  this  notice  from  information  supplied  by  Mr.  W.  Cunnington, 
F.G.S.,  and  from  the  obituary  notices  of  Mr.  Waylen  which  appeared  in  the 
Devizes  Gazette  and  the  Devizes  Advertiser* 


302  In  Memorlam  J~awes   Wayten. 

in  1859  he  married,  secondly,  in  1862,  Sarah  Tompkins,  daughter 
of  Mr.  G.  W.  Anstie,  of  Park  Dale,  Devizes,  by  whom  he  leaves  a 
son.  The  latter  part  of  his  life  was  spent  in  London,  where  for 
some  years  he  lived  at  No.  6,  Cheyne  Row,  next  door  to  Thomas 
Carlyle,  who  found  in  him  a  kindred  spirit  imbued  with  the  same 
admiration  of  "  The  Great  Protector  " — and  to  whom  he  dedicated 
his  "  House  of  Cromwell  and  ihe  Story  of  Dunkirk,"  published  in 
1880.  This,  with  the  two  already  mentioned,  are  the  three  works 
by  which  he  will  be  chiefly  remembered  ;  but  he  was  an  industrious 
and  constant  writer,  and  was  the  author  of  a  number  of  contributions 
from  time  to  time  in  the  ' '  Devizes  Miscellany,"  "  Gillman's  Devizes 
Register"  the  "  Wiltshire  Independent"  and  the  "  Devizes  Advertiser.33 
In  our  own  Magazine,  too,  for  the  first  four  years  of  its  existence — 
1854  to  1857 — he  appears  as  a  frequent  contributor,  though  after 
1859  he  appears  to  have  written  nothing  for  the  Society  for  nearly 
thirty  years,  until  in  1887  his  "  Wiltshire  Compounders"  appeared. 
In  1892  another  important  paper,  on  the  "  Falstone  Day  Book"  was 
printed,  and  a  shorter  paper  in  the  last  number  of  the  Magazine. 
Indeed  he  continued  writing  up  to  the  lime  of  his  death. 

As  to  his  writings,  the  same  characteristics  run  through  them  all 
—whether  he  is  writing  the  history  of  Marlborough  or  of  the 
Quakers — whatever  his  subject  may  be  he  treats  it  whenever  it  is 
possible  to  do  so  from  a  biographical  and  anecdotal  point  of  view. 
He  is  far  more  of  a  biographer  than  a  historian.  In  his  writings 
we  do  not  find  wide  views  of  history,  but  we  do  get  pleasant  peeps 
at  the  lives  of  the  men  who  in  the  seventeenth,  eighteenth,  and  early 
nineteenth  centuries  took  prominent  parts  in  the  events  of  the  time 
so  far  as  they  affected  our  own  county  of  Wilts.  To  tell  the  truth, 
the  seventeenth  century,  especially  the  Civil  War  and  the  period  of 
the  Commonwealth,  was  to  Mr.  Waylen  almost  the  beginning  of 
history.  He  took  no  account  of  archeology,  historic  or  prehistoric. 
The  middle  ages  he  was  obliged  to  look  into  more  or  less  for  his 
histories  of  Devizes  and  Marlborough,  but  they  possessed  no  attraction 
for  him,  and  he  hurried  on  to  the  struggles  of  the  seventeenth  century 
and  the  Commonwealth  period  as  the  time  on  which  he  really  loved 
to  dwell.  It  was,  perhaps,  natural  that  to  him,  a  strong  Liberal  and 


In  Memoriam  James   Waylen.  303 

Nonconformist,  the  temporary  triumph  of  Puritanism  under  Crom- 
well and  the  subsequent  history  of  Nonconformity  should  be  the 
most  interesting  subject  which  the  whole  field  of  history  could  offer, 
and  it  is  small  blame  to  him  that  he  writes,  though  by  no  means 
in  a  bitter  spirit,  yet  always  with  a  certain  bias  to  his  own  side, 
when  treating  of  events,  which,  although  so  distant  now,  still  excite 
keen  party  spirit,  and  have  never  yet  been  described  impartially  by 
any  historian,  with  the  exception  of  Ranke  and  Gardiner.  A  more 
serious  blot  in  Mr.  Waylen's  work  is  his  too  frequent  neglect  to 
give  the  authorities  for  his  statements,  with  the  result  that  the 
reader  is  sometimes  left  in  doubt  as  to  whether  he  has  before  him 
the  actual  words  or  extracts  of  documentary  evidence,  or  Mr. 
Waylen's  inferences  from  them.  But  for  all  that  Wiltshire  has 
much  cause  to  thank  him  for  his  pleasant  gossiping  sketches  of 
men  and  things  in  the  county  for  the  last  two  hundred  and  fifty 
years.  They  are  never  dry,  and  never  dull,  and  a  vast  amount  of 
interesting  matter,  biographical  and  genealogical,  is  preserved  in 
his  pages,  which  would  otherwise  have  been  certainly  lost  and 
forgotten. 

His  skill  as  an  artist  was  better  shown  in  his  oil  portraits — of 
which  our  Museum  possesses  a  really  good  one  of  the  old  Lord 
Lansdowne,  painted  apparently  from  memory  and  a  photograph, 
and  of  which  others  exist  in  Devizes — than  in  the  illustrations  which 
he  designed  for  his  books. 

The  writer  of  this  notice  had  not  the  privilege  of  his  personal 
.acquaintance  ;  with  those  who  bad  that  privilege  his  memory  lives 
as  that  of  a  man  of  retiring  modesty  and  great  kindliness  of  dis- 
position, who  was  always  ready  generously  to  assist  others  from  the 
large  stores  of  knowledge  he  had  himself  acquired  in  a  long  life  of 
study. 


A   BIBLIOGRAPHICAL  LIST  OP  MR.  WAYLEN'S  PRINCIPAL  WORKS. 

The  Chronicles  of  the  Devizes,  being  a  History  of  the  Castle,  Parks, 
and  Borough  of  that  name,  with  notices  Statistical,  Parliamentary, 
Ecclesiastic,  and  Biographical,  by  James  Waylen.  London; 


804  In  Memoriam  James    Waylen. 

printed  for  the  Author,  and  sold  by  Longman  &  Co.,  Paternoster 
Row,  and  T.  B.  Smith,  Devizes.  1839."  Is  an  8vo  volume  of  362 
pages,  published  in  cloth  at  14s.  It  is  illustrated  with  a  frontispiece  and 
other  woodcuts.  This  was  re-published  anonymously  in  an  enlarged  form  in 
1859,  as 

"  A  History,  Military  and  Municipal,  of  the  Ancient  Borough  of 
The  Devizes,  and  subordinately  of  the  entire  Hundred  of  Potterne 
and  Cannings,  in  which  it  is  included.  London :  Longman, 
Brown,  &  Co.,  Paternoster  Row;  Devizes:  Henry  Bull,  Saint 
John  Street.  1859. "  8vo,  pp.  602.  It  is  illustrated  with  woodcuts  and 
steel  engravings,  as  well  as  by  several  historical  scenes  from  Mr.  Waylen's 
drawings.  The  principal  contents  are :— pages  1 — 22,  origin  of  the  town ; 
23—66,  Bishop  Roger's  Castle  ;  66—97,  the  story  of  Hubert  de  Burgh  ;  97 
— 101,  state  of  the  Town  during  the  fifteenth  and  sixteenth  centuries  ;  101— 
113,  the  Reformation  ;  113—134,  Queen  Elizabeth,  &c. ;  134—160,  the  Civil 
War  ;  161—168,  the  siege ;  169—295,  the  Battle  of  Roundway,  War  and 
Commonwealth  ;  295 — 362,  Nonconformity,  Biographical  Notices  of  prominent 
Nonconformists,  the  Quakers,  Elections,  and  varia  ^  363— 596,  events  later 
than  the  seventeenth  century.  Index  at  end. 

t{  A  History,  Military  and  Municipal,  of  the  Town  (otherwise  called 
the  City)  of  Marlborough,  and  more  generally  of  the  entire 
Hundred  of  Selkley,  by  James  Waylen.  London,  John  Russell 
Smith,  36,  Soho  Square,  MDCCCLIV."  The  introduction  fills  v  pages, 
the  work  itself  570.  8vo  cloth.  Pages  1 — 21,  the  pre-Norman  period  ;  22 — 
79,  the  Norman  period ;  80—84,  the  Reformation ;  85—137,  Municipal 
History ;  137—251,  Stuart  rule,  events  to  Death  of  Charles  I. ;  251—330, 
events  subsequent  to  death  of  the  King,  the  Restoration  ;  330 — 397,  Municipal 
History  after  the  Restoration,  the  Charters,  &e. ;  397—496,  later  Miscellanea, 
496—565,  Local  Biography.  Index. 

A  review  of  this  work,  by  G.   Powlett  Scrope,  appeared  in  vol.  i.  of  the 
Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  pp.  116—131. 

"  The  House  of  Cromwell  and  the  Story  of  Dunkirk.  London  : 
Chapman  &  Hall,  Limited,  193,  Piccadilly,  1880."  "Dedicated  by 

permission,  to  Thomas  Carlyle,  Esq.,  whose  *  elucidations  '  of  Oliver  Cromwell's 
Letters  and  Speeches  have  elevated  our  admiration  of  the  Protector  into 
love."  It  is  a  royal  8vo  volume  of  vii  and  389  pages,  with  2  pages  of  index 
additional  at  the  end.  In  the  first  172  pages  the  Author  "  traces  down  to 
our  own  day  the  families  descended  from  Oliver  Cromwell,  carrying  on  the 
work  begun  by  Mark  Noble  in  1787."  Pages  173 — 272  are  taken  up  with 


In  Memoriam  James  Waylen.  305 

Sir  William  Lockhart  and  the  campaign  in  Flanders,  as  connected  with 
Dunkirk  ;  and  pages  273 — 383  contain  nearly  one  hundred  letters  and  papers 
of  the  Protector's,  unnoticed  in  Carlyle's  work,  and  a  number  of  interesting 
anecdotes  connected  with  him.  The  book  is  illustrated  by  several  woodcuts 
,of  historical  scenes,  by  Mr.  Wayleu  himself,  and  plans  and  maps — together 
with  a  portrait  of  Sir  William  Lockhart,  and  one  of  Cromwell  as  a  child. 

A  second  issue  of  the  remaining  sheets  of  this  edition,  with  a  new  title-page, 
was  published  by  Elliot  Stock  in  1893.  Koyal  8vo,  cloth,  10s.  6d,  (8*.  to 
subscribers.) 

A  new  edition  is  now  (1894)  being  prepared  for  the  press  by  the  same 
publishers,  which  will  contain  much  new  and  additional  matter,  collected  by 
Mr.  Waylen  before  his  death. 

"  Wiltshire  during  the  Civil  Wars."  Published  in  the  Wiltshire  Inde- 
pendent,  apparently  in  seventy-eight  parts,  beginning  May  28th,  1840  (as 
mounted  in  a  small  folio  volume  it  extends  to  some  85  pages  of  small  print, 
in  double  column).  As  set  forth  in  the  prefacing  statement,  it  is  "a  series  of 
papers  designed  to  illustrate  the  history  of  this  county  during  the  period  of 
the  Civil  Wars  " — "  embraces  the  whole  county  " — and  is  "  intended  to  present 
in  chronological  order  the  several  events." 

A  notice  in  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  vol.  ii.,  p.  397,  repeated  vol.  iii.,  p.  126, 
states  that  "  J.  Waylen  proposes  to  re-publish  a  Political,  Military,  and 
Domestic  History  of  this  County  during  the  Contests  of  the  17th  century,  to 
be  illustrated  with  engravings  designed  by  himself — to  be  published  by  sub- 
scription in  the  form  of  a  thick  imperial  8vo,  price  not  to  exceed  a  guinea." 
"  The  work  will  contain  an  account  of  the  estates  of  all  the  Koyalists  in  the 
county,  as  well  as  lists  of  the  Parliament's  friends."  It  was  to  cover  the 
period  from  1640  to  1745.  This  design  of  re-publishing  was  never  carried 
out.  The  seventy-eighth  contribution  to  the  "  Independent "  has  the  notice 
"  to  be  continued  "  at  the  end  of  it,  but  no  more  was  printed, 

"  The  Highwaymen  of  Wiltshire."  Published  in  the  Wiltshire  Inde. 
pendent  of  February  14th,  1856,  and  subsequent  numbers,  in  fourteen  parts, 
containing  an  account  of  the  careers  of  the  more  notorious  highway  robbers  of 
the  county  :— Thomas  Boulter,  James  Caldwell,  Mary  Sandall,  William  Peare, 
William  Davis,  James  Whitney,  Jervis  Matcham  and  the  Dead  Drummer, 
and  others. 

These  papers  were  afterwards  re-published  in  the  form  of  a  16mo  book  of 
108  pages,  entitled  "  The  Highwaymen  of  Wiltshire,  or,  a  Narrative 
of  the  Adventurous  Career  and  Untimely  End  of  divers  Free- 
booters and  Smugglers  in  this  and  the  adjoining  Counties. 
Devizes:  N.  B.  Handle,  Market  Place."  It  was  published  anony. 

VOL.    XXVII. — NO.    LXXXI.  Y 


306  In  Memoriam  James   Waylen. 

mously.  The  frontispiece  of  Boulter  and  Caldwell's  night  attack  on  a  post- 
chaise  is  from  a  drawing  of  Mr.  Waylen's. 

A  second  edition  was  published  by  Brampton,  of  Devizes. 

The  papers  in  the  Wiltshire  Independent  contain  some  information  not 
reprinted  in  the  book — but  the  book,  on  the  other  hand,  has  accounts  of  some 
additional  highwaymen  not  mentioned  in  the  paper. 

"  The  History  of  the  Quakers  of  Wiltshire."  A  series  of  papers  pub- 
lished in  the  Devizes  Advertiser  in  the  years  1864 — 66,  dealing  with  the 
most  notable  Quaker  preachers  who  suffered  persecution  or  preached  in  the 
county  from  1656  to  1852.  Amongst  others  of  whose  life  and  work  sketches 
are  given  are,  W.  Penn,  Barbara  Blagden,  Thomas  Lawrence,  William 
Hitchcock,  John  Roberts,  William  Stovey,  William  Moxon,  and  Samuel 
Capper.  Cut  from  the  newspaper  and  mounted  these  papers  fill  sixteen  pages 
of  small  print  in  double  column,  4to. 

f(  Mornings  at  Bowood."  Consists  of  four  chapters,  published  in  The 
Wiltshire  Independent,  about  1866  or  1867,  dealing  with  Bowood,  Sir  Orlando 
Bridgman,  Calne  Politics,  the  Title  of  Lansdowne,  and  the  House  of  Petty — 
filling,  as  mounted,  nine  4to  pages. 

"  The  Cavaliers  of  North  Wilts."  A  series  of  papers  extending  to  five 
pages  small  folio,  double  column,  were  printed  in  the  Devizes  Advertiser, 
beginning  May,  1867,  but  first  appeared  in  The  Monthly  Packet  for  August, 
1866. 

"  Nonconformity  in  Devizes  "  was  published  in  the  Devizes  Advertiser  in 
twenty-five  chapters  between  May  3rd  and  December  8th,  1877.  This  was 
the  work  of  Edward  Waylen,  but  after  his  death,  October  23rd,  1877,  the 
last  four  chapters  and  an  appendix  were  written  by  his  brother  James.  These 
papers,  filling  thirty- seven  4to  pages  (mounted  in  double  column),  contain  an 
immense  quantity  of  interesting  matter  concerning  the  most  prominent 
Nonconformists  of  the  town,  as  well  as  the  more  notable  Anglican  clergy  for 
the  last  two  centuries. 

Papers  in  the  Wilts  Archaeological  Magazine  :— 

1854.  Vol.  i.,  pp.  210 — 211.     Note  on  a  Petition  for  appointment  to  a  corrody 

in  Malmesbury  Abbey. 

„  „         pp.  217—232.       The    Hertford   Correspondence,   consisting   of 

letters  and  documents  passing  between  the  Earl  of  Hertford, 
his  Deputy-Lieutenants,  and  other  distinguished  persons,  on 
various  matters  connected  with  the  County  of  Wilts,  temp. 
James  I.,  with  preliminary  remarks. 

1855.  Vol.  ii.,  pp.  131—132.     Notes  on  The  Sheriff  of  Wilts  Imprisoned  at 


In  Memoriam  James  Waylen.  307 

Devizes,    1741. — Lamps   on   Beckhampton    Down,    1743. — 

Tisbury  a  market  town. 
„  „        pp.  257—260.      Notes  on   Henry,  Earl  of  Danby.— Chalfield 

House. — Curious  tenure  at  Hakeneston,  1322. 
„  „        p.  398.     Grant  of  Clarendon  Park  to  the  Duke  of  Albemarle. 

1856.  Vol.  iit,  pp.  115—119.     Christopher  Wren,  of  East  Knoyle,  D.D. 

„  „        pp.  119—124.     Who  destroyed  the  Images  at  the  West  End  of 

Salisbury  Cathedral  ? 

„  „        p.  125.     Mr.  Darley  at  Charlton  Park. 

„  „         pp.  245—249.     The  Despencers'  Estates  in  Wilts. 

1857.  „        pp.  367—376.     Mysterious  Death  of  a  Lord-Lieutenant  of  Wilts, 

or  the  Story  of  the  Marlborough  Pin-Maker. 
„  „        pp.  376— 379.  Notes  on  Accident  to  Charles  Dryden  at  Charlton. 

—Cloth-Making,  time  of  Henry  Till.— Birthplace  of  Pitt. 
1859.     Vol.  vi.,  pp.  215—223.      The  Dead  Drummer,  a  Legend  of  Salisbury 

Plain. 
1887-89.     Vol.  xxiii.,  pp.  314—346  ;  vol.  xxiv.,  pp.  58—103,  and  308—344,  The 

Wiltshire  Cornpounders. 
1890.     Vol,  xxv.,  pp.  112—118.     Wiltshire's  Contribution  to  the  Piedmontese 

Fund. 

1892.  Vol.  xxvi.,  pp.  343—391.     The  Falstone  Day-Book  (Diary  of  Parlia- 

mentary Committee  for  Wilts). 

1893.  Vol.  xxvii.,  pp.  113—120.    The  Wilts  County  Court— Devizes  versus 

Wilton.     (A  great  part  of  this  was  re-printed  from  G-illman's 
Devizes  Almanack  and  Directory  for  1892.) 


"  Wiltshire  Worthies."    A  series  of  papers  in  the  Devizes  Advertiser : — 
1865 — 67.   "  Historico-Religious  Sketches — viewed  from  the  Nonconformist 
standpoint." 

Lucy  St.  John,  the  Cinderella  of  Wiltshire. 
John  Cennick,  the  Evangelist  of  North  Wilts. 

The  Story  of  the  two  Confessors  of  Marlborough,  or  a  race  between  a 
Protestant  Sheriff  and  a  Catholic  Inquisitor. 
A  Comedian  burnt  at  Salisbury. 
Burning  of  two  Baptists. 
John  Ayliffe  of  Tockenham. 

"The  Home  Circle  at  Longleat  160  years  ago."    Devizes  Miscellany, 

vol.  ii.,  May  1,  1852,  pp.  57-61. 
"  Heale  House."     Remarkable  instance  of  the  provisions  of  an  unjust  will 

being  defeated.     Notes  and  Queries,  2nd  Series,  vi.,  134. 

Y    2 


308  NoteS)  Arch&ological  and  Historical. 

"  Letter  on  the  Authorship  of  Origines  Divisiante."  Devizes  Adver- 
tiser, 1877. 

"  Sir  Francis  Burdett,  late  M.P.  for  North  Wilts."  7  pp.  Gillmarfs 
Devizes  Public  Register,  1868. 

"  Bishop  Barrington,  Bishop  Burgess,  Lord  Sidmouth,  Hannah 
More,  The  Shepherd  of  Salisbury  Plain,  W,  L.  Bowles,  Lady 
Lansdowne,  Tom  Moore,  a  Devizes  Farce.  7  pp.  Ibid,  1870. 

"  (S.  T.)  Coleridge  and  (R.  H.)  Brabant,  M.D.,  as  connected  with  Calne 
and  Devizes.  6  pp.  Ibid,  1872. 

"  The  Rev.  Ed.  Wilton,  M.A.    pp.  3.    Ibid,  1872. 

E.    H.   GODDARD. 


^wjmologtcal  anfr 


FONT  IN  HILPERTON  CHURCH 


There  has  been  recently  set  up  in  this  Church  an  old  font  which  was  dug  up  in 
the  churchyard  of  the  adjacent  parish  of  Whaddon  many  years  ago  (the  present 
font  at  Whaddon  is  quite  modern  and  is  said  to  have  been  preceded  by  a  wooden 
font).  The  bowl  only  of  the  old  font  was  recovered.  This  is  of  twelfth  century 
work,  circular  in  form,  1ft.  7in.  in  height,  2ft.  7in.  diameter  at  the  top,  and 


slightly  tapered.     Around  it  is  worked  an  arcade  of  thirteen  bays  of  semicircular 
arches  with  flat  fluted  shafts  and  stepped  bases,  all  in  low  relief  j  two  of  the  arches 


Notes,  Archaeological  and  Historical.  309 

are  enriched  with  saw-tooth  ornament,  and  it  is  probable  that  the  remainder  were 
intended  for  this,  but  it  was  never  carried  out.  A  similar  ornament  is  carried 
round  the  lower  edge  of  the  bowl.  Above  the  arcade  are  spandrel  carvings  of 
conventionalised  leaves  with  their  stems  terminating  in  scrolls  over  them. 
Around  the  top  is  carried  a  border  of  conventionalised  leaf  ornament.  One 
side  o£  the  font  has  the  indications  of  fire  (?  was  Whaddon  Church  ever 
burnt)*.  The  font  now  stands  on  a  new  stone  base  and  shaft,  set  on  a  step  of 
Pennant  stone.  The  font  which  this  has»  displaced  was  a  modern  one,  put 
inx  at  the  restoration  of  the  Church  in  1854.  It  has  now  been  removed  to 
the  Mission  Church  at  Hilpexton  Marsh. 

G.  E.  POSTING. 

LEAD  DOWELLBD  CHIMNEYS  AT  LACOCK. 

At  the  beginning  of  last  year  the  chimneys  in  the  back,  yard  of  Lacock 
Abbey  having  become  insecure,  it  was  decided  to  have  them  carefully  repaired. 
This  has  been  done  under  my  professional  superintendence. 

In  taking  down  the  two  large  chimneys  the  top  capping  course  was  found 
to  be  cramped  with  iron  in  the  usual  way;  but  when  we  came  to  the  next 
course  we  found  that,  instead  of  iron,  lead  had  been  used,  and  each  stone 
was  dowelled  to  its  neighbour  by  a  dovetailed  dowel  3fin.  long,  by  fin.  deep. 
These  continued  throughout  the  two  chimneys.  The  other  chimney  taken 
in  hand  was  smaller  and  had  every  indication  of  having  been  re-built  at  some 
more  recent  date.  It  was  found  to  be  cramped  with  iron  as  far  down  as  the 
plinth,  where  lead  commenced  again.  The  whole  of  the  work  containing  these 
dowells  has  by  all  appearances  been  untouched  since  it  was  built  by  Sir 
William  Sharington,  between  the  years  1540  and  1553. 

H.  BBAKSPEAB. 


WILTS  SEVENTEENTH  CENTURY  TOKEN. 

We  have  lately  added  to  our  collection  a  token  hitherto  unpublished  : — 
O.  Unstruck. 
B.   IN  .  WAR.MINSTER   .  59=W.B 

The  carelessness  of  the  striker  is  to  be  regretted,  but  possibly  some  day  a 
more  perfect  specimen  may  turn  up. 

P.  M.  WILLIS. 
ANCIENT  LEADEN  COFFIN — FOUND  NEAR  DEVIZES. 

In  the  spring  of  1852  some  workmen  employed  in  draining  a  field  on  the 
left-hand  side  of  the  road  from  Devizes  to  Maryborough  (nearly  opposite  the 
site  of  the  present  Barracks)  met  with  a  leaden  cist  or  coffin,  lying  about  3ft. 
>elow  the  surface.  Expecting  to  find  treasure  in  it,  they  broke  it  up,  but 
were  .disappointed.  With  the  exception  of  a  deposit  of  a  white  substance, 


310  Notes,  Archaeological  and  Rlsiorical. 

resembling  lime,  which  covered  the  floor  of  the  coffin  to  the  depth  of  £in. 
it  was  absolutely  empty.  This  white  material— as  was  proved  by  analysis  by 
Mr.  E.  Clark— contained  9'49  per  cent,  of  bone  earth,  traces  probably  of  the 
skeleton,  the  remainder  being  fine  sand,  with  some  carbonate  of  lead.  The 
coffin  was  formed  of  one  sheet  of  lead  bent  up  into  a  rectangular  shape,  and 
the  four  corners  were  held  together  by  metal  (lead — not  solder)  run  into  the 
folds  by  a  process  resembling  what  is  known  in  the  present  day  as  autogenous 
soldering.  The  length  of  the  coffin  was  5ft.  Sin. ;  the  breadth,  1ft.  Sin.  ; 
depth,  1ft.  2in.  Tho  weight,  in  its  partially  decayed  condition,  was  140lbs. 
There  were  no  coins  or  trinkets  to  show  the  date  of  the  interment,  but  from 
the  fact  that  the  coffin  was  placed  nearly  north  and  south,  the  north  end 
about  12°  towards  the  east,  we  may  conclude  that  it  was  of  very  remote  date 
— probably  Roman  and  ante-Christian. 

[From  notes  made  at  the  time  by  the  late  Mr.  Richard  Falkner,  of  Devizes^ 
one  of  the  originators  of  the  Wilts  Arch,  and  Nat.  Hist.  Society.] 

P.S.— Is  it  not  remarkable  that  this  interment  should  occur  in  such  a 
solitary  spot?  No  other  remains,  so  far  as  the  writer  knows,  have  been  found 
in  the  immediate  neighbourhood — though  Roman  antiquities  are  abundant  on 
the  south  side  of  Devizes.  The  person  here  buried  must  have  been  of  some 
social  standing,  as  is  shown  by  the  costly  coffin,  for  lead  must  have  been  ex- 
pensive in  those  days.  It  is  remarkable  that  the  skeleton,  in  spite  of  the 
care  bestowed  in  providing  a  leaden  coffin,  was  in  this  case  so  entirely  de- 
composed ;  whilst  within  a  mile  of  the  same  spot — on  the  edge  of  Roundway 
Hill— a  skeleton  buried  in  the  chalk  was  found  with  every  bone  perfect,  though 
the  interment  must  have  been  older  by  at  least  a  thousand  years.  And  this 
is  the  usual  condition  of  bones  found  in  the  chalk.  It  is  possible  that  the 
somewhat  sandy  soil  in  which  the  coffin  was  found  may  have  had  a  direct 
action  in  promoting  the  decomposition  of  the  animal  remains.  It  is  considered 
that  such  soils  are  of  a  "  hungry  "  nature,  as  the  good  effects  of  manures  are 
speedily  dissipated.  Information  on  this  point  would  be  very  acceptable. 

W. 


THE     MALMESBURY    STANDARD    YARD. 

"  WILTS  COUNTY  COUNCIL. 

"  Weights  and  Measures  Office,  Swindon, 

"  May  29th,  1893. 

"Mr.  Mayor  and  Gentlemen. — Through  your  kindness  I  have  been  allowed 
to  examine  and  compare  with  the  modern  standard  yard  of  the  County  of 
Wilts,  the  interesting  and  ancient  standard  of  length  of  the  Borough  of 
Malmesbury.  I  have  taken  the  liberty  of  enclosing  the  standard  in  a 
mahogany  case,  which  may  assist  in  protecting  from  damage  so  interesting 
and  valuable  a  relic  of  ancient  times,  and  I  beg  to  bring  to  your  notice  the 
following  particulars,  which  may  be  of  interest  :  —  The  standard  yard  and  ell 
of  the  borough  of  Malmesbury  is  dated  1654,  being  the  time  of  the  pro- 
tectorate of  Oliver  Cromwell.  The  original  and  official  verification  which 
appears  to  have  been  made  of  this  standard  was  made  in  the  City  of 


Notes,  Archaeological  and  Historical.  311 

London.  The  standard  has  been  very  carefully  compared  with  the  standard 
yard  No.  2174,  verified  by  the  Board  of  Trade  Standards  Department, 
February  llth,  1891,  for  the  use  of  the  County  of  Wilts,  and  the  length 
of  the  Malmesbury  yard,  which  is  between  the  two  shorter  pillars,  is,  not- 
withstanding its  extreme  antiquity  and  the  amount  of  usage  it  has  under- 
gone, now  at  the  present  day  within  'OOSin.,  or  one  two-hundredth  part  of 
an  inch  of  the  said  standard  2174.  By  order  in  Council  made  the  4th  day 
of  February,  1879,  the  amount  of  error  allowed  on  a  standard  yard  was  one 
hundredth  part  of  an  inch.  The  Malmesbury  standard,  with  its  two 
hundred  and  thirty-nine  years'  service,  shows  now  only  half  the  amount  of 
error  in  excess  which  is  allowed.  The  sub-divisions  of  the  standard  are  not 
authentic,  but  have  been  marked  on  roughly  with  a  coarse  file  by  some  too 
enterprising  custodian,  and  must  not  be  taken  as  in  any  way  representing 
measure  of  length.  The  round  brass  rod  yard  in  the  lid  of  the  case  is  an 
exact  yard,  and  by  placing  it  between  the  pillars  on  the  Malmesbury 
standard  no  appreciable  difference  can  be  observed  between  the  length  of  the 
two.  The  length  between  the  two  end  pillars  of  the  Malmesbury  standard 
is  forty-five  inches  or  five-quarters  of  a  yard,  being  the  old  English  or  cloth 
ell  of  the  period,  a  measure  which  is  now  obsolete,  and  of  which  there  is 
now  no  legal  standard  measure  of  length.  As  a  curiosity,  and  as  a  means 
of  showing  how  inappreciable  is  the  difference  of  length  in  the  standard 
yards  of  1654  and  1893  the  standard  of  the  Borough  of  Malmesbury  is  un- 
doubtedly an  instrument  of  value,  and  too  much  care  cannot  be  taken  in 
preserving  it. 

"1  am,  Mr.  Mayor  and  gentlemen,  yours  respectfully, 

"JAMES  WARD," 
"County  Inspector  of  Weights  and  Measures." 

(Re-printed  from  local  paper.) 


"  THE  CHRISTMAS  BOYS/'  OR  "  MUMMERS/' 
As  used  and  spoken  at  Potterne  between   the  years  1875  and  1890. 

(Enter  FATHEB  CHEISTMAS.) 

"  Here  comes  I,  old  Father  Christmas, 
Christmas  or  Christmas  not 

I  hope  old  Father  Christmas  will  never  be  forgot. 
Roast  beef,  plum  pudding,  and  minced  pies, 

Who  do  like  that  better'n  thee  and  I  ?  [sing  ; 

A  jug  of  your  Christmas  ale  will  make  us  merry,  whistle,  dance  and 
Money  in  our  pockets  is  a  very  fine  thing. 
Koom  !  Room  !  ladies  and  gentlemen,  let  King  George  come  in  ! 

(Enter  KING  GEOBGE.) 

Here  comes  I,  King  George, 

King  George,  the  man  of  courage  bold, 

With  my  sword  and  spear  in  my  hand  I  won  three  crowns  of  gold. 


312  Notes,  Archaeological  and  Historical. 

'Twere  I  slew  the  dragon 

And  brought  him  to  the  slaughter, 

And-  I  hope  I  shall  maintain  the  King  of  Egypt's  daughter.* 

And  now  let  old  Turkey  snipe  clear  the  way. 

(Enter  TURKISH  KNIGHT.) 

Here  comes  I,  old  Turkey  snipe, 

Come  from  the  holy  Turkey  land  to  fight. 

I  challenge  thee,  King  George,  the  man  of  courage  bold  ; 

If  thy  blood's  hot  I  soon  will  make  it  cold. 

(They  fight,  TURKISH  KNIGHT  falls.) 

(KiNG  GEORGE)  Is  there  a  doctor  to  be  found 

To  cure  this  man  lying  blooding  on  the  ground? 

(Enter  SPANISH  DOCTOR. > 

Yes,  I'm  a  doctor  newly  come  from  Spain, 

I  have  a  bottle  by  my  side 

The  fame  of  which  spreads  far  and  wide  j 

It  cures  the  sick  of  every  pain, 

And  raises  the  dead  to  life  again. 

(KiNG  GEORGE)  Pray,  Doctor,  what  is  thy  fee? 

(Sp.  DR.)  Fifteen  guineas  is  my  fee, 

But  ten  pound  I  will  take  of  thee. 

(KiNG  GEORGE  gives  him  the  money.) 

(Sr.  DR.)  Here  comes  I,  the  Spanish  Doctor,  [again* 

I'll  cure  thee  the  biggest  bellied  man  that  ever  rose  from  dead  to  life 

(He  holds  bottle  to  TURKISH  KNIGHT'S  mouth.) 
Rise,  Turkish  snipe  (he  rises). 

(All  join  hands  and  sing.) 

Once  we  was  wounded  and  now  we're  brought  to  life  ; 

We  sent  for  the  doctor  who  brought  us  all  to  life  ; 

So  we'll  all  shake  hands  and  we'll  never  fight  no  more, 

But  we'll  live  like  brothers  and  sisters  the   same  as  we  was  before. 

Before  before  before  my  boys  before,  for 

We'll  live  like  brothers  and  sisters  the  same  as  we  was  before. 

(KiNG  GEORGE)  If  you  don't  believe  in  what  I  say 
Let  old  Almanick  clear  the  wa}r. 

(Enter  OLD  ALMANACK!) 

•  An  old  man  (81)  tells  me  that  the  right  line  is,  •'  And  for  that  fair  deed  I  do  maintain  the  great 
King  William's  daughter  "  ;  but  the  «'  King  of  Egypt's  "  is  historically  right,  I  believe.    But  this 
reading  is  much  the  best  and  oldest. 

*  I  suspect  that  Almanack  ought  to  change  speeches  (not  place)  with  Little  Man  Jack.    Then  I 
think  that  the  eleven  children  of  Almanack  ought  to  refer  to  the  months  (up  to  December)  and  Little 
Man  John  (who  is  really  the  devil)  then  comes  and  fetches  away  the  "  girt  blackguard."     But  this 
is  only  conjecture. 


Notes,  Archaeological  and  Historical.  313 

Here  comes  I,  old  Almanick, 

With  my  girt  head  and  little  wit. 

Though  my  wit  is  but  small 

Yet  I'm  the  best  man  'mongst  ye  all. 

My  knuckle  bones  are  very  hard, 

Pray  Doctor,  come  and  feel  (DocTOB  feels). 

(DocTOE)  Yes,  thy  bones  are  very  hard, 

I  think  thou  be'est  a  girt  blackguard. 

Room!   Room!   Let  the  valiant  soldier  clear  the  way. 

(Enter  VALIANT  SOLDIEB.) 

Here  comes  I,  the  Valiant  Soldier, 

Cuterman  Slashermau  *  is  my  name  : 

All  through  these  cold  wars  I  lately  came. 

I  and  seven  more  stood  the  battle  of  'leven  score. 

What  man  stands  there  wi'  his  sword  in  his  hand  ? 

I'll  actually  cut  him  and  slash  him  as  small  as  dust, 

And  send  him  to  the  pastrycook's  shop  to  make  minced  pie-crust. 

(FATHER  CHRISTMAS  and  VALIANT  SOLDIEB  fight,  FATHER  CHRISTMAS  falls). 

(KiNG  GEORGE)  Is  there  a  doctor  to  be  found 

To  cure  this  man  lying  blooding  on  the  ground? 

(VALIANT  SOLDIER)  Yes,  I'm  a  doctor  pure  and  good ; 
A  little  o'  my  physic  '11  do  he  good. 

(He  hits    FATHER  CHRISTMAS  three  thumps  on  the  back  f  with  the  fiat  of 
his  sword,  saying)  Rise,  Father  Christmas. 

(All  join  hands  across  and  sing,  as  before). 
Once  we  was  wounded,  &c. 

(VAL.  SOL.)  If  you  don't  believe  in  what  I  .say 
Let  Little  Man  Jack  clear  the  way. 

(Enter  LITTLE  MAN  JACK)  J 

Here  comes  I,  Little  Man  Jack, 
Wi'  all  my  family  at  my  back. 
Out  o'  'leven  I  got  but  seven, 
Half  of  they  be  gone  to  heaven; 
Out  of  seven  I  got  but  five, 
Half  of  they  be  starved  alive.§ 
Out  of  five  I  got  but  three 
Half  of  they  be  gone  to  sea. 


•  Corruption  of  "  Cut  them  and  slash  them." 
+  Father  Christmas  wears  a  cushion  on  his  back  as  a  hump. 
J  Little  Man  Jack  wears  a  row  of  dolls  strung  on  his  back. 
Query — does  "  starved  alive  "  meau  "  frozen  to  death."     I  have  been  told  it  does. 


314  Notes,  Archaeological  and  Historical. 

Out  of  three  I  got  but  two, 
And  where  they'm  gone  to  I  can't  tell  you. 
If  you  don't  believe  in  what  I  say 
Let  Little  Man  John  clear  the  way. 
(JEnter  LITTLE  MAN  JOHN.) 

Here  comes  I,  Little  Man>John^ 

If  any  man'll  fend  I  let'n  come  on." 

WALTER  BUCHANAN. 


SMALL  Pox  IN  DEVIZES  IN  1761. 

In  view  of  the  present  insane  agitation  in  some  places  against  the  enforce- 
ment of  vaccination,  the  following  note  on  the  fly-leaf  of  a  little  MS.  volume  of 
sermons  in  the  Museum,  is  instructive  as  reminding  us  of  what  seems  to  be 
entirely  forgotten — the  frightful  nature  of  the  scourge  of  small  pox  before 
vaccination  was  introduced. 

"  The  small  pox  which  began  in  Devizes  in  January,  1761  to  the  end  of  April 
following  :  — 

Total  No.  of  Inhabitants.      Total  No .  that  have  had  ye  Small  Pox.      Died. 

St.  John's  Parish.  1354  429  22 

St.  Mary's     „  1767  837  58  " 

The  number  of  those  "  inoculated  "  was  344,  of  whom  8  died. 

E.    H.    GODDABD. 


THE  COST  OF  AN  ELECTION  AT  WOOTTON  BASSETT. 

"  3  April,  1796.  My  Lord  I  have  at  your  Lordship's  request  sent  the 
underneath  account,  stating  as  near  as  I  possibly  can,  the  expense  of  the 
probable  cost  of  an  election  at  Wotton  Basset,  the  voters  being  gratified  at  the 
last  election  with  £30  each,  with  the  extras  as  below.  I  am  your  Lordship's 
faithful  obedient  servant. 

237  Voters  at  £30  each  7110 

12  Burgesses  at  £40  each  480 

1  The  Mayor  60 

Expenses  previous  to  the  Election  and  at  the 

time,  supposed  will  amount  to  340 

7990 

The  half        3995 
(From  a  note  by  the  late  J.   Waylen.     The  names  are  lost.) 


HATCHMENT    IN    SALISBURY    CATHEDRAL. 

A    very    interesting   seventeenth    century    hatchment     has     recently     been 
restored  to  its  original  position  in    Salisbury  Cathedral.       It   had  apparently 


Notes,  ArcJuzologioal  and  Historical.  315 

been  removed  during  the  great  restoration  of  1863-79,  placed  in  the 
triforium  for  safety,  and  forgotten.  There  it  was  accidentally  dis- 
covered a  few  months  ago,  and  with  the  concurrence  of  the  Dean  it  was 
replaced  above  the  little  tablet  to  the  memory  of  Mary  Barnston,  on  the 
dwarf  wall  to  the  east  of  Bishop  Giles  de  Bridport's  monument  in  the  south 
choir  aisle. 

The  Barnston  tablet  is  a  typical  piece  of  early  Jacobean  work,  of  stone- 
elaborately  carved  and  painted.  It  bears  the  following  quaint  inscription : — 

Mariae  Barnston 

good    fuit    propter 

situm   maritus 

amans  dolens 

debeus  hoc  posuit 

in  memoriam 

obiit     6    Julii 

1625 
Below,  apparently  cut  later,  are  the  lines— 

Altera  ps  obijt  30mo  Maij 

1645 
Abijt,     no     obijt     &     reverti 

debet 

In  each  corner  of  the  tablet,  the  dimensions  of  which  are  3ft.  by  2ft.  7in., 
a  tiny  coat  of  arms  is  painted — in  the  first  and  fourth  corners,  Azure,  afess 
dancetty  ermine,  between  3  crosses  crosslet  fitchy  or*  (Barnston)  ;  and  in 
the  second  and  third  corners,  Gules,  a  cross  patonce,  between  4  trefoils 
slipped  or  (Manning).  Above  the  tablet  was  carved  a  crest  ;  but  of  this 
portion  of  the  original  design  little  more  than  the  wreath  now  remains.  It 
was  roughly  knocked  away  to  allow  for  the  placing  of  the  hatchment,  which 
rests  on  the  tablet  and  reaches  to  the  top  of  the  dwarf  wall  mentioned 
above.  There  a  stout  nail,  seemingly  contemporary  with  the  hatchment 
driven  into  the  masonry,  catches  a  large  staple  fastened  to  the  frame,  and 
holds  it  in  its  place. 

The  hatchment  is  rectangular,  and  not  of  the  modern  lozenge  shape.  It 
consists  of  two  substantial  boards,  each  9|in.  wide  by  2ft.  lin.  high,  within 
a  very  heavily  moulded  frame,  all  of  oak  painted  black.  The  frame  is 
4in.  wide  by  3|in.  deep,  and  measures  2ft.  9in.  by  2ft.  3in.  The  blackness 
of  the  moulding  is  relieved  by  two  lines  of  gold. 

The  field  of  the  hatchment  is  almost  entirely  occupied  by  a  large  shield 
of  very  plain  and  severe  form,  charged  with  Barnston  quartering  Manning 
(the  arms  which  appear  in  the  corners  of  the  tablet)  differenced  by  a  crescent 
argent.  There  is  no  other  device  of  any  kind,  except  the  date  1645  above 
the  shield,  and  xvi°  Maij  in  the  spaces  at  the  base  of  it,  in  golden 
characters. 

The  tinctures  of  the  arms,  especially  the  blue,  have  faded  somewhat  in 
two  hundred  and  fifty  years,  but  they  are  still  quite  plainly  visible. 

The  domestic  idyll  which  these  things  perpetuate  is  easy  to  read.       When 

*  Papworth  and  Morant  give  the  tincture  of  the  crosses  crosslet  as  argent. 


316  Wiltshire  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Articles. 

Mrs.  Barnston  died  in  1625  her  "  maritus,  amans  dolens,  debens  "  raised 
the  beautiful  tablet  to  her  memory.  At  his  decease  in  1645  the  stately 
hatchment,  charged  with  his  quartered  coat  and  the  date  of  his  death,  was 
placed  over  it,  and  the  tender  little  note,  "  altera  pars  obiit,"  was  added  to 
the  tablet  of  his  wife.  "  Altera  pars  "  was  John  Barnston,  who  came  of  a 
Cheshire  family,  of  Brasenose  College,  Oxford,  D.  D.,  Rector  of  Everley,  1598, 
and  of  Winterslow,  1635,  Prebendary  of  Bishopstone,  1600,  and  Canon 
Kesidentiary,  1634.  He  was  buried  in  the  Cathedral.  As  Residentiary  he. 
occupied  the  Canonry  House  in  the  Close,  immediately  to  the  north  of  the 
Choristers'  School. 

E,     E.     DOELING. 


Sir  Robert  N.  Fowler,  Bart.,  M.P.      A  Memoir  by  John  Stephen 
Flynn,  M.A.,  Rector  of  St.  Mewan.     London:  Hodder  &  Stonghton, 
1893.     Post  8vo,  pp.  358.     With  etched  portrait  by  Manesse.    The  author  of 
this  biography — Sir  Robert's  son-in-law — had  no  light  task.     "  Thirty-eight 
large  volumes  of  diary,  several  hampers  of  letters,  and  a  mass  of  newspaper 
cuttings  collected  during  twenty-six  years  "  had  to  be  carefully  read  through 
and  selected  from.    He  has,  however,  performed  his  task  well  and  has  given  us 
an  interesting  memoir  at  not  too  great  length  of  a  man  who  in  many  ways 
was  a  remarkable  character,  and  one  of  whom  Wiltshire  may  well  be  proud. 
The  first  of  the  Fowlers  connected  with  Wilts  was  Thomas  Fowler,  who 
settled  at  Melksham  in  1692,  and  Gastard  was  bought  by  Robert    Fowler 
towards  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century.     The  family  had  always  been 
Quakers  ;    and    though    Sir    Robert    Fowler    joined  and  became  a  devoted 
member   of    the    Church  of  England,  he  retained  to  the  last  many  of  the 
best  of    the  Quaker  characteristics.      From  his  earliest  years  he  regularly 
kept  a  voluminous  diary,  in  which  he  entered  the  events  of  each  day  and 
his  own  thoughts  and  comments  thereon— and  in  this  diary  we  find  constant 
evidence  of  the  deep  and  unaffected  piety  which  was  the  foundation  of  his 
character  through  life.     A  staunch  Conservative,  who  nevertheless  put  his 
principles  before  his  party ;  widely  travelled,  full  of  information,  and  pos- 
sessing a  most  retentive  memory  ;  so  transparently  honest  and  straightforward 
as   to  win  the  respect  of  everyone ;  actuated  in  all  things  by  the  strongest 
sense  of  duty ;  popular  in  Wiltshire  as  a  genial  country  gentleman  and  a 


Wiltshire  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Articles.  317 

prominent  member  of  the  Beaufort  Hunt ;  better  known  and  still  more 
popular  in  London  as  a  banker,  as  a  leader  in  every  philanthropic  enterprise, 
as  a  member  of  the  council  of  University  College,  on  the  committee  of 
the  Bible  Society,  the  Anti-Slavery  Society,  the  Aborigines  Protection 
Society,  the  London  City  Mission,  and  a  host  of  other  religious  .and  charitable 
agencies;  M.P.  for  the  City  of  London;  and  for  two  consecutive  years 
Lord  Mayor.  Few  men  have  served  their  generation  better,  and  even 
amidst  the  torrent  of  modern  lives  and  memoirs  the  Life  of  Sir  Kobert 
Fowler  is  welcome  to  Wiltshiremen. 

The  book  has  been  reviewed  in  the  Guardian,  January  31st,  1894 ;  the 
Standard,  and  other  papers. 

The  Life  of  George  Herbert,  of  Bemerton,  S.P.C.K.,  ^London,  1893, 
is  a  well  got  up  and  well  printed  post  8vo  volume  of  328  pages.  It  is 
an  open  secret  that  the  author — whose  name  is  not  given — is  the  rector 
of  a  North  Wilts  parish.  The  contents  of  the  book  are  as  follows  : — a 
short  historical  sketch  of  the  Herbert  family,  and  of  Montgomery  Castle, 
G.  Herbert's  own  home  circle — his  life  at  Westminster  School  and  at 
Trinity  College,  Cambridge — his  early  work,  "  Epigrammata  Apologetica  " 
—  his  restoration  of  Leigh  ton  Church — his  mother's  life  at  Chelsea  as  the 
wife  of  Sir  John  Danvers,  her  death  and  burial,  and  his  "  Parentalia " 
written  in  her  memory — his  friend,  Dr.  John  Donne — his  residence  in  Sir 
Henry  Herbert's  home  at  Woodford— his  marriage  to  Jane  Danvers  and 
her  home  at  Baynton— his  stay  at  Dauntsey — his  institution  to  Fugglestone 
and  Bemerton  and  his  connection  with  Wilton  House— the  building  of 
Bemerton  Kectory  and  his  life  and  ministry  there — his  death,  will  and 
portraits — Nicholas  Ferrar,  the  Little  Gidding  community  and  the  publication 
of  "The  Temple" — his  brothers  and  sisters — Izaac  Walton,  Bishop  Ken, 
and  Barnabas  Olney — the  chained  books  at  Cherbury — the  MS.  volume  of 
his  poems  in  the  Williams  Library  and  its  contents — a  list  of  the  Kectors 
of  Fugglestone  and  Bemerton  and  index.  The  book  is  written  in  a  spirit 
of  intense  veneration  for  its  subject  as  a  poet  and  a  man.  It  is  scholarly 
and  interesting,  and  bestows  considerable  attention  on  the  surroundings  of 
George  Herbert's  life,  his  different  homes,  his  friends  and  relatives. 
Favourable  reviews  have  appeared  in  The  Athenaeum,  March  10th,  1894  ; 
The  Salisbury  Diocesan  Gazette,  February,  1894 ;  Salisbury  Journal, 
May  26th,  1894  ;  and  Devizes  Gazette,  February  15th,  1894. 

Some  old  Wiltshire  Homes,  illustrated  by  S.  John  Elyard,  with 
short  notices  on  their  Architecture,  History,  and  Associations. 
London  :  Charles  J.  Clark,  4,  Lincolns  Inn  Fields,  W.C.,  1894.  Imp.  4to, 
pp.  xi.  and  88.  Price  25*.  (15*.  to  subscribers).  This  is  the  most  notable 


318  Wiltshire  Books,   Pamphlets,  and  Articles. 

book  on  Wiltshire  that  has  appeared  for  many  years.  Its  value  consists 
chiefly  in  the  beautiful  full-page  illustrations  from  the  author's  pen-and- 
ink  sketches,  of  which  there  are  twenty-six  in  the  volume,  in  addition  to 
several  smaller  sketches  and  the  cuts  of  armorial  bearings.  These  sketches 
are  excellently  reproduced  ;  indeed,  the  whole  get-up  of  the  book  is  very 
good.  The  letterpress  is  short  and — as  the  author  states  in  the  preface — 
is  for  the  most  part  taken  from  various  published  sources  of  topographical 
information,  and  therefore  does  not  contain  very  much  that  is  original. 
This  could  hardly  have  been  otherwise  under  the  circumstances,  as  in  the 
case  of  many  of  the  houses  illustrated  here  there  is  extremely  little  in  the 
way  of  history  available  in  print. 

Mr.  Elyard  is  at  heart  an  artist  rather  than  an  architect.  He  prefers 
always  to  draw  his  subject  from  the  most  picturesque  point  of  view.  He 
studies  the  grouping  of  his  picture  more  than  the  details  of  the  work  he 
is  drawing — and  in  the  volume  before  us  he  has  given  us  a  series  of  really 
charming  views  of  our  old  Wiltshire  houses,  but  he  has  not  given  us  any 
of  those  details  which  are  very  often  to  the  real  student  of  domestic  archi- 
tecture of  equal  if  not  greater  interest  than  the  general  appearance  of  the 
building.  The  fireplaces,  the  staircases,  the  ceilings,  the  wood-work  of 
many  an  old  house  are  often  the  most  interesting  parts  about  it,  and  the 
ground-plan  in  the  more  important  and  perfect  houses  at  least  is  most 
desirable  for  the  understanding  of  the  history  of  the  building.  But  it  is 
scarcely  fair  to  quarrel  with  Mr.  Elyard  when  he  has  given  us  so  much 
that  is  excellent,  because  he  has  not  given  us  more.  We  may  hope  that 
in  any  further  series  of  drawings — and  it  is  greatly  to  be  wished  that  the 
author  may  not  rest  satisfied  with  his  present  achievement,  but  may  in 
due  time  give  us  another  instalment  of  "  Wiltshire  Houses  " — the  interiors 
and  details  will  receive  rather  more  attention.  As  an  earnest  of  this  we 
are  indebted  to  him  for  the  two  sketches  of  the  interior  of  Stockton  House 
which  illustrate  the  report  of  the  Warminster  Meeting  in  this  number  of 
the  Magazine. 

The  houses  chosen  for  illustration— though  a  few  of  the  well-known 
buildings,  such  as  the  Duke's  House  at  Bradford,  the  Porch  House  at 
Potterne,  South  Wraxall  and  Great  Chalfield  appear— are  for  the  most  part 
examples  of  beautiful  and  interesting  old  buildings  which  having  sunk  to 
the  condition  of  farm-houses,  often  in  remote  situations,  are  but  little  if 
at  all  known  out  of  their  own  immediate  neighbourhood.  Sheldons, 
Tockenham,  Restrop,  Cadenham,  Edington,  Can  Court,  and  the  others  of 
this  class  are  the  more  welcome  because  they  are  comparatively  unknown. 
Mr.  Elyard  has  exercised  a  wise  discretion  in  giving  them  to  us,  and  those 
who  were  sensible  enough  to  subscribe  to  his  work  may  congratulate  them- 
selves on  having  acquired  so  fine  a  volume  at  such  a  very  moderate  price. 


Wiltshire  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Articles.  319 

Reviews  of  the  book  have  appeared  in  Wiltshire  Notes  and  Queries, 
March,  1894 ;  The  .Devizes  Gazette,  March  15th  and  22nd,  1894  ;  The 
Antiquary,  June,  1894  ;  The  Illustrated  Archaologist,  June,  1894 ; 
The  Salisbury  Journal,  March  31st,  1894;  and  the  Bristol  Times  and 
Mirror. 

Richard  Jefferies,  a  Study/by  H.  S.  Salt.  Lond. :  1894.  This  book, 
in  its  large  paper  8vo  edition  rejoices  in  excellent  type,  and  hand-made 
paper  with  wide  margins ;  it  has  a  photographic  portrait  of  R.  Jefferies 
as  a  frontispiece,  and  as  illustrations  four  wash  drawings  of  Coate  and  the 
neighbourhood,  reproduced  by  some  process  analogous  to  photogravure  with 
singularly  soft  and  pleasing  results.  In  five  chapters  the  author  deals  with 
his  subject  as  man,  naturalist,  poet-naturalist,  thinker,  and  writer,  and  the 
book  concludes  with  a  bibliographical  appendix  of  his  works. 

Mr.  Salt  holds  a  very  high  opinion  of  Jefferies'  power  and  value  as  a 
writer.  "  He  is  one  of  the  small  number,  the  very  small  number,  of  great 
prose  writers  of  his  generation  " — but  he  grounds  that  opinion  not  on  the 
excellence  of  those  studies  of  wild  and  rural  life  by  which  he  is  so  widely 
known,  but  on  his  later  mystical  writings,  and  more  especially  on  his 
"  autobiography  " — The  Story  of  My  Heart.  "  Whereas  Jefferies'  real 
and  ultimate  fame  as  a  writer  is  based  on  his  later  and  more  imaginative 
essays,  his  present  commercial-literary  reputation  is  based  on  an  antecedent 
transitional  and  distinctly  subordinate  phase  of  workmanship.  He  survives 
in  booksellers'  catalogues  as  the  author  of  the  Gamekeeper  at  Home,  that 
he  may  be  known  to  future  ages  as  the  author  of  The  Story  of  My  Heart.11 
"  Jefferies  in  the  finest  efforts  of  his  genius  is  necessarily  for  the  few," 
the  few  superior  beings  who  can  enter  into  his  mystic  "  ectasies,"  and 
sympathise  with  him  in  those  moments  of  "  exaltation  "  which  he  shared 
we  are  told  with  the  "  adepts "  of  the  East.  To  rise  to  this  height  of 
appreciation  it  is  apparently  necessary  to  be  in  religion  a  Pantheist,  and 
in  politics  a  Communist — a  state  of  mind  to  which  perhaps  the  average 
Wiltshireman  can  hardly  hope  to  attain.  He  will,  nevertheless,  find  Mr. 
Salt's  essay  very  readable. 

The  small  paper  edition,  price  2s.  Qd.,  forms  one  of  the  "  Dilettante 
Library  "  issued  by  Messrs.  Swan,  Sonnenschein,  &  Co. 

The  book  has  been  widely  noticed  in  the  Times,  December  28th,  1893  ; 
Saturday  Review,  March  3rd,  1894;  Daily  Chronicle,  January  25th, 
1894  ;  and  twenty-one  other  London  and  provincial  and  twelve  American 
papers. 

"  Richard  Jefferies,  the  Man  and  his  Work"  is   the   title  of  a  lecture 
delivered  at  the  Salisbury  Museum,  on  February  8th,  1894,  by  Mr.  J.  L. 


320  Wiltshire  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Articles. 

Veitch,  and  reprinted  from  the  Salisbury  Journal  in  small  pamphlet 
form.  Mr.  Veitch  gives  an  interesting  survey  *of  Jefferies'  writings,  and 
seems  to  take  a  juster  view  of  his  works  on  the  whole  than  some  other 
recent  critics  have  done  who  have  been  more  effusive  in  their  praise. 

<*  Richard  Jefferies  and  his  Home  in  Wiltshire/''  hy  Bertha  Neweome, 
is  an  article  of  seven  pages  in  Sylvia's  Journal  for  March,  1894,  illustrated 
with  eight  process  reproductions  of  drawings  by  the  authoress,  of  the  house 
at  Coate,  the  gamekeeper's  cottage,  scenes  on  the  downs,  &c. 

The  authoress  follows  Mr.  Salt  in  her  estimate  of  the  comparative  value 
of  his  earlier  and  later  writings,  especially  holding  up  for  our  admiration 
those  passages  in  which  he  inveighs  most  bitterly  against  the  iniquity  of 
all  things  as  they  are. 

Wiltshire  Words,  a  Glossary  of  Words  used  in  the  County  of 
Wiltshire,  by  George  Edward  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  Edward 
Hungerford  Goddard,  M.A.  8vo,  London,  1893.  Pp.  xix.  and  235. 
Price,  15*.  net.  This  is  a  re-publication  by  the  English  Dialect  Society  of 
the  three  papers  of  "  Contributions  towards  a  Wiltshire  Glossary"  which  have 
appeared  in  the  Wilts  Arch.  Mag.,  in  connected  form,  with  a  considerable 
number  of  additions  and  corrections,  prefaced  by  a  short  grammatical  intro- 
duction, and  containing  twelve  pages  of  specimens  of  Wiltshire  talk,  partly 
original,  and  partly  taken  from  Akerman's  Tales.  There  are  also  three 
appendices  ;  a  short  bibliography  of  works  relating  to  Wilts  and  illustrating 
its  dialect ;  a  MS.  vocabulary  of  the  end  of  the  last  century ;  and  a 
list  of  Wilts  words,  from  the  Monthly  Magazine. 

Favourable  notices  have  appeared  in  the  Saturday  Review,  May  5th, 
1894;  Notes  and  Queries,  May  12th,  1894;  Glasgow  Herald,  March 
22nd,  1894 ;  Scotsman,  March  26th,  1894 ;  and  The  Speaker,  April  7th, 
1894. 

A  Genealogical  and  Biographical  Record  of  the  Savery  Families 
descended  from  early  immigrants  to  New  England  and  Phila- 
delphia, &c.,  by  A.  W.  Savary,  M.A.  Boston,  U.S.A.,  1893.  This  is 
a  nicely  got  up  large  8vo  book  of  266  pp.,  with  twenty-one  plates— chiefly 
portraits  of  American  members  of  the  different  branches  of  the  Savery 
family — dealing  with  the  various  ramifications  of  the  family  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  and  also  giving  details  of  their  earlier  history  in 
England.  It  is  so  far  interesting  to  Wiltshiremen  that  one  chief  branch 
of  the  family  seems  to  have  sprung  originally  from  Hannington  and  the 
neighbouring  parishes.  Indeed,  the  name  Savory,  Savary,  or  Savery,  is 
found  in  old  registers  of  a  good  many  North  Wilts  parishes. 


Wiltshire  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Articles.  321 

Early  Days  of  Marlborough  College.  Amongst  the  books  apparently 
called  into  existence  by  the  occurrence  of  the  Jubilee  of  Marlborough  College 
in  1893  is  "  The  Early  Days  of  Marlborough  College,  or  Public  School 
Life  between  forty  and  fifty  years  ago,  to  which  is  added  a  Glimpse  of 
old  Haileybury  ;  Patna  during  the  Mutiny ;  a  Sketch  of  the  Natural 
History  of  the  Eiviera  ;  and  Life  in  an  Oxfordshire  Village  :  by  Edward 
Lock  wood,  Indian  Civil  Service  (retired),  author  of  'The  Natural  History 
of  Monghyr.'  Illustrated.  London.  1893."  Square  8vo. 

The  author  appears  to  have  had  but  a  poor  time  at  Marlborough,  and 
he  takes  advantage  of  every  opportunity  that  offers  to  talk  about  anything 
else  in  heaven  or  earth  rather  than  Marlborough.  The  book  is  plentifully 
besprinkled  with  illustrations,  but  what  the  mammoth  which  meets  us  on 
p.  4,  or  the  "  Skeleton  of  a  Fish  Lizard,"  or  the  Andalusian  Quail,  or  the 
Koller,  or  the  Spanish  Bull  Fight  have  to  do  with  Marlborough  or  its 
College  it  is  difficult  for  anyone  but  the  author  to  say. 

Stonehenge,  by  the  Eev.  E.  H.  Goddard,  forms  part  of  the  6d.  Handbook 
to  Woodhouse  Park,  London,  and  the  full-sized  model  of  "  Stonehenge  as  it 
was,"  therein  erected,  opened  to  the  public  on  May  19th,  1894.  Its  twenty- 
eight  pages  contain,  as  concisely  as  possible,  the  chief  facts  as  to  the  history 
of  the  structure ;  the  various  theories  of  its  origin  and  use  ;  the  petrology  of 
its  stones  ;  the  means  by  which  they  were  worked  and  erected  ;  the  barrows 
and  cursus  ;  and  the  arguments  for  the  different  dates  to  which  it  has  been 
assigned. 

The  "Origin  of  Stonehenge "  by  Struthio  (H.  W.  Estridge,  Minety 
House,  Malmesbury),  price  Qd.,  is  not  an  archaeological  treatise,  but  a  small 
pamphlet  of  thirteen  pages  containing  an  imaginative  story  of  the  last 
Emperor  of  Atlantis  and  his  wife,  as  a  mysterious  memorial  of  whose 
greatness  Stonehenge  was  set  up,  just  before  the  general  submergence  of  the 
empire. 

Wiltshire  Notes  and  Queries,  No.  4,  for  December,  1893,  contains  a 
short  account  of  Marshwood  House,  Dinton,  with  an  illustration,  by  A.  W. 
Whatmore  ;  seven  pages  of  Wiltshire  Folk  Lore  ;  jottings  of  various  kinds  ; 
The  Hyde  Family  and  Trowbridge ;  children's  games— none  of  which, 
however,  seem  to  have  any  special  connection  with  Wiltshire ;  several  extracts 
from  Sritton's  Beauties,  Wayleris  History  of  Marlborough,  &c.,  and  old 
Magazines  ;  seven  pages  of  queries,  and  fourteen  of  replies — some  containing 
matter  of  considerable  genealogical  and  historical  interest. 

No.  5,  March,  1894,  has  a  photo  of  the  Westbury  White  Horse  as  a 
frontispiece,  with  a  short  account  of  it ;    genealogical  notes  on  Dugdale  of 
Wilts,  by  Mr.  A.  Schomberg  ;  and  a  continuation  of  "  Children's  Games  " — iu 
VOL.    XXVII. NO.    LXXXI.  Z 


Wiltshire  Books,  Pamphlets,  and  Articles. 

which,  as  in  the  preceding  number,  the  games  are  chiefly  the  games  of  educated 
children.  A  note  on  Clarendon  Palace  with  a  reproduction  of  Stukeley's 
view  of  the  ruins  follows,  and  then  come  eight  pages  of  reprints  of  notices  of 
matters  concerning  Wiltshire  from  the  Gentleman's  Magazine.  These  are 
of  much  interest,  and  are  to  be  continued  in  future  numbers.  Notes  on  old 
rhymes ;  the  last  use  of  the  pillory  in  Wilts  ;  a  Wilts  inventor  ;  Mr.  J.  Browne's 
antediluvian  theory  of  Stoneheuge  ;  a  pretty  little  view  of  Purton,  from 
No.  36  of  Marshall's  Select  Views  in  Great  Britain  ',  and  queries  and 
replies  on  various  matters  complete  the  number. 

Salisbury  Field  Club,  Transactions  (vol.  I.,  pt.  v.),  lately  issued,  contains, 
in  addition  to  the  report  of  the  annual  meeting,  accounts  of  excursions  to  the 
New  Forest,  to  Grateley  and  Ludgershall,  and  Bradford-ou-Avou,  &c.,  the 
will  of  Lady  Mary  Lisle,  of  Thruxton,  Hants,  a  transcript  of  part  of  an  in- 
teresting survey  of  the  Close,  Salisbury,  in  1649,  by  Mr.  A.  R.  Maiden,  and 
some  early  churchwardens'  and  overseers'  accounts  of  East  Knoyle,  with 
wonderful  examples  of  phonetic  spelling,  by  the  Rev.  R.  W.  Milford. 

Sherston.  Good  Words  for  May,  1894,  has  a  paper  by  the  Very  Rev.  Dean 
Spence,  entitled  "  The  City  of  the  White  Walls,"  illustrated  with  three  sketches 
of  Sherston,  by  Herbert  Railton  ;  in  which  the  author  argues  that  the  "  White 
Town"  mentioned  in  the  poem  of  Llywarch  Hen  as  sacked  and  destroyed 
immediately  after  the  great  British  defeat  at  Deorham  (A.D.  577)  waa 
"  Sceorstane,"  meaning  the  "  White  or  Bright  Stone,"  the  modern  Sherston 
Magua — near  which  he  says  the  stones  marking  the  ford  by  which  the  Roman 
Foss  Way  crossed  the  Avon,  as  well  as  the  earthworks  of  the  military  station 
adjoining,  are  still  visible— the  spot  still  bearing  the  name  of  "  White  Walls." 

Wilts  Corporation  Plate.  The  Illustrated  Archaeologist,  March,  1894, 
has  a  short  illustrated  paper  on  this  subject,  which  will  appear  in  a  more 
complete  and  extended  form  in  a  future  number  of  the  Wilts  Archaeological 
Magazine. 

The  Jutes  and  the  Wansdyke.  Under  this  title  Mr.  F.  M.  Willis  has  a 
short  paper  in  the  Antiquary  for  June,  1894,  in  which  he  argues  "  That  the 
Jutes  had  a  strong  colony  on  our  east  coast  even  prior  to  the  coming  of  Julius 
Caesar  ;  (2)  that  after  the  departure  of  the  Romans  they  formed  fresh 
settlements  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  notably  in  Oxfordshire,  Gloucester- 
shire, and  Worcestershire  ;  (3)  that  to  them  we  may  attribute  that  great 
archa3ological  puzzle,  the  Wansdyke."  His  arguments  are  entirely  ety- 
mological, founded  on  the  supposed  resemblance  of  place-names  in  Oxfordshire 
and  Gloucestershire  and  along  the  line  of  the  Wansdyke  with  others  supposed 
to  be  of  Jutish  origin  in  Kent  and  Hants.  The  making  of  the  Wansdyke 
itself  he  refers  to  .ZEsc,  the  son  of  Hengest, 


Wiltshire  Books,   Pamphlets,  and  Articles.  323 

Lacock  Abbey,  In  the  Building  Ncivs  for  July  21st,  1893,  appeared  a  short 
account  of  Lacock  Abbey  by  Mr.  Harold  Brakspear,  A.R.I.B.A.,  accompanied 
by  a  series  of  excellent  measured  drawings  of  the  abbey  and  its  details,  which 
we  hope  some  day  to  see  reproduced  in  the  Magazine. 

Picturesque  Salisbury  is  a  small  pamphlet  lately  issued  as  an  advertisement 
by  Mr.  E.  J.  Orchard,  chemist,  with  twelve  views  of  the  city  and  neighbourhood. 

Salisbury  Cathedral.  A  short  paper  by  "an  Old  Chorister,"  appears  in  the 
Organist  and  Choirmaster,  No.  1,  May^  1893. 

Caston  Court.  The  Lady,  January  4th,  1894,  has.au  article  on  "  Corsham 
and  its  surroundings,"  with  an  illustration  of  this  old  farm-house. 

Calnc  Church.  The  Illustrated  Church  News  for  February  17th,  1894,  has 
an  article  on  this  Church  with  two  illustrations  of  the  building. 

A  Wiltshire  Ballad.  The  Newbery  House  Magazine,  March,  1894,  con- 
tains  "  A  Wiltshire  Ballad  "  of  forty  lines  by  Alan  Brodrick,  written  in 
dialect;  but  surely  "thic"  is  never  plural,  and  "byre"  hardly  belongs  to 
the  vulgar  tongue  of  Wilts. 

Biographical  Notices.  The  Law  Gazette,  July*  189,3,  has  a.  portrait  and 
biographical  note  on  Judge  Caillard.  The  Religious  Review  of  Reviews, 
March,  1894,  gives  a  portrait  of  Earl  Nelson  and  a  sketch  at  some  length 
written  by  T.  C.  Collings.  Vanity  Fair,  September,  1893,  has  portrait  and 
sketch  of  the  Duke  of  Beaufort.  The  Christian  Globe,  April  27th,  1894, 
contains  portrait  and  sketch  of  the  career  of  the  Rev.  George  Short,  of 
Salisbury,  President  of  the  Baptist  Union.  The  Devizes  Gazette  May  18th, 
1893,  reprints  from  the  Daily  Telegraph  a  sketch  of  the  life  of  Maria, 
Marchioness  ef  Ailesbury. 

Other  books  by  Wiltshire  authors,  lately  issued,  are  : — 

A  Noble  Sacrifice.  A  Temperance  Tale.  By  Emily  Grace  Harding.  London  : 
Walter  Scott,  1894.  Noticed  in  Salisbury  Journal,  March  17th,  1894. 

The  Little  Squire.  By  Mrs.  H.  de  la  Pasture  (Burton  Hill,  Malmesbury). 
A  study  of  child  life.  Noticed  in  Devizes  Gazette,  March  22nd,  1894. 

Parochial  Self-Government  in  Rural  Districts,  By  H.  C.  Stephens,  M.P.,  of 
Cholderton  Lodge.  London:  Longma-nsj  1893.  Noticed  in  Salisbury 
Journal,  July  1st,  1893. 

The  Autobiography  of  an  old  Passport.  By  Rev.  A.  C.  Smith.  London  : 
Digby,  Long,  &  Co.,  1893.  Noticed  in  Daily  Telegraph,  August  17th, 
1893,  and  Devizes  Gazette,  September  7th,  1893. 


324  Additions  to  Museum  and  Library. 

The  Path  to  Freedom.     By  Canon  E.  K.  Bernard.     London  :  J.  Nisbet  &  Co., 

1894.     Five  sermons  on  the  Epistle  to  the  Galatians.     Noticed  in  Salisbury 

Journal,  July  1st,  1893. 
Come  back  from  the    Dead.      By   Christopher   Howard   (Mrs.    Withers). 

Digby,  Long,  &  Co.     (Novel  founded  on  Salisbury  legend  of  a  lady  buried 
in  a  trance  who  was  roused  by  sexton  cutting  off  her  ring.)     Noticed  in 

Salisbury  Journal,  November  18th,  1893. 
Measurement    of    Light    and    Colour    Sensations.     By  J.    W.    Lovibond 

(Salisbury).     London:    Gill  and  Son.      Noticed  in  Salisbury  Journal, 

September  23rd,  1893. 

E.    H,   GODDARD. 


to      tt«ttm  rnifo 


THE  MUSEUM. 

Presented  by  Mr.  G.  ASHLEY  DODD  :—  Puffin,  found  at  Codford,  November 

20th,  1893. 

Presented  by  Mr.  J.  W.  BROOKE  :—  Marlborough  token,  Oliver  Shropshire. 
Presented  by  Mrs.  CHALMERS  :—  Boar's  tusk,  from  Potterne. 
Presented  by  Mr.  COWABD  :  —  Ancient  horseshoe  and  hammer-head  found  under 

an  old  road  at  Roundway. 
Presented  by  THE  SWTNDON  BEIOK  AND  TILE  COMPANY  :—  The  greater  part 

of  the  skeleton  of  a  Pleiosaurus,  from  the  Kimmeridge  Clay  of  Swindon  ; 

and  an  ammonite. 
Presented  by  Mr.  G.  HOLLO  WAY  :—  Fragment  of  Pottery  from  "Blackberries" 

allotment,  Potterne. 

Presented  by  Mr.  H.  N.  GODDAED  :—  Ancient  key,  from  Oldbury  Hill. 
Presented  by  Mr.  W.  STBATTON  :  —  The  collection  of  objects  found  in  and  around 

the  tumulus  on  Cold  Kitchen  Hill,  1893,  enumerated  on  page  284  ;  also  a 

socketed  bronze  celt,  from  Kingston  Deverill. 
Deposited    on  loan  by  Mr.  H.  WOOLCOTT  :  —  Fragments  of  Roman  crossbow, 

hammer-head,  and  bone  handle  of  dagger,  from  an  interment  on  Burbage 

Down. 
Purchased  :—  second  examples  of  Wilts  seventeenth  century  tokens—  Corsham, 

Edith  Ad  Dad  Woodman  ;    Sarum,  Henry  Mattershaw  ;  unpublished  War- 

minster  token,  W.B. 

THE  LIBRARY. 

Bequeathed  by  the  late  Mr.  J.  WAYLEN  :  —  Seventeen  bound  volumes  of  "  Wilts 
Tracts,"  containing  the  following  items  new  to  the  Library  :  —  The  Battle  of 


Additions  to  Museum  and  Library.  32  5 

Eddington,  or  British  Liberty,  a  Tragedy  (by  John  Perm),  1796.  Malraes- 
bury,  registration  appeal,  Gale  v.  Chubb,  Letter  to  Electors  by  H.  Gale,  1846. 
Archdeacon  Daubeney,  charge,  1805.  Bishop  Burgess,  ditto,  1829.  Bishop 
Burnel,  sermon,  1706.  Bishop  Shute  Barrington,  Letter  to  Clergy,  &c.,  1789. 
Thomas  Parsons,  Funeral  Sermon  on  Mrs.  Elizabeth  Phillips,  1799.  Sir 
Stephen  Fox,  Kt.,  Memoirs  of,  1717.  Wiltshire  New  Phenomenon  or 
Free-thinking  Christian  Philosopher,  1752.  Rev.  J.  Prince,  Visitation  Sermon 
at  East  Lavington,  1809.  Devizes  Miscellany,  1852,  odd  numbers.  Meeting 
of  agricultural  labourers  in  North  Wilts,  1846.  Legend  of  Silbury  Hill, 
from  Belgravia  Annual.  The  Pope's  Palace,  by  Eev.  C.  Lucas.  Ruth 
Pierce,  or  Evil  Consequences  of  Lying.  The  Authorship  of  the  Letters  of 
Junius  elucidated,  J.  Britton,  1848.  Bishop  Talbot,  charge,  1716.  Letter 
to  the  Bishop  of  Salisbury  by  Rev.  H.  Hoare,  1842.  Letter  by  the 
Rev.  J.  H.  Hastings,  on  absolution,  1851.  Report  of  trial  for  libel, 
Merriman  v.  Woodman.  1836.  County  Lunatic  Asylum,  three  first  reports, 
1852-4.  Antiquities  of  Marlborough  College,  by  the  Rev.  G.  E.  L.  Cotton, 
1855.  Vital  Statistics  of  the  City  of  Salisbury,  with  comments  on  the 
cholera  visitation  of  1849,  by  John  Winzar,  1850.  A  scramble  for  a  curacy 
one  hundred  years  ago.  English  Etymologies,  by  H.  Fox  Talbot,  review  of. 
1846.  J.  Britton,  Catalogue  of  Wilts  Topography.  Baptists  in  England 
two  hundred  years  ago.  Historical  Memoirs  of  the  Baptist  Church  in  Calne, 
by  Isaac  Taylor,  1776.  Unitarians,  discourse  to,  by  John  Howe,  1799. 
Memoir  of  Admiral  Sir  Philip  Durham  (M.P.  for  Devizes),  1846.  Appendix 
to  Life  of  Bishop  Seth  Ward,  1697.  The  Alcohol  Question,  by  Dr.  F.  E. 
Anstie,  1862.  An  Answer  to  the  Fallacies  of  Drs.  Inman  and  Anstie, 
1863.  Abury  Illustrated,  by  W.  Long,  with  addenda  and  notes,  1858. 
Refutation  of  Doctrine  of  Transubstantiation,  by  Rev.  C.  Lucas,  n.d. 
Bishop  Burnet,  new  preface  and  additional  chapter  to  3rd  Ed.  of  Pastoral 
Care,  1712.  W.  Itchener,  Rector  of  Christian  Malford,  Defence  of  the  Canon 
of  the  Old  Testament,  1723.  J.  Barclay,  Sermon  at  Presbyterian  Chapel, 
Malmesbury,  1807.  Mute  Disciple,  Devizes.  Farmer  B— .  J.  Russell, 
Funeral  Sermon  on  Mr.  Manning  Evans,  Melksham,  1840.  Memoir  of  G. 
Smith,  of  Trowbridge.  J.  Clark,  Funeral  Sermon  on  Mrs.  Joanna  Turner, 
and  Elegiac  Poem,  1784.  F.  Skurray,  of  Horningsham,  Sermon,  1803. 
W.  Jay,  Funeral  Sermon  on  Mrs.  Eliza  Berry,  Warminster,  1812.  Sermon, 
Endless  Street  Chapel,  Salisbury,  1815.  Admiral  J.  H.  Tayler,  of  Devizes, 
Floating  Breakwaters,  1862.  Life  of  John  Davis,  1844.  Circumstantial 
Account  of  the  unfortunate  Young  Lady,  Miss  Bell,  otherwise  Sharpe,  1760. 
W.  Dods worth,  Guide  to  Salisbury  Cathedral,  &c.,  1792.  Local  Annals  of 
Devizes.  Memoir  of  M.  Dodson  (of  Marlborough),  1800.  The  Miseries  of 
the  Miserable,  wool  Trade,  1739.  J.  Stonehouse,  Admonitions  against 
Swearing,  &c.,  1805.  Sermon  at  Salisbury  before  Governors  of  Infirmaryr 
1771.  J.  Stennet,  Sermon  to  Ministers  met  together  at  Bratton,  1752. 
J.  Bowden,  Sermon  at  Ordination  of  S.  Billingsley,  at  Marlborough,  172&. 
Coleridge  and  Brabant.  Office  for  Laying  Foundation  of  New  Church  at 
Zeals,  1845.  John  Priaulx,  D.D.,  Brief  Account  of  Office  of  Dean  Rural, 
1666,  ed,  by  W.  Dansey,  1832.  The  Haunted  Farmer,  or  the  Ghost  of  the 
Granary ;  poem  ;  1800.  Longbridge  Devcrill  Church,  Sermon  at  the 


326  Additions  to  Museum,  and  Library. 

re-opening,  1853.  W.  L.  Bowles,  Answer  to  Question  "  Of  what  use  are 
Cathedral  Establishments?"  &c.,  1833  :  Song  of  the  Battle  of  the  Nile, 
1799  :  Hope  :  an  allegorical  poern,  1796.  J.  Wiche,  Sermon  at  Salisbury 
on  Rebellion  of  1745.  E.  Popham,  Assize  Sermon,  1791.  T.  Dray  ton,  two 
Sermons  at  Wilton,  1756.  Sermons  at  Wiltshire  Feast,  T.  Pierce,  1658  : 
S.  Masters,  1684.  Bishop  Hoadley,  Charge,  1721.  Dr.  H.  Chalmers, 
Sermon,  1648.  Dr.  D.  Whitby,  three  Sermons  at  Salisbury,  1680-83. 
W.  Garrett,  Persuasive  to  Study  of  Revelations,  1698.  Funeral  Sermon  oil 
Rev.  J.  Biggs,  of  Devizes.  Declaration  of  Parliament,  September  27th, 
1649.  Libel  Case  :  Gorges  Lowther  and  J.  T.  Batt ;  proceedings.  Sermons 
on  Death  of  Mr.  Davis,  of  Horuingsham,  by  F.  Skurray,  1807.  Sermon  at 
Devizes,  1832,  by  Rev.  C.  Lucas.  J.  Frearson,  The  Fatal  Flood  :  a  poem, 
1841.  Tricks  and  Triumphs,  or  the  Borough  degraded,  Devizes,  1842. 
Letter  of  Lord  Marquesse  of  Hertford  to  the  Queen,  &c.,  1641.  Letter 
concerning  the  taking  of  Marlborough,  1642.  Archdeacon  Creede,  Sermon, 
Judah's  Purging,  1660.  Bishop  Buruet,  Funeral  Sermon  on  Hon.  R. 
Boyle,  1692.  Bishop  Ward,  Funeral  Sermon  on  Duke  of  Albernarle,  1670. 
Dr.  H.  Chambers,  Funeral  Sermon  on  Mr.  J.  Graille,  of  Tidworth,  1655. 
E.  Young,  Assize  Sermon,  Salisbury,  1693.  J.  Kelsey,  Sermon  at  Conse- 
cration of  a  Chapel  in  house  of  J.  Collins,  at  Chute,  1673.  Ludlow  no  Lyar, 
&c.,  1692.  Refutation  of  Heresies  prevalent  at  Lambourn,  &c.,  1694.  Earl 
of  Pembroke's  Speech  in  House  of  Peeres,  1648.  Newes  from  Pembroke 
and  Montgomery,  or  Oxford  Manchester'd,  1648.  The  manner  of  the  election 
of  Philip  Herbert,  Earle  of  Pembroke,  for  Berkshire,  &c.,  1649.  Ordinance 
of  Parliament  to  associate  Counties  of  Wilts,  Somerset,  Dorset,  &c.,  1644. 
Charge  of  James  Mountagu  to  Grand  Jury,  Devizes,  1720.  Letter  to  an 
M.P.  proposing  to  abolish  the  Ten  Commandments,  1738.  Account  of  Pro- 
ceedings against  Rebels  in  Duke  of  Monmouth's  Rebellion,  1716.  Gillman's 
Devizes  Public  Register,  &c.,  1858,  1859.  T.  E.  Fuller,  Funeral  Sermon  on 
Rev.  Jacob  Jones,  Melksham,  1857.  Dean  Greene,  Sermon  on  first  anni- 
versary of  the  Infirmary,  Salisbury,  1767.  T.  Broughton  (Prebendary  of 
Sarum),  Defence  of  Commonly  Received  Doctrine  of  Human  Soul,  1766. 
Bishop  Talbot,  Assize  Sermon,  Salisbury,  1716.  Archdeacon  Coxe's  Letters 
,  to  J.  Benett  on  Tithe  Commutation.  Reply  of  J.  Benett,  1715.  J.  Ryland, 
Sermon  at  Annual  Meeting  of  Baptist  Churches  at  Salisbury,  1798.  Bishop 
Barrington,  Letter  to  Clergy  with  Directions  as  to  Orders,  Institutions,  &c., 
4to,  1790.  Bill  for  the  Better  Relief  and  Employment  of  the  Poor  in  the 
County  of  Wilts,  1763.  Three  Tracts  published  at  Amsterdam  under  name 
of  Gen.  Ludlow's  Letters,  4to,  Lond.,  1812.  J.  Filkes,  Funeral  Sermons  on 
J.  Wright,  and  Mrs.  Sarah  Wright,  of  Devizes,  1713  and  1714.  Easton's 
Conjectures  on  Stoneheuge,  fourteenth  ed.,  1826.  Recollection  of  Remark- 
able Events  connected  with  the  City  of  New  Sarum,  1817.  Historical 
Associations  of  Malmesbury  Abbey,  Michael.  Life  of  Bishop  Jewell.  H. 
M.  Grover,  a  Voice  from  Stonehenge.  H.  M.  Gunu,  Memorial  of  the  Non- 
conforming  Clergy  of  Wilts  and  East  Somerset,  in  1662,  1862.  C.  Gillman, 
Short  History  of  St.  Mary's  Chapel,  Devizes,  1888,  Memoir  of  Charles 
Atherton,  of  Calne,  1875.  Is  the  Bible  Society  Contrary  to  the  Bible  and 
Hostile  to  the  Church  ?  1843.  Sir  John  Stonhouse,  of  Great  CheverelJ. 


Additions  to   Museum  and  Library,  327 

Materials  for  Talking  with  Children  on  Religion,  1795.  J.  G.  Fuller,  Brief 
History  of  the  Western  Association,  1843.  Letter  to  Landholders  of  the 
County  of  Wilts  on  Alarming  State  of  the  Poor,  1793.  A  Briton's  Address 
to  his  Countrymen  on  the  Alarming  State  of  the  Nation  :  poem,  1803. 
Devizes  Almanack,  1776.  E.  J.  Phipps,  Preparation  for  Church  Catechism, 
n.d.  Treatise  on  the  Ananas  or  Pine  Apple,  by  Adam  Taylor,  Devizes,  1769. 
The  New  Art  of  Thriving,  or  the  Way  to  Get  and  Keep  Money,  Devizes. 
Sarum  :  a  poem,  1776.  Memoirs  of  Rev.  John  Clark,  by  W.  Jay,  1810. 
C.  Lucas,  John  Buckland  and  the  Bull,  1858.  Devizes  Petition  in  behalf 
of  Queen  Caroline.  Circular  Letter  to  Wilts  and  East  Somerset  Association 
at  Brat  ton,  1863,  and  Westbury  Leigh,  1864.  First  and  Second  Letters 
to  Protestant  Dissenters  met  at  Devizes,  1789.  L.  Twells,  Answer  to 
Enquiry  as  to  Demoniacks,  1737.  J.  Griffith,  Charge  at  Ordination  of  W. 
George,  1750.  Bishop  Atterbury's  Vindication,  &c.,  and  Will  of  Lord 
Clarendon,  1733.  R.  Eyre,  Sermon,  Thanksgiving  Day,  1713.  Thomas 
Chadlicot,  Speech  at  Bishops  Cannings.  J.  Hoadley,  Sermon  at  Salisbury, 
1707.  J.  Kelsey,  Concio,  &c. 

Presented  by  THE  AUTHOR  :— Life  of  William,  Earl  of  Shelburne,  1st  Marquess 
of  Lansdowne,  by  Lord  E.  Fitzmaurice  ;  three  vols.,  1875-6. 

Prebented  by  THE  AUTHOR  :— The  Temple  of  the  Andes  (Peruvian  Monuments), 
4to,  1884,  by  R.  Inwards,  F.R.A.S. 

Presented  by  Mr.  G.  E.  DAETNELL  :— Richard  Jefferies,  the  Man  and  his  Work, 
by  J.  L.  Veitch  ;  pamphlet,  1894.  Richard  Jefferies  and  his  Home  in 
Wiltshire,  by  Bertha  Newcombe,  from  Sylvia's  Journal,  1894.  Records 
of  Salisbury  Infirmary,  1766—1893,  pamphlet. 

Presented  by  SIR  THOMAS  FOWLER,  Bart, :— Memoir  of  Sir  R.  N.  Fowler,  Bart., 
M.P.,  by  Rev.  J.  S.  Flynn,  1893. 

Presented  by  the  Rev.  E.  H.  GODDARD  : — Wiltshire  Words  :  a  Glossary  of  the 
Words  used  in  the  County  of  Wilts,  by  G.  E.  Dartnell  and  the  Rev.  E.  H. 
Goddard.  Kelly's  Directory  of  Wilts,  1880.  St.  Editha  sive  Chronicon 
Vilodunense,  1883.  Death  and  Resurrection  ;  The  claims  of  the  Priesthood 
considered  ;  The  Two  Blasphemies  ;  The  Outskirts  of  Revelation,  by  the 
Rev.  H.  Harris.  J.  Du  Boulay,  Evidences  of  Rational  Evangelism,  1875. 
Appeal  for  the  Preservation  of  Inglesham  Church.  Handbook  to  Stonehenge 
Restored,  in  Woodhouse  Park. 

Presented  by  Mr.  W.  CUNNINGTON,  F.G.S. : — Fine  vellum  deed,  with  Great 
Seal  of  Queen  Anne,  concerning  the  manor  and  advowson  of  Hilperton,  &c. 
J.  and  E.  Waylen,  History  of  Nonconformity  in  Devizes,  1877.  J.  Waylen, 
History  of  Quakers  of  Wilts,  and  Mornings  at  Bowood.  G.  A.  Rowell, 
Lecture  on  the  storm  in  Wiltshire,  1859. 

Presented  by  THE  AUTHOR,    Mr.  S.  J.  Elyard :— Some  old  Wiltshire  Homes, 

1894. 

Presented  by  THE  AUTHOR,  Mr.  C.  W.  Holgate  : — Index  of  Surnames  of  Win- 
chester Commoners,  1800—1835,  1893. 

Presented  by  THE   AUTHOR,   Judge  A.  W.  Savary :— Families  of  Savory  or 

Savery,  U.S.A. 
Presented  by  THE  AUTHOR,  Mr.  H.  W.  Estridge :— The  Origin  of  Stonehenge. 


328  Additions  to  Museum  and  Library. 

Presented  by  THE  AUTHOB,  Mr.  E.  J.  Orchard : — Picturesque  Salisbury. 
Pamphlet. 

Presented  by  Mr.  W.  H.  LONG,  M.P. :— Kite's  Monumental  Brasses  of  Wiltshire. 

Presented  by  Miss  NIGHTINGALE  : — Contributions  towards  the  History  of  Early 
English  Porcelain,  by  J.  E.  Nightingale,  1881. 

Presented  by  Mr.  A.  SCHOMBEEG  :— R.  Colborne,  of  Chippenham,  The  Plain 
English  Dispensatory,  1753.  Ed.  Wells,  a  Treatise  of  Antient  and  Present 
Geography,  1717. 

Presented  by  Mr.  C.  GILLMAN  : — History  of  the  Oldest  Free  Church  in  England 
(Horningshan  Chapel).  Fifteen  numbers  of  the  Devizes  Register. 

By  Exchange  :— Memoirs  of  the  Life  and  Writings  of  Rev.  A.  Collier,  of  Langford 
Magna,  by  R.  Benson,  1837.  Pewsey  Enclosure  Act,  1775.  Rev.  Thomas 
Twining,  of  Trowbridge,  Sermons  and  Biographical  Sketch,  1801. — T.  J. 
Elliott,  The  Land  Question  illustrated  by  experience  on  the  Wilton  House 
Home  Farm.  The  Laud  Scare,  illustrated  by  Wilton  House  Home  Farm. 
John  Large,  Secrets  of  Farming,  1863.  Diaries  and  Correspondence  of 
James  Harris,  1st  Earl  of  Malmesbury  ;  four  vols.,  1844-45.  Couper's 
Robin's  Lays,  Trowbridge,  1881.  The  Illustrated  Archaeologist,  1893  and 
1894.  Warner's  Excursions  from  Bath,  1801.  Dr.  Sacheverell's  Tryall, 
1710.  Bird's  History  of  Malmesbury,  1876.  Transactions  East  Riding 
Antiq.  Society  for  year  1893.  Philipp's  Cartularium  Saxonicum  Malmes- 
buriense.  Diocesan  History  of  Salisbury,  S.P.C.K.  Prof.  Skeat,  Five 
Reprinted  Glossaries,  Wilts  Words,  &c.,  1879. 

Purchased: — G.  A.  Ellis,  Historical  Enquiries  into  character  of  Edward  Hyde, 
Lord  Clarendon,  1827.  C.  Harrison,  The  Church  at  Bird  Bush  (Donhead 
St.  Mary),  1853.  F.  Skurray,  Sonnets  on  various  subjects,  1845.  W. 
Jerdan,  Works  and  Sketch  of  Life  of  G.  Herbert,  1853.  Leslie  Stephen, 
Life  of  Henry  Fawcett,  1886.  F.  S.  Russell,  Memoir  of  Earl  of  Peter- 
borough  and  Monmouth,  1887.  Dark,  a  Tale  of  the  Down  Country. 
Memoir  of  Stafford  Brown,  Yicar  of  Westbury,  1863.  Autobiography  of 
Rev.  W.  Jay,  1855.  J.  S.  Harford,  Life  of  Bishop  Burgess,  1840.  Kelly's 
Wiltshire  (County  Topographies),  1875.  E.  Lockwood,  The  Early  Days  of 
Marlborough  College,  1893.  Dr.  J.  Merewether,  Diary  of  a  Dean,  Silbury, 
&c.,  1851.  H.  S.  Salt,  Richard  Jefferies,  a  Study,  1894.  Thomas  Hobbes, 
of  Malmesbury,  True  Ecclesiastical  History  from  Moses  to  the  time  of 
Martin  Luther,  in  verse,  1722.  W.  L.  Bowles,  volume  of  Pamphlets. 
Bethesda  Baptist  Church,  Trowbridge,  Brief  Sketch  of.  T.  Mann,  Brief 
History  of  Tabernacle  Church,  Trowbridge.  W.  F.  Finlasou,  Dissertation 
on  Hereditary  Dignities,  with  special  reference  to  Earldom  of  Wiltes,  1869. 
Registers  of  Voters,  N.  Wilts,  1841,  1842,  1865,  1870, 1871.  Poll  Book, 
Wilton,  1772. 

POBTEAITS  presented  by  Mrs.  CUNNINGTON  : — Catherine  Hyde,  Duchess  of 
Queensberry.  G.  Poulett  Scrope.  John  Aubrey.  Ann  Hyde.  Lord 
Herbert,  of  Lea  (2).  Countess  of  Clarendon.  Lord  Herbert.  Mrs.  Hyde. 
Henry  Herbert,  Earl  of  Pembroke.  Lord  Carnarvon.  Philip,  Earl  of 
Pembroke  (3).  Duchess  of  Albemarle.  Henry  Hyde,  Earl  of  Clarendon. 
Marchioness  of  Carnarvon.  Thomas,  Lord  Herbert.  Miss  Davis.  Countess 


Additions  to  Museum  and  Library.  329 

of  Suffolk.  Tobias  Crisp.  Mrs.  Howard.  Eobert,  Bishop  of  Salisbury. 
Bishop  Moberly.  Bishop  Brian  Duppa.  Bishop  Davenant.  Bishop  Fisher. 
Bishop  Burgess.  Edward  Seymour,  Duke  of  Somerset.  Sir  John  Hynde 
Cotton.  Queen  Jane  Seymour.  Ann  Stanhope,  Duchess  of  Somerset. 
William  Seymour,  Earl  of  Hertford.  Elizabeth  Allington,  Lady  Seymour. 
Francis,  Lord  Seymour,  of  Trowbridge.  Frances,  Lady  Seymour,  of  Trow- 
bridge.  Major  John  Wildman.  Daniel  Burgess  (2).  Earl  of  Ailesbury . 
Frances  Thynne,  Duchess  of  Somerset.  Thomas  Moore.  Earl  of  Shelburne 
(2).  Lord  Henry  Petty.  Sir  Orlando  Bridgman.  James  Abercrombie. 
Isaac  Barre.  Rev.  Joseph  Townsend.  Marquis  of  Lansdowne  (2). 
Jeremy  Bentham.  Marquis  of  Lansdowne.  John  Bradshaw.  William 
Beckford.  Lord  Folkestone.  Lord  Holland.  James  Ley,  Earl  of 
Marlborough.  Francis,  Lord  Cottington.  Edmund  Ludlow  (2). 
Lord  Malmesbury.  Christopher  Wren,  Dean  of  Windsor.  Sir  Henry  Coker. 
Col.  John  Penruddocke.  William,  Earl  of  Stirling.  Col.  Fiennes.  Sir 
John  Danvers.  Ralph,  Lord  Hopton.  Henry  Hunt.  John  Methuen. 
Thomas,  Lord  Seymour,  of  Sudeley.  Queen  Catherine  Parr.  Samuel 
Wilton.  Col.  Lumsford.  Sir  E.  Malet.  Photos  of  other  Wilts  Portraits. 

ENGBAVINGS,  WOODCUTS,  &c.,  presented  by  Mrs.  CUNNINGTON  : — Tilsit  Church. 
Staircase  at  Amesbary.  Lord  Arundel  in  Battle  with  Turks.  Devizes  Corn 
Exchange.  Bookplates  of  Edward  Wilton.  Beckhampton  Down  in  a  Fog. 
St.  John's  Church,  Devizes.  Bishops  Cannings  Church.  Etchilhampton 
Church,  Tomb,  &c.  Market  Place,  Devizes.  Devizes  Castle,  1892.  Model 
Farm,  Longleat.  Fonthill  Abbey  (3).  Trafalgar  House.  Tomb  of  Duke 
of  Buckingham  in  Britford  Church.  Gorges  Tomb  in  Salisbury  Cathedral 
(3).  Bishopstone  Church  (3).  Stone  Monuments  in  Khassia  Hills.  Ditto 
at  Malta.  Tomb  of  W.  Beckford.  Fountain  in  Berkeley  Square,  given  by 
Lord  Lansdowne.  FSte  in  Tottenham  Park.  Lord  Hertford's  House  at 
Marlborough.  Grammar  School  at  Marlborough.  Marlborough  Mound. 
St.  Mary's,  Marlborough.  Tottenham  Park.  Ramsbury  Manor.  Salisbury, 
North-east  Prospect.  Tomb  in  Salisbury  Cathedral.  Trowbridge  Church, 
North-east  view  and  two  interiors,  Tower  under  repair,  Rectory,  National 
Schools,  "  Castle."  Wilton  Church,  interior,  pulpit,  Monument  of  Sir 
Thomas  Long.  Lake  in  garden  at  Studley.  Everley  old  and  new  Churches. 
New  Swindon  Institute. 

Presented  by  Mr.  H.  E.  MEDLICOTT  :— Photo  of  old  chariot  more  than  one 
hundred  years  old,  belonging  to  the  late  Mrs.  Penruddocke,  of  Fyfield. 

Presented  by  Mr.  H.  BBAESFEAB  :— Photo-litho  drawings  of  Lacock  Abbey, 
from  Building  News.  Original  drawing  of  Hill  Deverill  House,  old 
buildings. 

Presented  by  Rev.  the  Hon.  B.  P.  BOUVEBIB  : — Two  drawings  of  sundial  from 
Ivy  Church. 

Presented  by  Mr.  B.  H.  CUNNIHGTON  :— Drawings  of  urns,  &c,,  found  at 
Broomsgrove. 

END  OF   VOL.  XXVII. 

HURRY  &  PEARSON,  Printers  and  Publishers,  Deyizes. 


>-  o 

i—4 

O  CD 
i— I 

m  os 


fc 


CO  O 


(M  C  O  "S        »0 

i—  X  T?  OS         CO 


&  lll.iies 

i_~      O2  bi  43  43  ft  x 


D    ^ 


CO  <N  O  CO 

rH  OS  IO  rH 
I— t  rH 

X  <N  CO  r-i 


CM  O  <N  CO  CO 


*  jg  ••    •  oo  oo  co  oo 


CO        Oi 
(M         CO 


h-M  _LJ      ®      U-l 

tf  ^)§§ 

o    e3^ 


g   H-l  r-H  -fi   — - 

g^l^  s°«cc 

-s  2  fl.^'s^'-'^N^^0* 


li  ill 
ii  HI 

««  9?        — 4  o  o 
§-°      -S43J 


KEPORT 


ON   THE 


TRANSCRIPTION 


AND 


PUBLICATION 


OF 


PARISH  REGISTERS,  &c. 


PUBLISHED     UNDER     THE     DIRECTION     OF     THE     CONGRESS    OF* 
AKCII^EOLOGICAL    SOCIETIES    IN    UNION    WITH   THE 
SOCIETY     OF     ANTIQUARIES. 


18U2 


Report  on  the  Transcription  and  Publica- 
tion of  Parish  Registers,  etc. 


The  Congress  of  Archaeological  Societies  in  union  with  the  Society 
of  Antiquaries  desires  to  call  the  attention  of  the  public  and  especially 
of  those  interested  in  antiquarian  research,  to  the  extreme  importance 
of  duly  preserving  and  rendering  accessible  the  Registers  and  other 
Parish  Records  of  the  United  Kingdom. 

These  contain  matter  of  the  greatest  value  not  only  to  the 
genealogist,  but  also  to  the  student  of  local  history,  and  through  these 
to  the  general  historian  ;  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  sufficient  care  has 
not  been  taken  in  the  past  of  these  documents,  which  have  too  often 
been  thoughtlessly  destroyed. 

Many  Registers  have  already  been  copied  and  published,  and  every 
year  adds  to  the  list,  and  the  Congress  is  in  hope  that  these  suggestions 
may  lead  to  a  still  greater  number  being  undertaken. 

As  the  older  writings  are  in  a  different  character  from  that  used  at 
the  present  time,  they  are  not  easily  deciphered,  and  require  careful 
examination,  even  from  experts.  It  is  extremely  desirable  therefore 
that  they  should  be  transcribed,  not  only  to  guard  against  possible  loss 
or  injury,  but  in  order  to  render  them  more  easily  and  generally 
accessible  to  the  student. 

The  Committee  appointed  by  the  Congress  of  1889  for  the  purpose 
of  considering  the  best  means  of  assisting  the  transcription  and 
publication  of  Parish  Registers  and  Records  was  constituted  as  follows: 

EDWIN  FRESHFIELD,  LL.D.,  V.P.S.A.,  Chairman. 


The  Rev.  Canon  BENIIAM,  B.D., 

F.S.A. 
R.  S.  FABER,  M.A. 

(Hon.  Sec.  Huguenot  Society.) 
W.  J.  HARDY,  F.S.A. 
J.  J.  HOWARD,  LL.D.,  F.S.A. 

(Maltravers  Herald.) 


G.  W.  MARSHALL,  LL.D.,  F.S.A, 
(Rouge  Croix.) 
G.  H.  OVEREND,  F.S.A. 

(Public  Record  Office.) 
Rev.  W.  SPARROW  SIMPSON,  D.D., 
F.S.A.  (St.  Paul's  Cathedral). 
MILL  STEPHENSON,  B.A.,  F.S.A. 
(Hon.  Sec.  Surrey  Archceo.  Soc.) 

RALPH  NEVILL,  F.S.A.  (Hon.  Sec.) 

The  Congress  trust  that  the  following  paper  of  Suggestions  drawn 
up  by  the  Committee  may  prove  useful  to  those  anxious  to  assist  in  the 
preservation,  transcription  and,  where  possible,  publication  of  the 
documents  referred  to. 


Suggestions  as  to  Transcription, 


LIMITS  OF  DATE. 

It  is  evident  that  there  is  most  reason  for  transcribing  the  oldest 
Registers,  but  those  of  later  date  are  also  of  great  value,  and  it  is 
suggested  that  1812,  the  date  of  the  Act  of  52  Geo.  Ill,  cap.  146, 
is  a  suitable  point  to  which  copies  may  be  taken. 

CHARACTER  OF  WRITING. 

In  transcribing,  great  care  must  be  used  to  avoid  mistakes  from  the 
confusion  of  certain  letters  with  modern  letters  of  similar  form. 

An  alphabet  is  adjoined  giving  some  of  the  ordinary  characters, 
but  Registers  vary,  and  the  manner  in  which  the  capital  letters  are 
formed  is  of  infinite  variety.  It  may  be  noted  that  capital  F  resembles 
two  small  ffs,  but  there  is  no  reason  whatever  for  printing  it  in  the 
latter  way ;  G  is  a  difficult  letter  running  into  C  and  T ;  K  and  R  are 
formed  exactly  alike,  except  that  the  direction  of  the  top  loop  is  always 
reversed ;  W  is  formed  as  two  U's  or  two  Vs. 


Great  help  in  deciphering  names  may  be  gained  from  a  study  of 
existing  local  names.  It  must,  however,  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
same  name  may  be  continually  spelt  in  different  ways,  and  may  undergo 
considerable  changes  in  the  course  of  time  or  from  the  hands  of 
different  scribes. 

In  copying  dates  it  must  be  remembered  that  down  to  1752,  the 
year  began  on  the  25th  of  March  and  not  on  the  1st  of  January. 

METHOD  OF  TRANSCRIPTION. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  a  verbatim  et  literatim  transcription  is 
of  far  more  value  than  any  other  form ;  it  is  otherwise  impossible  to  be 
sure  that  some  point  of  interest  and  importance  has  not  been  over- 
looked ;  the  extra  trouble  of  making  a  complete  transcript  is  small, 
and  the  result  much  more  satisfactory.  In  any  case  the  names  should 
be  given  literatim  and  all  remarks  carefully  copied,  with  some  indi- 
cation, where  possible,  as  to  the  date  of  the  remark.  Other  records, 


such  as  Churchwardens'  Accounts,  should  certainly  not  be  transcribed 
and  printed  otherwise  than  in  full.  It  is  far  better  in  both  cases  to  do 
a  portion  thoroughly  than  the  whole  imperfectly. 

KEVISION  AND  COLLATION  OF  COPIES. 

The  decipherment  of  old  Registers  is,  as  already  pointed  out,  a 
work  of  considerable  difficulty,  and  it  is  therefore  strongly  recom- 
mended that  in  cases  where  the  transcribers  have  no  great  previous 
experience,  they  should  obtain  the  help  of  some  competent  reader  to 
collate  the  transcript  with  the  original. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  in  many  cases  transcripts  are  pre- 
served in  the  Bishops'  Registries  and  a  reference  to  these  will  often 
fill  up  a  void,  clear  up  a  difficulty  or  supply  an  omission.  It  occasionally 
happens  that  the  original  Registers  are  preserved  as  well  as  later 
Transcripts ;  in  such  cases,  the  two  should  be  collated  and  all  variations 
noted. 

PUBLICATION. 

With  regard  to  the  publication  of  Registers,  the  Committee  have 
carefully  considered  the  question  of  printing  in  abbreviated  or  index 
form  and  have  come  to  the  conclusion  to  strongly  recommend  that  the 
publication  should  be  in  full,  not  only  for  the  reasons  given  for 
transcription,  but  because  the  extra  trouble  and  expense  is  so  small 
and  the  value  so  very  much  greater. 

There  seems,  however,  no  objection,  in  either  case,  to  the  use  of 
contractions  of  formal  words  of  constant  recurrence.  A  list  of  some  of 
these  is  adjoined : 

Bap.:  baptized.  Bac. :  bachelor. 

Mar. :  married.  Spin. :  spinster. 

Bur. :  buried.  Wid, :  widow  or  widower. 

Dau. :  daughter. 

With  regard  to  entries  of  marriage  after  Lord  Hardwicke's  Act  of 
1752,  it  is  suggested  that  the  form  of  entry  may  be  simplified  by  the 
omission  of  formal  phrases,  but  care  should  be  taken  not  to  omit  any 
record  of  fact,  however  apparently  unimportant,  such  for  instance  as 
the  names  of  witnesses,  ministers,  occupation,  etc. 

It  is  essential  in  all  cases  that  an  Index  should  be  given  and  that 
the  Christian  names  should  be  given  with  the  surnames. 

It  is  believed  that  many  Registers  remain  unprinted  owing  to  an 
exaggerated  idea  of  the  cost  of  printing  and  binding.  Reasonable 
estimates  for  these  might,  probably,  often  be  obtained  from  local 
presses  which  would  be  interested  in  the  publication. 

No  absolute  rule  as  to  size  and  type  can  be  laid  down,  but  on  this 
and  other  questions  the  Standing  Committee  will  always  be  glad  to 
give  advice.  It  is  probable  that  demy  octavo  or  foolscap  quarto  will 
be  found  the  most  convenient  sizes. 


A  Standing-  Committee  has  been  appointed  by  the  Congress  for  the 
purpose  of  giving  advice  and  distributing  to  the  various  Societies  in 
Union  such  information  and  lists  as  may  be  of  common  value  to  all. 

Societies  in  Union  are  strongly  urged  to  form  their  own  Committees 
to  take  steps  to  secure  the  printing  of  the  many  Transcripts  that 
already  exist  unpublished,  and  to  promote  further  Transcription. 

By  permission  of  G.  W.  Marshall,  Esq.,  LL.D.  (Rouge  Croix,  College  of 
Arms),  the  accompanying  list  of  Printed  Registers  has  been  prepared 
from  the  Calendar  privately  printed  by  him  in  1891.  A  revised  and 
augmented  edition  of  this  Calendar  is  in  progress,  and  will  contain  full 
references  to  all  known  printed  Registers,  Transcripts  and  Collections, 
whether  complete  or  consisting  of  extracts. 

The  Committee  also  issue  a  list  of  MS.  Transcripts  and  propose  to 
prepare  and  issue  further  lists  from  time  to  time.  They  therefore  ask 
that  information  may  be  sent  to  them,  or  to  the  Secretaries  of  County 
Societies,  of  any  Transcripts  in  private  hands.  The  inclusive  dates  of 
Baptisms,  Marriages  and  Burials  should  be  given,  and  any  complete 
Transcript  will  be  calendared,  although  extending  over  a  short  period 
only,  but  Extracts  will  not  be  admissible. 

The  Committee  suggest  that  lists  of  existing  Transcripts,  with  full 
particulars  of  the  location  of  the  Transcript,  should  be  kept  by  the 
County  Societies,  and  where  possible,  in  order  to  avoid  risk  of  loss,  it 
is  very  desirable  that  such  Transcripts  should  be  deposited,  either 
temporarily  or  permanently,  in  the  Libraries  of  the  Societies. 

It  is  believed  that  the  publication  of  a  series  of  Registers,  supple- 
mental and  extra  to  their  Transactions,  would  add  to  the  attractiveness 
and  usefulness  of  the  Societies  without  being  a  serious  burden  to  their 
funds.  By  combination  and  organization  a  considerable  body  of  out- 
side subscribers  may  probably  be  secured  for  such  a  series,  and  the 
cost  of  distribution  of  circulars,  etc.,  may  be  materially  reduced  by 
such  a  plan  as  the  issue,  by  the  Central  Committee,  of  an  annual 
circular  containing  lists  of  Registers  in  course  of  publication.  Such  a 
circular  might  be  distributed  by  the  local  Societies  and  published  in 
their  Transactions  and  elsewhere. 

The  Standing  Committee  will  be  very  glad  to  receive  suggestions 
from  Local  Committees  and  others. 


TABLE    OF   CONTENTS. 


List  No.  1. — Parish  Registers  printed  as  separate  works. 
j?    No.  2. — Parish  Registers  printed  in  other  works. 
?j    No.  3. — Original  Registers  and  Bishops'  Transcripts 

in  the  British  Museum  Library. 

„    No.  4. — Registers  of  other  Churches  in  all  classes, 
„    No.  5. — Parish  Registers  transcribed  in  MS. 


No.  1,~ A  List  of  Parish  Registers  that  have  been, 
printed  as  separate  works. 

Extracted  by  permission  from  "  Parish  Registers?  privately  printed  by 
Geo.  W.  Marshall,  Esq.,  LL.D.,  1891,  and  continued  to  date. 


NOTE. — Those  printed  at  Middle  Hill  for  Sir  Thomas  Phillips  are  very  rare, 
and  many  others,  such  as  those  by  Mr.  Crisp,  were  privately  printed  and  are  scarce, 

BEDS.  HAYNES,  1596-1812,  Wm.  Briggs,  M.A.,  pr. 

BERKS.          BEADING,  St.  Mary,  1538-1812,  Rev.  G.  P.  Crawfurd, 

2  vols. 
WELFORD,  Bap.  1562,  Mar.  1603,  Bur.  1559-1812,  Mrs. 

Batson  Olney,  1892,  4to 

BUCKS.          GREAT  HAMPDEN,  1557-1812,  E.  A.  Ebblewhite  1888,  fol. 
CAMBRIDGESHIRE.    ABINGTON  PIGOTTS,  1653-1812,  Rev.  W.  G.  F. 

Pigott  Norwich,  1890,  4to 

CHESHIRE.  EASTHAM,  1598-1700,  F.  Sanders  Lond.  1891,  8vo 

LEYLAND,  1653-1710,  B.T.  1622-1641,  W.S.  White,  1892, 
PRESTBURY,  1560-1636,  J.  Croston  1881,  8vo 

CORNWALL.    MADRON,  Bap.  1592-1726,  Mar.  1577-1678,  Bur.  1577- 

1681  G.  B.  Millett,  Penzance,  1877,  4to 

ST.  COLUMB  Major,  1539-1780,  A.  J.  Jewers      1881,  8vo 

DENBIGHSHIRE.    KEGIDOG  alias  ST.  GEORGE,  1694-1749,  F.  A.  Crisp 

1890,  fol. 
DERBYSHIRE.    WEST  HALLAM,  Rev.  C.  W.  Kerry  1887,  8vo 

DORSET.        ASHMORE,  1651-1820,  E.  W.  Walsin  1891,  4to 

NORTH  WOOTON,  Bap.  1539-1785,  Mar.  1542-1760,  Bur. 

1698-1785,  Rev.  C.  H.  Mayo.  pr.  1887,  8vo 


DURHAM.  DENTON,  1586-1662,  J.  R.  Walbran  Ripon,  1842,  8vo 
DURHAM,  St.  Oswald,  1538-1751,  A.  W.  Headlam 

Durham,  1891,  8vo 

GAINFORD,  Index,  Bap.  1560-1784,  Mar.  1569-1761,  Bur. 
1569-1784.  J.  R.  Walbran,  3  parts    Lond.  1889,  8vo 

ESSEX.  BOBBINGWORTH,  Bap.  1559-1782,  Mar.  1559-1753,  Bur. 

1558-1785,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1884,  fol. 

COLCHESTER,  St.  Leonard,  1670-71,  F.  A.  Crisp,  1885,  fol. 
GREENSTED,  1558-1812,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1892,  fol. 

LAMBOURNE,  1582-1709,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1890,  fol. 

MORETON,  1558-1759,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1891,  fol. 

ONGAR,  1558-1750,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1886,  fol. 

SOUTH  WEALD,  1539-1573,  R.  Hovenden,  F.S.A.  1889,  8vo 
STAPLEFORD  TAWNEY,  1558-1 752,  F.  A.  Crisp  1892,  fol. 
STIFFORD,  1568-1783,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1885,  fol. 

STOCK  HARVARD,  1563-1700,  E.  P.  Gibson        1881,  8vo 

GLAMORGAN.    LLANTRITHYD,  1571-1810,  H.  S.  Hughes     1888,  8vo 

GLO'STER.  BRETFORTON,  Mar.  1538-1752,  Sir  T.  Phillips  Lond.  8vo 

KEMPSFORD,  1653-1700,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1887,  fol. 

MICKLETON,  1594-1736,  Sir  T.  Phillips,  pr.  8vo 

HANTS.  COLMER,  1563-1812,  Rev.  T.  Hervey  1886,  8vo 
PRIORS'  DEAN,  1538-1812,  see  Colmer. 

IRELAND.    CORK,  Christ  Church,  1643-1668,  R.  Caulfield      1887,  8vo 

KENT.  CANTERBURY    CATHEDRAL,    1564-1878,    R.    Hovenden, 

Harleian  Soc.  vol.  2.  1878,  4to 

CANTERBURY,  St.  Peter,  1560-1800,  J.  M.  Cowper, 

Canterbury,  1888  8vo 

„  St.  Alphege,  1558-1800,  J.  M.  Cowper,  1889 

,,  St.  Dunstan,  1559-1800.  J.  M.  Cowper,  1890 

„          St.  George,  1538-1800,  J.  M.  Cowper,  1891 
St.  Mary  Magdalene,  1559-1800. 

J.  M.  Cowper,  1890 

St.  Paul,  1562-1800,  J.  M.  Cowper  1892 
CHISLET,  1538-1751 ,  R.  Hovenden,  F.S.A.  Lond.  1887,  8vo 
ELMSTONE,  1552-1812,  Rev.  C.  H.  Wilkie  1891,  8vo 

KINGSTONE,  1558-1812,  Rev.  C.  H.  Wilkie  1892,  8vo 
LEE,  1559-1754,  Duncan  and  Barron  Lee,  1888,  8vo 

LEWISHAM,  1558-1750,  L.  L.  Duncan  Lond,  1891,  8vo 
MAIDSTONE,  Mar.  1542-1620,  Rev.  J.  Cave-Browne 

Lond.  1890,  8 vo 

ROCHESTER    CATHEDRAL,   1657-1837,  T.   Shindler  M.A. 

to  be  pub.  8vo 

LANCASHIRE.    COLTON-IN-FURNESS,   1622-1812,   Rev.  A.  Williams 
and  J.  P.  Burns  Lond.  1891 

LEIGH,  1559-1624,  J.  H.  Stanning  Leigh,  1882,  8vo 
ROCHDALE,  1582-1641,  H.  Fishwick,  2  vols.  1888-9,  8vo 
SADDLEWORTH,  1613-1751,  J.  Radcliffe  1887,  8vo 

ULYERSTOX.  1545-1812,  Bardsley  and  Ayre        1886,  4to. 


LEICESTERSHIRE.  NEWTON  LINFORD.  1677-1679,  F.  A.  Crisp  1884,  fol. 

LINCOLNSHIRE.    GREAT  GRIMSBY,  1538- 1812,  G.  S.  Stephenson,  M.D; 

Great  Grimaby,  1889,  8vo 

HORNCASTLE,  1559-1639,  Rev.  J.  C.  Hudson  1892,  4to 
IRBY-UPON-HUMBER,  1558-1785,  F.  A.  Crisp  1890,  fol. 
STUBTON,  1577-1628,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1883,  fol. 

LONDON.       ALL  HALLOWS,  London   Wall,    1559-1675,    Jupp    and 

Hovenden  Lond.  1878,  4to 

GRAY'S  INN  CHAPEL,  Marriages,  Jos.  Foster,  Coll :  Geneal. 
ST.  ANTHOLIN,  1538-1754,  Harl.  Soc.  vol.  viii. 
ST.  BOTOLPH,  Bishopsgate,  1558-1753,  A.  W.  C.  Hallen, 

2  vols.  1886,  8vo 

ST,  CHRISTOPHER-LE-STOCKS,  1558-1781 

E.  Freshfield,  1882,  4to 

ST.  DIONIS  BACKCHURCH,  1538-1754,  Harl.  Soc.  vol.  iii. 
ST.  EDMUND  the  KING  (Lombard  Street),  Wm.  Briggs,  pr. 
ST.  GEORGE,  Hanover  Square,  Mar.  1725-1809,  Harl.  Soc. 

vols.  xi.  xii.  and  xv. 
ST.  JAMES,  Clerkenwell,  Bap.  and  Mar.  1551-1754.  Harl. 

Soc.  vols.  ix.  x.  xiii. 
ST.  JOHN  BAPTIST,  on  Walbrook,  Bap.  1682-1754,  Bur. 

1686-1754,  Harl.  vol.  viii.  1890 

ST.  MARY  ABBOTS,  Kensington.  1539-1675,  Harl.  Soc. 

vol.  xvi. 

ST.  MARY  ALDERMARY,  1558-1754,  Harl.  Soc.  vol.  v. 
ST.  MARY  WOOLCHURCH  Haw.    See  St.  Mary  Woolnoth. 
ST.  MARY  WOOLNOTH,  1538-1760,  Brooke  and  Hallen 

1886,  8vo 

ST.  MICHAEL,  Cornhill,  1546-1754,  Harl.  Soc.  vol.  vii. 
ST.  NICHOLAS  ACON,  1539-1812,  W.  Briggs    Leeds,  1890 
ST.    PETER,    Cornhill,   Bap.   and  Bur.    1538-1774,  Mar. 

1538-1754,  Harl  .Soc.  i.  and  iv. 
ST.-THOMAS-THE-APOSTLE,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1558-1754,  Mar. 

1558-1672,  Harl.  Soc.  vol.  vi. 
SOMERSET  HOUSE  CHAPEL,  1714-1776,  J.  Coleman 

1862,  8vo 
WESTMINSTER  ABBEY,  1606-1875,  Harl.  Soc.  vol.  x. 

MIDDLESEX.    STAINES,  1664-1694,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1887,  fol. 

MONTGOMERYSHIRE.  TREF  EGLWYS,  1695-6,  Sir  T.  Phillips,  pr.  12mo 

NORFOLK.  BIRCHAM  NEWTON,  1562-1743,  R.  Hewlett  1888,  8vo 
BURGH,  1563-1810,  Rev.  E.  T  Yates  8vo 

MARSHAM,  1538-1836,  A.  T.  Michell,  Norwich,  1889,  8vo 
NORTH  ELMHAM,  1536-1631,  Rev.  A.  C.  Legge  1888,  8vo 

NOTTS.  CARBURTON,  1528-1812,  G.  W.  Marshall,  LL.D.  1888,  fol. 
EDWINSTOWE,  1634-1758,  G.  W.  Marshall  1891,  8vo 
PERLETHORPE,  1528-1812,  G.  W.  Marshall  1887,  fol. 

OXFORDSHIRE.     DUCKLIXGTON,' Index,  1550-1880,  Rev.  W.  D.  Macray 

Oxford,  1881,  8vo 


SALOP.          BROSELEY,  1570-1750,  A.  F.  C.  C.  Langley,  2  vols. 

Lond.  1889-90,  8vo 
SCOTLAND.  MUTHILL,  1697-1847,  A.  W.  C.  Halien  1887,  8vo 

SOMERSET.  WEDMORE,  1561— Bap.  1812,  Mar.  1839,  Bur.  1860. 

WELLOW,  Index,  1570-1887,  C.  W.  Empson      1889,  8vo 
WILTON,  1558-1837,  J.  H.  Spencer      Taunton,  1890,  8vo 

STAFFORDSHIRE.     WALSALL,  1570-1649,  F.  W.  Willmore,  1890,  8vo 

SUFFOLK.     BRUNDISH,  Bap.  1562-1765,  Mar.  1563-1749,  Bur.  1563- 
1785,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1885,  fol. 

CARLTON,  1538-1885,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1886,  fol. 

CHILLESFORD,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1886,  fol. 

CULPHO,  1721-1886,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1886,  fol. 

ELLOUGH,  1540-1812,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  .1886,  8vo 

FROSTENDEN,  1538-1791,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1887,  fol. 

KELSALE,  1538-1812,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1887,  fol. 

PAKENHAM,  1564-1766,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1888,  fol. 

TANNINGTON,  1539-1714,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.  1884,  fol. 

THORINGTON,  1561-1881,  T.  S.  Hill          Lond.  1884,  8vo 

SURREY.      WANDSWORTH,  1603-1787,  J.  T.  Squire  1889,  8vo 

WINDLESHAM,   Bap.   1677-1783,  Mar.   1695-1753,  Bur. 

1695-1783,  W.  W.  Glanville-Richards        1881,  8vo 

SUSSEX.        EDBURTON,  1558-1673,  Rev.  C.  H.  Wilkie          1884,  8vo 
„  „          Index,  F.  A.  Crisp,  pr.     1887,  8vo 

WARWICKSHIRE.     BIRMINGHAM,  St.  Martin,  1554-1653     1889.  8vo 

LEEK  WOTTON,  1685-1742,  Sir  T.  Phillipps  8vo 

„  „         Index  to  ditto,  F.  A.  Crisp        1887,  8vo 

WILTS.          BROAD  CHALKE,  1538-1780,  Itev.  C.  G.  Moore   1880,  8vo 
DURNFORD,  1574-1650,  Sir  T.  Phillips  1823,  8vo 

STOURTON,  1570-1800,  J.  H.  Ellis,  Harl.  Soc.  vol.  xii. 

WORCESTERSHIRE.    BROADWAY,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1680-1771,  Sir  T. 
Phillips. 

YORKS.         CALVERLEY,  1574-1720,  S.  Margerison,  3  vols.,1880-9,8vo 
ECCLESFIELD,    Bap.    1599-1619,  Mar.   1558-1621,  Bur. 

1558-1603,  A.  S.  Gatty,  F.S.A.          Lond.  1878,  4to 
HAWNBY,  1653-1722,  Miss  Thoyts  Olney,  1890,  4to 

HULL,  God's  Hospital  Chapel,  from  1695,  SirT.  Phillips 
INGLEBY  GREENHOW,  1539-1800,  J.  Blackburnel889,  8vo 
KIRKBURTON,  1541-1654,  F.  A.  Collins,  Exeter,  1887,  8vo 
MORLEY,  see  Topcliffe. 

Roos,  R.  B.  Machell,  Hull,  1888,  8vo 

ROTHERHAM,  1542-1563,  J.  Guest  4to 

TOPCLIFFE  and  MORLEY,  Bap.  1654-1830,   Bur.  1654- 

18&8,  W.  Smith  Lond.  1888,  8vo 


No.  2.— Parish  Registers  printed  in  books  and 
periodicals. 


CHESHIRE.   MACCLESFIELD,  1512-1620,  Par.  Mag.  from  1886        4to 

DERBYSHIRE.     CROXALL,  1586-1812,  R.  Ussher,  Hist,  of  Croxall. 
WEST  HALLAM,  Rev.  C.  W.  Kerry, 

Jour.  Derby  Arch.  Soc.        1887 

ESSEX.  THEYDON  MOUNT,    1564-1815,  J.  J.  Howard,  LL.D.  & 

H.  F.  Burke,  Theydon  Mount  and  its  Lords,  &c. 

GLO'STERSHIRE.     HAMPNETT,  Mar.   1737-1754,  Glouc.  Notes  and 

Queries,  vols.  i.  and  ii. 
MAISEMOKE,    Bap.,    1600-1663,   Mar.    1557-1590,   Bur. 

1538-1599,  Glouc.  N  &  Q.,  vol.  iv. 
PEBWORTH,  Mar.  1595-1700,  Glouc.  N  &  Q.,  vol.  iv. 

HEREFORDSHIRE.    UPTON    BISHOP,  Mar.   1571-1883,   Rev.  F.  T. 
Havergal,  Records  of  Upton  Bishop. 

LANCASHIRE.    BOLTON,  1573-1712.    Bolton  Weekly  Journal. 
OLDHAM,  1558-1658,  Local  Notes  and  Gleanings. 

Oldham,  1887,  8vo 

PRESTON,  1611-1631,  Tom  C.  Smith,  Records  of  Par.  Ch. 
of  Preston  Preston,  1892,  4to 

LEICESTERSHIRE.    SHACKERSTON,  1558-1630,  Leic.  Architec.  Soc., 

vol.  v. 
SOMERBY,  1601-1715,  Leic.  Architec.  Soc.,  vol.  v. 

LINCOLNSHIRE.      HORNCASTLE,  from  1639,  J.  C.  Hudson  (see  also 
No.  1  list),  Par.  Mag.,  1892. 

LONDON.      BERMONDSEY,  from  1598,  Genealogist,  New  Ser. 

ST.  MARY-LE-STRAND,  Mar.  1605-1625,  Genealogist,  New 
Ser.  iv.  and  v. 

NORFOLK.     BURGH,  1563-1810,  see  No.  1  list  and  Norf.  Archseol.  Soc. 
Proc. 

NOTTS.          CARLTON  IN  LINDRICK,  from  1539,  Par.  Mag.  1886-8. 

OXFORDSHIRE.    DUCKLINGTON,  Index  1550-1880,  N.  Oxford  Archeeol. 
Soc.  (see  List  1)  1880 

OXFORD,  CHRISTCHURCH,   1633-1884,  Misc.  Geneal.  et 
Herald:  2nd  Ser.,  vol.  i. 

STAFFORDSHIRE.    WEST  BROMWICH,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1608-1616,  Par. 

Mag.  1879 

WARWICKSHIRE.    BIRMINGHAM,  ST.  MARTIN,  1554-1653,  Midland 

Antiquary,  vol.  iii.  (see  also  List  1). 
YORKS.          ALLERSTON,  see  Ebberston. 

ACKWORTH,  1558-1599,  Yorks.  Notes  and  Queries,  vol.  i. 
BRADFORD,  from  1596,  Bradford  Antiquary  (in  progress). 


10 

YORKS.          BURNSALL,  1558-1740,  Rev.  W.  J.   Stavert,  Par.  Mag. 
(continued)  (in  progress). 

DEWSBURY,  1538-1599,  S.  J.  Chadwick,  Par.  Mag.  1892. 
EBBERSTON  (and  Allerston),  Par.  Mag.  from  1887         4to 
HALIFAX,  1538-1541,  W.  J.Walker,  Registers  of  Halifax 

1885,  4to 

ROTHERHAM,  1542-1563,  J.  Guest,  Hist.  Notices  of 
Rotherham. 

STAVELEY,  Bap.  1582-1653,  Mar.  1584-1652, 

Bur.  1582-1638  Par.  Mag.  1885 

YORK  MINSTER,  Bur.  1634-1836,  York  Archeeol.  Jour., 
vol.  j.,  Mar.  1681-1762,  vol.  iL,  Bap.  1686-1804, 
vol.  vi. 


No.  3.— Original  Registers  and  Bishops'  Transcripts 
in  the  British  Museum  Library.} 


ORIGINAL  REGISTERS. 
BERKS.          STEVENTON,  1556-1599,  Harl.  MS.  2395. 

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.     PAPWORTH    EVERARD,   1565-1692,  Add.  MS. 
31854. 

LEICESTERSHIRE.    SOMERBY,  1601-1715,  Add.  MS.  24802  (see  No.  1 
List). 

MIDDLESEX.    STAINES,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1653-1691,  Mar.  1653-1660, 
Egerton  MS.  2004 

WILTS.          ALDERBURY,  1606-1669,  Add.  MS.  27441. 

BISHOPS'  TRANSCRIPTS. 

ESSEX.  AVELEY,  1636-1813,  Add.  MS.  28737. 

BARLING,  1768,  Add  MS.  32344. 
KENT.  BOXLEY,  1585-6,  1599-1600,  Add.  MS.  32344, 

BROOKLAND,  1615,  Add.  MS.  32344. 

FAVERSHAM,  1730-1731,  Add.  MS.  32344. 

RING  WOULD,  1636,  Add.  MS.  32344. 

UPCHURCH,  1612,  1661,  Add.  MS.  32344. 

LANCASHIRE.     CHILD  WALL,  1670,  Add.  MS.  32344. 
SHROPSHIRE.       HIGH    ERCALL,     1630,     1632-4,     1636,     1663-4, 

Add:  MS.  32344. 

STAFFORDSHIRE.     BOBBINGTON,  1662-1812,  Add.  MS.  28738. 
UTTOXETER,  1762-1766,  Add.  MS.  32344. 


11 


No.  4.— Registers  of  other  Churches. 


Printed  Registers. 


KOMAN  CATHOLIC. 

BERKS.          UFTON  COURT,  1741-1828,  F.  Crisp,  pr.  1889,  fol. 

BUCKS.          WESTON  UNDERWOOD,  1710-1785.  F.  Crisp,  pr.  1887,  fol. 
SURREY.       WOBURN  LODGE,  WEYBRIDGE,  1750-1874,  F.  Crisp,  pr. 

1888,  fol. 
WORCESTERSHIRE.     WORCESTER,  Bap.  1 685-1837.  F.  Crisp,  1887,  fol . 

NONCONFOBMIST. 

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.    WISBECH,  Reg.  Gen.  Baptist  Ch.,  W.  Winkley 

1860,  8vo 
YORKSHIRE.     COLEY,  see  Northowram. 

DONCASTER,  Friends,  Mar.  1794-1865,  C.  H.  Hatfield, 

Hist.  Not.  of  Done.  Series  2. 

KEIGHLEY,  Friends,  Yorkshire  Notes  and  Queries,  vol.  ii. 
NORTHOWRAM,  Noucon.  1644-1752,  J.  H.  Turner,  1881, 8vo 

FOKEIGN  CHTJKCHES. 

CAMBRIDGESHIRE.    THORNEY,  French  Colony,  1654-1727,  Rev.  R. 

H.  Warner,  Hist,  of  Thorney  Abbey. 
HANTS.          SOUTHAMPTON,  Walloon  Church,   1567-1779, 

Huguenot  Soc.,  vol  iv.,  4to 

IRELAND.      DUBLIN,  Huguenot  Church,  Hug.  Soc.,  vol.  vii.,  in  press 
KENT.  CANTERBURY,  French  Church,  Hug.  Soc.,  vol.  v.,  part  i., 

1891,  part  ii.,  in  press 

DOVER,  French  Church,  F.  A.  Crisp  1888,  fol. 

LONDON.        AUSTIN   FRIARS,  Dutch  Church,   1571-1874,  W.   J.   C. 

Moens,  F.S.A.  Lymington,  1884,  4to 

NORFOLK.     NORWICH,  Walloon  Church,  1595-1611,  Hug.  Soc.,  vol.  i., 

part  ii.  Lymington,  1888,  4to 

YORKSHIRE.     SANDTOFT,  French   Prot.  Church,   1642-1685,  Yorks 

Archeol.  Jour.,  vol.  vii. 


MS.  Transcripts. 

ESSEX.  COLCHESTER,  Dutch  Church.  Bap.  1645-1728,  W.  J.  C. 

Moens,  F.S.A. 
GLOUCESTERSHIRE.      RODBOROUGH,   Diss.   Prot.,   Bap.    1762-1837, 

Rev.  R.  H.  Clutterbuck,  F.S.A. 


12 

LONDON.       BUNHILL  FIELDS,  Bur.  1713-1826,  Chester  MSS. 

SURREY.        CAPEL,  Friends  (Pleystowe  Reg.)  Births  1651-1819,  Mar. 

1666-1676,  Bur.  1664-1849,  A.  Ridley  Bax. 
REIGATE,   Friends,  Births  1667-1675,  Mar.   1665-1676 
Bur.  1664-1677,  A.  R.  Bax. 

SOCIETY  OF  FRIENDS.— A  Digest  of  the  Registers  of  Births,  Mar- 
riages, Deaths  and  Burials  of  Members  (principally)  of 
the  Society  of  Friends  in  England  and  Wales,  from  the 
rise  of  the  Society,  circa  1650  to  1837,  arranged  in  geo- 
graphical areas  called  Quarterly  Meetings,  the  entries  for 
each  Quarterly  Meeting  being  also  arranged  alpha- 
betically and  chronologically. 

Central  Offices,  Devonshire  House,  E,C. 


No.  5.— A  List  of  MS.  Transcripts, 


This  List  is  for  general  information,  to  prevent  the  duplication  of 
transcription  and  facilitate  publication ;  many  of  the  owners  of  the 
transcripts  wish  it  to  be  understood  that  they  will  not  undertake  to 
make  searches,  give  extracts,  or  enter  into  correspondence.  The  names 
given  are  those  of  the  present  owners ;  the  Chester  MSS.  are  at  the 
College  of  Arms, 


BEDFORDSHIRE.    MILTON  ERNEST,  1538-1678,  Chester  MSS. 

BERKS.          BEENHAM,  from  1561. 

BURGHFIELD,  Bap.   1562-1643,    Mar.    1559-1643,   Bur. 

1559-1635,  the  Rector. 
DENCHWORTH,  from  1538  (old),  Miss  Thoyts. 
ENGLEFIELD,  1561-1889,  A.  A.  Harrison. 
FRIBSHAM,  Bap.  1711-1768,  Mar.  1711-1720,  Bur.  1721- 

1768,  Index,  Miss  Thoyts. 
PURLEY  (old),  Miss  Thoyts. 
STREATLY,  from  1679,  the  Rector. 
SULHAMSTEAD  ABBOTS,  1603-1810,  Miss  E.  Thoyts. 
SULHAMSTEAD  BANISTER,  1660-1787,  Miss  E.  Thoyts. 
UFTON,  1636-1736,  the  Rector  (by  Miss  Thoyts). 

CHESHIRE.   BRERETON-CUM-SMETHWICK,  1538-1620,  C.  J.  Bradshaw 
CHESTER,  St.  Bridgit,  Bap.  1560-1638,  Mar.  1560-1637, 

Bur.  1560-1666,  Brit.  Mus.,  Harl.  MS.  2177. 
CHESTER,   St.  Mary-on-the-Hill,  Bap.    1547-1572,  Mar. 

1547-1551,  Bur.  1547-1553,  Harl.  MS.  2177. 


13 

CHESHIRE.   CHESTER,  St.  Olave,  Bap.,  Mar.  and  Bur.  1611-1644,  and 

Bur.  1G54-1673,  Harl.  MS.  2177. 
CHESTER,  Trinity,  1598-1653,  Harl.  MS.  2177> 

DEVON.          ALWINGTON,  Bap.  and  Mar.  1550-1716,  Bur.  1550-1775, 

Chester  MSS. 

BRADFORD,  1559-1812,  Chester  MSS. 
HARTLAND,  Bap.  1557-1812,  Mar.  1557-1837,  Bur.  1577- 

1866,  Chester  MSS. 

HOLLACOMBE,  1638-1738.  Chester  MSS. 
LITTLEHAM,  1538-1812,  Chester  MSS. 
MAMHEAD,  1549,  Rev.  W.  C.  Plenderleith. 
NEWTON,  St.  Petrock,  1578-1812,  Chester  MSS. 
PARKHAM,  1537-1812,  Chester,  MSS. 
SHAUGH  PRIOR,  1565-1887,  MS.  Coll.  Arms. 
SHEBBEAR,  1576-1812,  Chester  MSS. 

DORSET.  HALSTOCK,  Bap.  1698,  Mar.  1701,  Bur.  1698-1812, 
Rev.  R.  F.  Meredith  (Indexed). 

DURHAM.  DENTON,  Bap.  1673-1714,  Mar.  1673-1715,  Bur.  1673-1717, 
Rev.  J.  Edleston  (earlier  Register  printed). 

GAINFORD,  Bap.  1784-1841,  Mar.  1754-1837,  Bur.  1784- 
1852,  Rev.  J.  Edleston  (earlier  Register  printed). 

WHORLTON.  Bap.  1626-1724,  Mar.  1713-1724,  Bur.  1669- 
1724,  Rev.  J.  Edleston  (Indexed). 

ESSEX.  DEBDEN,  1557-1777,  Chester  MSS. 

STANSTED  MONTFICHET,  1558-1760  (per  J.  J.  Green),  Brit. 
Mus. 

GLO'STERSHIRE.    KING  STANLEY,  Bap.  1573-1812,  Mar.  1573-1813, 

Bur.  1573-1881,  Rev.  R.  H.  Clutterbuck,  F.S.A. 
LEONARD  STANLEY,  Bap.  1575-1600,  Mar.  1570-1613,  Bur. 
1571-1664,   and   1773-1812,    Rev.   R.   H.   Clutter- 
buck,  F.S.A. 

HANTS.         ASHE,  Bap.  1607,  Mar.  1606,  Bur.  1618-1720),  Rev.  F.  W. 

Thoyts. 

DUNMER,  1540-1889,  S.  Andrews  (Index  in  progress.) 
EASTROP,  1750-1888,  S.  Andrews  (Indexed). 
KNIGHTS  ENHAM,  Bap.  1683-1812,  Mar.  1697-1805,  Bur. 

1758-1812,  Rev.  R.  H.  Clutterbuck,  F.S.A. 
STEVENTON,  1604-1888,  S.  Andrews. 
UPTON  GREY,  1558-1837,  Miss  G.  T.  Martin. 

HERTS.          ST.  ALBAN'S  ABBEY,  1558-1689,  Chester  MSS. 

WESTON,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1539-1760,  Mar.  1539-1757, 
M.  R.  Pryor. 

KENT.  BECKENHAM,  1538-1716,  A.  0.  Barren. 

BECKENHAM,    Bap.    1717-1784,  Mar.    1717-1790,   Bur. 

1717-1785,  L.  L.  Duncan,  F.S.A. 
IJBIBLUHUBST,  1558-1760,  L.  L.  Duncan,  F.S.A. 


14 

KENT.  DAVIXGTOX,  Index  1549-1862,  B.  M.  Add.  MS.  28837. 

(continued)    MAIDSTONE,  1542-1740,  Rev.  J.  Cave-Browne  (part  pub.). 
HARDEN,  Canon  Benham. 

MARGATE,  Canon  Benham. 

ORPINGTON,  1560-1754,  H.  C.  Kirby. 
PRESTON  (Faversham),  1559-1812,  Rev.  J.  Russell  Cooke. 
THANET,  St.  Peter,  1582-1777,  Soc.  of  Antiq.  MS.  (by 

Cauon  Benham). 
THANINGTON,  Mar.  1558-1737,  J.  M.  Cowper. 

LANCASHIRE.     OLDHAM,  Bap.  1558-1611.     MS.  Coll.  Arms. 
WASHINGTON,  1st  Register  Warrington  Museum. 

LON  DON.       ALL  HALLOWS,  Lombard  Street,  1550-1867,  Chester  MSS: 
BUNHILL  FIELDS,  Bur.  1713-1826,  Chester  MSS. 
CHARTERHOUSE  CHAPEL,  Bap.  1696-1812,  Mar.  1671-1754, 

Bur.  1695-1812,  Dr.  F.  Collins. 

CHAPEL  ROYAL,  Whitehall,  1704-1867,  Chester  MRS. 
CHELSEA,  Mar.  1559-1754,  Chester  MSS. 
MERCERS'  CHAPEL,  1641-1833,  Chester  MSS. 
ROLLS'  CHAPEL,  1736-1826,  Chester  MSS. 
ST.  BENET,  Gracechurch,  1558-1866,  Chester  MSS. 
ST.  LEONARD,  Eastcheap,  1538-1812,  Chester  MSS. 
TEMPLE  CHURCH,  complete,  Chester  MSS. 
WESTMINSTER,  St.  Margaret,  complete,  Chester  MSS. 

MIDDLESEX.  EPPING,  1538-1750,  W.  C.  Metcalfe,  F.S.A.  (indexed  to 
1667). 

NORFOLK.    ANTINGHAM,  1679-1812,  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
BACTON,  1558-1812,  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
BRADFIELD,  1725-1812,  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
BUNSTEAD,  1561-1812,  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
CASTLE  ACRE,   Bap.    1695-1699,  Mar.    1710-1748.  Bur. 

1695-1698,  Rev.  J.  H.  Bloom. 
GARVESTON,  1539-1812,  Chester  MSS. 
HORSEY,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1559-1812,  Mar.  1571-1677,  Rev. 

F.  Procter. 
INGHAM,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1800-1812,  Mar.  1800-1838  (the 

register  burnt),  Rev.  F.  Procter. 

MUNDESLEY,  1724-1744,  and  1756-1812,  Rev.  F.  Protcer. 
PALLING,  1779-1812  (Register  lost),  Rev.  F.  Procter, 
SWAFIELD,  1660-1812,  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
THORPEMARKET,  1537-1739,  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
THUXTON,  complete,  Chester  MSS. 
WAXHAM,  1780-1812  (Register  lost),  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
WEST  SOMERTON,  1736-1812,  Rev.  F.  Procter. 
WESTWICK,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1642-1812,  Mar.   1642-1836, 

Rev.  F.  Procter. 
WINTERTON,  with  E.  Somerton,  1717-1812  (after  fire), 

Rev.  F.  Procter. 


13 

NORTHANTS.     LILFORD,  15G4-1777,  Chester  MSS. 
WADENHOE,  complete,  Chester  MSS. 

NOTTS.  CARLTON-IN-LINDRICK,  Mar.  1559-1754,  Bap.  and  Bur. 

1559-1678,  G.  W.  Marshall  LL.D.,  Coll.  Arms. 
RATCLIFFE-ON-SOAR,  1597-1773,  Rev.  E.  F.  Taylor. 
SUTTON,  St.  Ann,  1560-1759.  Rev.  E.  F.  Taylor. 

OXFORD.        OXFORD,  All  Saints,  1559-1866,  Chester  MSS. 

OXFORD,  St.  Giles,  Mar.  1559-1754,  Bap.  1576-1769,  Bur. 

1605-1768,  Chester  MSS. 

OXFORD,  St.  Mary  Magdalen,  1600-1726,  Chester  MSS. 
OXFORD,  St.  Mary  the  Virgin,  1599-1866,  Chester  MSS. 
OXFORD,  St.  Peter-in-the-East,  1559-1866,  Chester  MSS. 

RUTLAND.     EDITH  WESTON,  Bap.  1585,  Mar.   and  Bur.  1586-1836, 

Rev.  A.  Trollope. 
HAMBLEDON,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1558-1812,  Mar.  1558-1846, 

Rev.  Geo.  Gibb. 
LUFFENHAM   (NORTH),  Bap.  1572-1748,  Mar.   and  Bur. 

1565-1749,  Rev.  P.  G.  Dennis. 
LYNDON,   Bap.   and  Bur.    1580-1813,  Mar.    1580-1837, 

Rev.  T.  K.  B.  Nevinson. 
THISTLETON,  Rev.  M.  A.  Thomson. 

SHROPSHIRE.    QUATFORD,  1636-1811,  Brit.  Mus.  Add.  MS.  28740. 
SOMERSET.   BANWELL,  1568-1797,  Chester  MSS. 

STAFFORDSHIRE.     CLENT,  1562-1812,  J.  Amphlett. 

INGESTRE,  1691-1733  (per  C.  J.  Bradshaw). 

SURREY.       BANSTEAD,  Bap.  and  Mar.  1547-1750,  Bur.  1547-1789, 

F.  A.  H.  Lambert,  F.S.A. 

BEDDINGTON,  Mar.  1538-1754,  R.  Garraway  Rice,  F.S.A. 
COULSDON,  Mar.  1655-1753,  R.  Garraway  Rice,  F.S.A. 
FARLEIGH,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1678-1812,  Mar.   1679-1810, 

R.  Garraway  Rice,  F.S.A. 
GODALMING,  Bap.  1582-1625,  Mar.  and  Bur.  1583-1625, 

Ralph  Nevill,  F.S.A. 
HORLEY,  Bap.  1630-1700,  Mar.  1630-1753.  Bur.  1599- 

1700,  A.  R.  Bax. 

MITCHAM,  1563-1678,  Chester,  MSS. 
RICHMOND,  1583-1812,  J.  Challenor  Smith. 
WOLDINGHAM,  Bap.   1766-1812,  Mar.   1769-1810,  Bur. 

1765-1811,  R.  G.  Rice. 

SUSSEX.        ARDINGLY,   1558-1724  (by  Rev.  J.  H.  L.  Booker),  The 

Rector,  Indexed  and  annotated. 
BALCOMBE,  Bap.  1554,  Mar.  1539,  Bur.  1540-1746  (by 

Rev.  J.  H.  L.  Booker),  The  Rector. 
CRAWLEY,  Mar.  1688-1750,  R.  Garraway  Rice. 
DITCHLING,  Bap.   1557  and  Mar.   and   Bur.   1556-1750, 

Capt.  Attree,  R.E.  Indexed. 


16 

SUSSEX.         EAST  GRIXSTEAD,  Bap.  1558-1760,  Mar.  1559-1760.  Bur. 

1574-1760,  R.  Payne  Crawfurd. 

EDBURTON,  1558-1673,  Sussex  Arch.  Soc.  (see  No.  1  List). 
HORSHAM,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1540-1761,  Mar.  1541-1753, 

R.  Garraway  Rice. 

ITCHINGFIELD,  Mar.  1700-1812,  R.  Garraway  Rice. 
NUTHURST,  Mar.  1653-1754,  R.  Garraway  Rice. 
NUTHURST,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1636,  B.  M.  Ayscough,MS.  1677 
WIVELSFIELD,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1559-1780,  Mar.  1559-1753, 

Capt.  Attree,  R.E. 

WARWICKSHIRE.     FILLONGLEY,  1538-1653,  Rev.  A.  B.  Stevenson. 
LILLINGTON,    Bap.    1540-1573,    Mar.    1541-1573,    Bur. 
1539-1575,  Rev.  J.  Edleston. 

WILTS.          CHERHILL,  1690-1891,  Rev.  W.  C.  Plenderleith. 

•  EAST  KNOYLE,  1538-1892,  Rev.  R,  N.  Milford  (indexed). 
SEAGRY,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1610-1811,  Mar.  1611-1753,  (old 
Trans.),  D.  Hipwell. 

WORCESTERSHIRE.     HAGLEY,  1538-1889.  Parish  and  W.  Wickham 

King1,    Indexed. 

HAGLEY,  1538-1831,  (Copy  of  J.  Noakes),  J.  Amphlett. 
OLD-SWINFORD,  1602-1656,  W.  W.  King-. 
PEDMORE,  1539-1886,  Parish  and  W.  W.  King. 

YORKSHIRE.     BATLEY,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1559-1812,  Mar.    1559-1803, 

Mich.  Sheard. 

EGTON,Mar.  1622-1761,  Bap.  and  Bur.  1622-1779. 
FARNHAM,  1570— Bap.  and  Mar.  1721,  Bt.r.    1720,  Dr. 

F.  Collins. 

HEMSWORTH.  1553-1688,  Rev.  J.  H.  Bloom,  M.A. 
KIRBY  FLEETHAM,  1591-1718,  Chester,  MSS. 
KIRKDALE,  1580-1762,  Chester,  MSS. 
KNARESBOROUGH,  1561— Bap.  1767,  Mar.  1751.  Bur.  1764, 

Dr.  F.  Collins. 

MIRFIELD,  1559-1606,  Par.  Church. 
SHEFFIELD,  Bap.  1559-1603,  Rev.  C.  V.  Collier. 
SHEFFIELD,  Bap.  by  Rev.  Jollie,  1681-1704,  Brit.  Mus. 

Add.  MS.  24486. 

WINTRINGHAM,  1558-1700,  Chester,  MSS. 
WRAGLEY,  1538-          Rev.  E.  Sankey. 
YORK,  St.  Martin  cum  Gregory,  1540-1780,  Indexed  to 

1740,  Rev.  E.  Bulmer. 


Harrison  &  Sons,  Printers  in  Ordinary  to  Her  Majesty,  St.  Martin's  Lane. 


DA 
670 
W69W5 
v»27 


The  Wiltshire  archaeological 
and  natural  history 
magazine 


PLEASE  DO  NOT  REMOVE 
CARDS  OR  SLIPS  FROM  THIS  POCKET 

UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY